Anatomy: Chapter 12 HW Mastering A&P
Within a lymph node, what cells engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances in the lymph?
macrophages
Due to a recent respiratory illness from a viral infection , Jennifer has now developed ________.
naturally-acquired active immunity
Antibodies provided by serum from an immune donor or an animal donor do not challenge the B cells and thus provide ________.
passive immunity
How do plasma cells assist with humoral immunity?
plasma cells secrete highly-specific antibodies
From what part of the body does the right lymphatic duct collects lymph?
right arm
What role do plasma cells play in the immune response?
secrete antibodies into body fluids
Which of the following substances is NOT likely to trigger the immune response?
self-antigens
What is the body's first line of defense against the invasion of disease-causing microorganisms?
skin and mucous membranes
Which blood vessels receive lymph from the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct?
subclavian veins
What are T lymphocytes (T cells) and B lymphocytes (B cells) self-tolerant of?
the body's own cells
True or False: B cells become immunocompetent in the thymus.
False (in bone marrow)
What does fever accomplish?
Fever inhibits bacteria reproduction and speeds the repair process.
AIDS cripples the immune system by interfering with the activity of cells called ________.
Helper T cells
What type of T cell releases cytokines to indirectly rid the body of antigens?
Helper T cells
Which cells stimulate the antibody-secreting cells and cytotoxic T cells?
Helper T cells
What lymphoid organ produces hormones that direct the maturation of T lymphocytes?
thymus
The role of the ________ is to trap and remove bacteria or other foreign pathogens entering the throat.
tonsils
What is the function of histamine?
triggers inflammatory response
Peyer's patches and the tonsils are part of the collection of small lymphoid tissues that protect the upper respiratory and digestive tracts from infection and are referred to as ________.
MALT or mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue
True or False: Chemicals secreted by white blood cells and macrophages exposed to foreign substances that can increase body temperature are called pyrogens.
True
What type of immunity do vaccines provide?
active, artificially acquired immunity
Redness, heat, swelling, and pain are the four most common indicators of ________.
acute inflammation
Humoral immunity is provided by ________.
antibodies
Which one of the following is NOT one of the nonspecific body defenses?
antibody production
What is humoral immunity?
antibody-mediated immune response
A(n) ________ is any substance capable of mobilizing our immune system and provoking an immune response.
antigen
What are the substances that activate the immune system called?
antigens
Active immunity to tetanus, whooping cough, and polio can be artificially acquired when we receive ________.
vaccines
Why are the elderly more susceptible to infection and cancers?
because the efficiency of the immune response decreases in old age
What is the function of complement proteins?
bind to foreign cells and punch holes in their surfaces
Jill felt small, swollen structures under her chin in her neck during a recent head cold. She probably had swollen ________.
cervical lymph nodes
Which of the following is NOT one of the four most common indicators of the inflammatory response?
chills
What type of T cell directly attacks infected cells?
cytotoxic T cells
Excess accumulation of fluid, which impairs the exchange of materials within the tissues, is called ________.
edema
Which system is a functional system, not an organ system in the anatomical sense, that consists of innate and adaptive defense mechanisms?
immune system
True or False: Autoimmune disease arises when the immune system is no longer tolerant of self-antigens and antibodies are produced to attack the body's own tissues.
True
True or False: Intact keratinized epidermis and mucous membranes are strong mechanical barriers to most microorganisms and serve as the body's first line of defense.
True
Which of the following is often used to treat allergies?
antihistamines
What condition occurs when the body makes antibodies against self-antigens?
autoimmune disease
HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, targets and destroys __________.
helper T cells
Fluids that have escaped the cardiovascular system are picked up by the ________.
lymphatic system
What structures are major components of the lymphatic system?
lymphatic vessels and lymphoid tissues/organs
The lymphoid organ that destroys worn-out blood cells is the ________.
spleen
Which one of the following is NOT a mechanism that aids lymph return to the heart?
the pumping action of the heart
Hannah has an auto-immune disease in which the beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed. As a result, she does not make enough insulin. What disease does she have?
type I diabetes mellitus
What happens to the fluid filtered from blood capillaries?
It becomes interstitial fluid, enters lymphatic vessels, and is returned to the bloodstream.
True or False: Antibodies can inactivate an antigen in many ways, including complement fixation, neutralization, and opsonization.
True
True or False: Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are secreted by activated B cells or by their plasma-cell offspring in response to an antigen.
True
True or False: Artificially acquired passive immunity is conferred when one receives immune serum for poisonous snake bites.
True
What tissue or organ filters lymph?
lymph node
Bacteria and tumor cells are removed from lymph by ________.
lymph nodes
Which of the following is NOT one of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT)?
lymph nodes