Anatomy: Chapter 12 HW Mastering A&P

Within a lymph node, what cells engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances in the lymph?

macrophages

Due to a recent respiratory illness from a viral infection , Jennifer has now developed ________.

naturally-acquired active immunity

Antibodies provided by serum from an immune donor or an animal donor do not challenge the B cells and thus provide ________.

passive immunity

How do plasma cells assist with humoral immunity?

plasma cells secrete highly-specific antibodies

From what part of the body does the right lymphatic duct collects lymph?

right arm

What role do plasma cells play in the immune response?

secrete antibodies into body fluids

Which of the following substances is NOT likely to trigger the immune response?

self-antigens

What is the body's first line of defense against the invasion of disease-causing microorganisms?

skin and mucous membranes

Which blood vessels receive lymph from the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct?

subclavian veins

What are T lymphocytes (T cells) and B lymphocytes (B cells) self-tolerant of?

the body's own cells

True or False: B cells become immunocompetent in the thymus.

False (in bone marrow)

What does fever accomplish?

Fever inhibits bacteria reproduction and speeds the repair process.

AIDS cripples the immune system by interfering with the activity of cells called ________.

Helper T cells

What type of T cell releases cytokines to indirectly rid the body of antigens?

Helper T cells

Which cells stimulate the antibody-secreting cells and cytotoxic T cells?

Helper T cells

What lymphoid organ produces hormones that direct the maturation of T lymphocytes?

thymus

The role of the ________ is to trap and remove bacteria or other foreign pathogens entering the throat.

tonsils

What is the function of histamine?

triggers inflammatory response

Peyer's patches and the tonsils are part of the collection of small lymphoid tissues that protect the upper respiratory and digestive tracts from infection and are referred to as ________.

MALT or mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue

True or False: Chemicals secreted by white blood cells and macrophages exposed to foreign substances that can increase body temperature are called pyrogens.

True

What type of immunity do vaccines provide?

active, artificially acquired immunity

Redness, heat, swelling, and pain are the four most common indicators of ________.

acute inflammation

Humoral immunity is provided by ________.

antibodies

Which one of the following is NOT one of the nonspecific body defenses?

antibody production

What is humoral immunity?

antibody-mediated immune response

A(n) ________ is any substance capable of mobilizing our immune system and provoking an immune response.

antigen

What are the substances that activate the immune system called?

antigens

Active immunity to tetanus, whooping cough, and polio can be artificially acquired when we receive ________.

vaccines

Why are the elderly more susceptible to infection and cancers?

because the efficiency of the immune response decreases in old age

What is the function of complement proteins?

bind to foreign cells and punch holes in their surfaces

Jill felt small, swollen structures under her chin in her neck during a recent head cold. She probably had swollen ________.

cervical lymph nodes

Which of the following is NOT one of the four most common indicators of the inflammatory response?

chills

What type of T cell directly attacks infected cells?

cytotoxic T cells

Excess accumulation of fluid, which impairs the exchange of materials within the tissues, is called ________.

edema

Which system is a functional system, not an organ system in the anatomical sense, that consists of innate and adaptive defense mechanisms?

immune system

True or False: Autoimmune disease arises when the immune system is no longer tolerant of self-antigens and antibodies are produced to attack the body's own tissues.

True

True or False: Intact keratinized epidermis and mucous membranes are strong mechanical barriers to most microorganisms and serve as the body's first line of defense.

True

Which of the following is often used to treat allergies?

antihistamines

What condition occurs when the body makes antibodies against self-antigens?

autoimmune disease

HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, targets and destroys __________.

helper T cells

Fluids that have escaped the cardiovascular system are picked up by the ________.

lymphatic system

What structures are major components of the lymphatic system?

lymphatic vessels and lymphoid tissues/organs

The lymphoid organ that destroys worn-out blood cells is the ________.

spleen

Which one of the following is NOT a mechanism that aids lymph return to the heart?

the pumping action of the heart

Hannah has an auto-immune disease in which the beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed. As a result, she does not make enough insulin. What disease does she have?

type I diabetes mellitus

What happens to the fluid filtered from blood capillaries?

It becomes interstitial fluid, enters lymphatic vessels, and is returned to the bloodstream.

True or False: Antibodies can inactivate an antigen in many ways, including complement fixation, neutralization, and opsonization.

True

True or False: Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are secreted by activated B cells or by their plasma-cell offspring in response to an antigen.

True

True or False: Artificially acquired passive immunity is conferred when one receives immune serum for poisonous snake bites.

True

What tissue or organ filters lymph?

lymph node

Bacteria and tumor cells are removed from lymph by ________.

lymph nodes

Which of the following is NOT one of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT)?

lymph nodes