Anatomy Chapter 14 Endocrine System
Calcitonin and Parathyroid Hormone
control plasma levels of calcium
Cretinism, Myxedema, and Grave's Disease are all
disorders of the thyroid gland function
which of the following is most likely to cause the secretion of Calcitonin?
elevated plasma calcium levels
Excess Secretion of epinephrine
elevates blood glucose levels
Ketoacidosis is most related to
excess fatty acid catabolism
What is the stimulus for the release of Insulin?
high plasma levels of glucose
Which group is incorrect?
hormones of the anterior pituitary gland: ACTH, PRL, TSH, Oxytocin
A deficiency of insulin causes
hyperglycemia
Catecholamines
include epinephrine and norepinephrine
Steroids
include glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens
Which of the following is a function of Parathyroid Hormone?
increase the plasma levels of Calcium
Bronzing
is a characteristic of chronic adrenal cortical insufficiency (Addison's Disease)
Oxytocin
is a neurohypophyseal hormone that stimulates the uterine muscle to contract thereby assisting in labor
Enlargement of the thyroid gland
is called a goiter
The adrenal medulla
is part of the fight or flight response
TSH
is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
Insulin
is secreted by the beta cells of the islets of langerhans (Pancreas)
the neurohypophysis
is the posterior pituitary gland
The adrenal Cortex
is the target gland of ACTH
What is most likely the effect of a deficiency of Aldosterone?
low blood volume and hypotension
Hypocalcemic Tetany
may be caused by a deficiency of PTH
Kussmaul Respirations occur in response to
metabolic acidosis
Which of the following is most responsive to treatment with thyroxine?
myxedema
The adenohypophysis
refers to the anterior pituitary gland
Iodine containing hormones
regulate the metabolic rate
Which of the following hormones are found within the hypophyseal portal capillaries?
releasing hormones
Which of the following is most descriptive of cAMP?
second chemical messenger
The Islets of Langerhans
secrete insulin and glucagon
T3, T4, and Calcitonin are
secreted by the thyroid gland
Which of the following is least descriptive of the hypothalamus?
secretes ACTH, TSH, and Gonadotropins
Which of the following is true of the hypothalamus?
secretes releasing hormones into the portal capillaries (hypothalmic - hypophyseal portal system)
PTH
stimulates osteoclastic activity
Lactogenic Hormone
stimulates the mammary glands to make milk
Which of the following steroids is an androgen?
testosterone
Testosterone is best described as
virilizing
An excessive growth of hair in locations where hair growth in women is normally minimal is known as?
Hirsutism
The person with _______ is most likely to receive insulin therapy.
Hyperglycemia
The hypersecretion of this hormone is least likely to cause hyperglycemia?
Insulin
The only hormone that lowers blood glucose is
Insulin
a slowed down metabolic state characterized by a slow heart rate, sluggish peristalsis resulting in constipation, low body temperature, low energy, loss of hair, and weight gain due to deficiency in T3 and T4 (Iodine)
Myxedema (Hypothyroidism)
The secretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland suppresses further secretion of ACTH by the Anterior Pituitary Gland What is this interaction called?
Negative Feedback Loop
Which gland secretes two hormones; one that elevates blood glucose levels and one that decreases blood glucose levels?
Pancreas
This gland secretes melatonin and is concerned with our biological rythyms.
Pineal Gland
Which of the following structures connects the hypothalamus and the adenohypophysis?
Portal Capillaries (Hypothalmic-Hypophyseal Portal System)
Which of the following is the response to low plasma levels of calcium?
Secretion of PTH
Which group is incorrect?
Steroids : Cortisol, Aldosterone, testosterone, and epinephrine
Follicular cells in the thyroid gland secrete
T3 and T4
Iodine, Colloid, and Goiter refer to which gland?
Thyroid
This gland is associated with "sugar, salt, and sex"
adrenal cortex
ACTH stimulates the
adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol
Portal Capillaries carry releasing hormones from the brain to the
anterior pituitary gland
Which gland secretes TSH, ACTH, and growth hormone?
anterior pituitary gland
Insulin, Cortisol, throxine, and oxytocin
are hormones
Estrogen, Progesterone, and Testosterone
are secreted by the gonads
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) and Oxytocin
are secreted by the neurohypophysis
Insulin and Glucagon
are secreted by the pancreas and are concerned with the regulation of blood glucose
which of the following is least associated with the adrenal medulla?
"sugar, salt, and sex"
Obesity
(all of the above) antagonizes insulin elevates blood glucose levels causes Na+ and water reabsorbtion, thereby increasing BP
Insulin
(all of the above) stimulates the formation of glycogen increases the transport of glucose into a cell stimulates the synthesis of proteins and fats
Growth Hormone
(all of the above) Is secreted by the adenohypophysis stimulates the growth of the musculoskeletal system is also called the somatotropic hormone
which of the following is not controlled by a hypothalmic releasing hormone?
ADH
Parafollicular Cells of the thyroid gland secrete
Calcitonin
"sugar, salt, and sex" is descriptive of
Cortisol, Aldosterone, and Testosterone
which of the following is characterized by low blood volume?
Diabetes Insipidus
characterized by an increase in heart rate, increase in peristalsis resulting in diarrhea, elevated body temperature, hyperactivity, weight loss, and wide emotional swings caused by an excess in T3 and T4 (Iodine)
Grave's Disease (Hyperthyroidism)