Anatomy Chapter 14 Endocrine System

Calcitonin and Parathyroid Hormone

control plasma levels of calcium

Cretinism, Myxedema, and Grave's Disease are all

disorders of the thyroid gland function

which of the following is most likely to cause the secretion of Calcitonin?

elevated plasma calcium levels

Excess Secretion of epinephrine

elevates blood glucose levels

Ketoacidosis is most related to

excess fatty acid catabolism

What is the stimulus for the release of Insulin?

high plasma levels of glucose

Which group is incorrect?

hormones of the anterior pituitary gland: ACTH, PRL, TSH, Oxytocin

A deficiency of insulin causes

hyperglycemia

Catecholamines

include epinephrine and norepinephrine

Steroids

include glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens

Which of the following is a function of Parathyroid Hormone?

increase the plasma levels of Calcium

Bronzing

is a characteristic of chronic adrenal cortical insufficiency (Addison's Disease)

Oxytocin

is a neurohypophyseal hormone that stimulates the uterine muscle to contract thereby assisting in labor

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

is called a goiter

The adrenal medulla

is part of the fight or flight response

TSH

is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland

Insulin

is secreted by the beta cells of the islets of langerhans (Pancreas)

the neurohypophysis

is the posterior pituitary gland

The adrenal Cortex

is the target gland of ACTH

What is most likely the effect of a deficiency of Aldosterone?

low blood volume and hypotension

Hypocalcemic Tetany

may be caused by a deficiency of PTH

Kussmaul Respirations occur in response to

metabolic acidosis

Which of the following is most responsive to treatment with thyroxine?

myxedema

The adenohypophysis

refers to the anterior pituitary gland

Iodine containing hormones

regulate the metabolic rate

Which of the following hormones are found within the hypophyseal portal capillaries?

releasing hormones

Which of the following is most descriptive of cAMP?

second chemical messenger

The Islets of Langerhans

secrete insulin and glucagon

T3, T4, and Calcitonin are

secreted by the thyroid gland

Which of the following is least descriptive of the hypothalamus?

secretes ACTH, TSH, and Gonadotropins

Which of the following is true of the hypothalamus?

secretes releasing hormones into the portal capillaries (hypothalmic - hypophyseal portal system)

PTH

stimulates osteoclastic activity

Lactogenic Hormone

stimulates the mammary glands to make milk

Which of the following steroids is an androgen?

testosterone

Testosterone is best described as

virilizing

An excessive growth of hair in locations where hair growth in women is normally minimal is known as?

Hirsutism

The person with _______ is most likely to receive insulin therapy.

Hyperglycemia

The hypersecretion of this hormone is least likely to cause hyperglycemia?

Insulin

The only hormone that lowers blood glucose is

Insulin

a slowed down metabolic state characterized by a slow heart rate, sluggish peristalsis resulting in constipation, low body temperature, low energy, loss of hair, and weight gain due to deficiency in T3 and T4 (Iodine)

Myxedema (Hypothyroidism)

The secretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland suppresses further secretion of ACTH by the Anterior Pituitary Gland What is this interaction called?

Negative Feedback Loop

Which gland secretes two hormones; one that elevates blood glucose levels and one that decreases blood glucose levels?

Pancreas

This gland secretes melatonin and is concerned with our biological rythyms.

Pineal Gland

Which of the following structures connects the hypothalamus and the adenohypophysis?

Portal Capillaries (Hypothalmic-Hypophyseal Portal System)

Which of the following is the response to low plasma levels of calcium?

Secretion of PTH

Which group is incorrect?

Steroids : Cortisol, Aldosterone, testosterone, and epinephrine

Follicular cells in the thyroid gland secrete

T3 and T4

Iodine, Colloid, and Goiter refer to which gland?

Thyroid

This gland is associated with "sugar, salt, and sex"

adrenal cortex

ACTH stimulates the

adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol

Portal Capillaries carry releasing hormones from the brain to the

anterior pituitary gland

Which gland secretes TSH, ACTH, and growth hormone?

anterior pituitary gland

Insulin, Cortisol, throxine, and oxytocin

are hormones

Estrogen, Progesterone, and Testosterone

are secreted by the gonads

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) and Oxytocin

are secreted by the neurohypophysis

Insulin and Glucagon

are secreted by the pancreas and are concerned with the regulation of blood glucose

which of the following is least associated with the adrenal medulla?

"sugar, salt, and sex"

Obesity

(all of the above) antagonizes insulin elevates blood glucose levels causes Na+ and water reabsorbtion, thereby increasing BP

Insulin

(all of the above) stimulates the formation of glycogen increases the transport of glucose into a cell stimulates the synthesis of proteins and fats

Growth Hormone

(all of the above) Is secreted by the adenohypophysis stimulates the growth of the musculoskeletal system is also called the somatotropic hormone

which of the following is not controlled by a hypothalmic releasing hormone?

ADH

Parafollicular Cells of the thyroid gland secrete

Calcitonin

"sugar, salt, and sex" is descriptive of

Cortisol, Aldosterone, and Testosterone

which of the following is characterized by low blood volume?

Diabetes Insipidus

characterized by an increase in heart rate, increase in peristalsis resulting in diarrhea, elevated body temperature, hyperactivity, weight loss, and wide emotional swings caused by an excess in T3 and T4 (Iodine)

Grave's Disease (Hyperthyroidism)