Anatomy Chapter 21

inhibition of EPO secretion.

Homeostatic mechanisms in response to blood loss include all of the following except

100

If a person has a blood pressure of 120/90, his mean arterial pressure would be ________ mm Hg.

doubled.

If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be

internal elastic membrane.

In arteries, the thick layer of elastic fibers associated with the tunica intima is called the

a greater resistance to blood flow.

In comparison to a vessel with a large diameter, a vessel with a small diameter has

mobilization of the venous reserve. All of the answers are correct.

In response to hemorrhage, there is

artery

In what vessel is blood pressure the highest?

a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long

In which of the following would the blood flow be highest?

parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.

Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased

15 mm Hg; filtration

NFP = ________ and results in a fluid ________.

the subclavian

Of the following, which is an elastic artery?

lungs.

Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the

increases blood flow.

Resistance is a force that

lymphatic system.

Some of the fluid that is forced out of capillaries is returned to the blood by the

increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system.

Stimulation of the aortic baroreceptors reflexively results in

concentration of plasma proteins.

The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the

muscular

The brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery?

elastic

The common iliac artery is an example of which type of artery?

All of the answers are correct.

The continual movement of fluid through the interstitial spaces produced by capillary filtration serves which of the following functions?

pulse

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure.

hydrostatic; colloid osmotic

The force that moves fluid out of capillaries is ________ pressure whereas the opposing force that moves fluid into capillaries is ________ pressure.

large vein.

The inferior vena cava is classified as a(n)

veins.

The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called

external elastic membrane.

The layer between the tunica media and the tunica externa in a large artery is the

media. Relative to the lumen, which of the following vessels has the thickest tunica media? arterioles

The layer of the arteriole wall that can produce vasoconstriction is the tunica

arteriole.

The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the

arterioles.

The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the

media.

The muscular layer in the wall of a blood vessel is the tunica

hypertension

Which of the following conditions is least likely to lead to renin release?

F = P/R

Which of the following equations shows the correct relation between blood flow (F), pressure (P), and resistance (R)?

both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure

Which of the following factors will increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries?

vascular resistance

Which of the following is normally the greatest source acting against blood flow?

tunica intima

Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel?

tunica externa

Which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers?

0.4 cm

Which of the following lumen diameters would be typical of a muscular artery?

vascular resistance

Which of the following opposes the flow of blood back to the heart?

The net filtration pressure is usually zero.

Which of the following statements is false concerning the movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial space?

veins

Which part of the vascular system functions as a blood reservoir and contains over 60% of the body's blood?

the pituitary gland.

You would expect to find fenestrated capillaries in

stroke

Which of the following is most likely to result from an aneurysm in a brain artery?

venules.

After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the

All of the answers are correct.

Arteriosclerosis can lead to

increases and causes the blood velocity to decrease.

As blood circulates from arteries into capillaries, the total cross-sectional area of capillaries

pressure decreases.

As blood travels from arteries to veins,

pressure drops.

As blood travels from arteries to veins,

equal to

Averaged over a few heartbeats, venous return is ________ cardiac output.

All of the answers are correct.

During exercise,

both an increase in blood pressure and an increase in stored sodium ion.

Vickie has a tumor that secretes excess amounts of the hormone aldosterone. Because of the elevated level of hormone, she exhibits

4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6

What is the correct order for the sequence of blood vessels that blood would travel in the systemic circuit, starting at the aorta?

capillary

What structure do RBCs move through single-file?

arteries

What vessels contain elastic fibers in the walls that are stretched during systole?

veins

What vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply?

All of the answers are correct.

When a person rises quickly from a sitting position,

both heart rate and stroke volume increase.

When carotid and aortic baroreceptors reduce their output,

angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin I.

When renin is released from the kidney,

arteriole

Which kind of vessel is also called a resistance vessel?

tunica media

Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue?

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following affects blood flow through the body?

All of the following

Which of the following affects blood flow through the body?

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following are characteristics of cardiovascular regulation?

venules

Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels?

Skin blood flow is lower.

Which of the following changes does not occur during exercise compared to rest?

liver.

A sample of tissue displays many large flattened spaces lined by fenestrated endothelium. Blood moves slowly through these spaces. This tissue sample most likely came from the

medium vein.

A vein that measures 5 mm would be considered a(n)

increased stimulation of the cardioaccelerator center by higher brain centers.

Fear can result in

starvation prevents the liver from producing enough protein to maintain BCOP.

Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) decreases in starving children because

large non-diffusible proteins in the blood plasma.

Blood colloid osmotic pressure is produced by

precapillary sphincter.

Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the

arterioles dilate.

Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the

parasympathetic innervation.

Blood pressure increases with all of the following except increased

estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff.

Blood pressure is determined by

veins.

Blood pressure is lowest in the

continuous capillaries.

Capillaries that have a complete lining are called

fenestrated capillaries.

Capillaries with a perforated lining are called

arterial pressure.

Clinically, the term blood pressure usually refers to

have thinner walls.

Compared to arteries, veins

50

Complications related to arteriosclerosis account for roughly ________ percent of deaths in the United States.

increased hematocrit.

Each of the following changes will result in increased blood flow to a tissue except

increased blood concentration of glucose.

Each of the following factors would increase cardiac output except

vasodilation.

Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance except

increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).

Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure except

release of renin.

Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure except

the plasma concentration of protein is reduced, capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated, and

Edema may occur when

salt and water loss through the kidneys.

Elevated levels of the natriuretic peptide hormones ANP and BNP will produce increased

capillaries.

Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in

All of the answers are correct.

Factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis include which of the following?

venules.

The small vessels that capillaries drain into are called

precapillary arterioles.

The smallest arterial branches are called the

venule.

The thoroughfare channel ends at the

capillary hydrostatic pressure.

The vascular pressure that declines from roughly 35 mm Hg to about 18 mm Hg is the

capillaries

These vessels may be continuous or fenestrated.

releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH and aldosterone secretion are part of the body's long-term compensation for a serious hemorrhage.

To defend blood volume against dehydration, the body

osmolarity of interstitial fluids.

Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following except the

when there are irregularities in the vessel wall.

Turbulent blood flow occurs

vein

Venae cavae are the largest of what type of vessel?

reduces; increases

Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system, which ________ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems.

vein

Venoconstriction reduces the diameter of which vessel?

channeling blood toward the heart.

Venous valves are responsible for