Anatomy Chapter 21
inhibition of EPO secretion.
Homeostatic mechanisms in response to blood loss include all of the following except
100
If a person has a blood pressure of 120/90, his mean arterial pressure would be ________ mm Hg.
doubled.
If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be
internal elastic membrane.
In arteries, the thick layer of elastic fibers associated with the tunica intima is called the
a greater resistance to blood flow.
In comparison to a vessel with a large diameter, a vessel with a small diameter has
mobilization of the venous reserve. All of the answers are correct.
In response to hemorrhage, there is
artery
In what vessel is blood pressure the highest?
a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long
In which of the following would the blood flow be highest?
parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased
15 mm Hg; filtration
NFP = ________ and results in a fluid ________.
the subclavian
Of the following, which is an elastic artery?
lungs.
Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the
increases blood flow.
Resistance is a force that
lymphatic system.
Some of the fluid that is forced out of capillaries is returned to the blood by the
increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system.
Stimulation of the aortic baroreceptors reflexively results in
concentration of plasma proteins.
The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the
muscular
The brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery?
elastic
The common iliac artery is an example of which type of artery?
All of the answers are correct.
The continual movement of fluid through the interstitial spaces produced by capillary filtration serves which of the following functions?
pulse
The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure.
hydrostatic; colloid osmotic
The force that moves fluid out of capillaries is ________ pressure whereas the opposing force that moves fluid into capillaries is ________ pressure.
large vein.
The inferior vena cava is classified as a(n)
veins.
The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called
external elastic membrane.
The layer between the tunica media and the tunica externa in a large artery is the
media. Relative to the lumen, which of the following vessels has the thickest tunica media? arterioles
The layer of the arteriole wall that can produce vasoconstriction is the tunica
arteriole.
The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the
arterioles.
The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the
media.
The muscular layer in the wall of a blood vessel is the tunica
hypertension
Which of the following conditions is least likely to lead to renin release?
F = P/R
Which of the following equations shows the correct relation between blood flow (F), pressure (P), and resistance (R)?
both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure
Which of the following factors will increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries?
vascular resistance
Which of the following is normally the greatest source acting against blood flow?
tunica intima
Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel?
tunica externa
Which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers?
0.4 cm
Which of the following lumen diameters would be typical of a muscular artery?
vascular resistance
Which of the following opposes the flow of blood back to the heart?
The net filtration pressure is usually zero.
Which of the following statements is false concerning the movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial space?
veins
Which part of the vascular system functions as a blood reservoir and contains over 60% of the body's blood?
the pituitary gland.
You would expect to find fenestrated capillaries in
stroke
Which of the following is most likely to result from an aneurysm in a brain artery?
venules.
After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the
All of the answers are correct.
Arteriosclerosis can lead to
increases and causes the blood velocity to decrease.
As blood circulates from arteries into capillaries, the total cross-sectional area of capillaries
pressure decreases.
As blood travels from arteries to veins,
pressure drops.
As blood travels from arteries to veins,
equal to
Averaged over a few heartbeats, venous return is ________ cardiac output.
All of the answers are correct.
During exercise,
both an increase in blood pressure and an increase in stored sodium ion.
Vickie has a tumor that secretes excess amounts of the hormone aldosterone. Because of the elevated level of hormone, she exhibits
4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6
What is the correct order for the sequence of blood vessels that blood would travel in the systemic circuit, starting at the aorta?
capillary
What structure do RBCs move through single-file?
arteries
What vessels contain elastic fibers in the walls that are stretched during systole?
veins
What vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply?
All of the answers are correct.
When a person rises quickly from a sitting position,
both heart rate and stroke volume increase.
When carotid and aortic baroreceptors reduce their output,
angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin I.
When renin is released from the kidney,
arteriole
Which kind of vessel is also called a resistance vessel?
tunica media
Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue?
All of the answers are correct.
Which of the following affects blood flow through the body?
All of the following
Which of the following affects blood flow through the body?
All of the answers are correct.
Which of the following are characteristics of cardiovascular regulation?
venules
Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels?
Skin blood flow is lower.
Which of the following changes does not occur during exercise compared to rest?
liver.
A sample of tissue displays many large flattened spaces lined by fenestrated endothelium. Blood moves slowly through these spaces. This tissue sample most likely came from the
medium vein.
A vein that measures 5 mm would be considered a(n)
increased stimulation of the cardioaccelerator center by higher brain centers.
Fear can result in
starvation prevents the liver from producing enough protein to maintain BCOP.
Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) decreases in starving children because
large non-diffusible proteins in the blood plasma.
Blood colloid osmotic pressure is produced by
precapillary sphincter.
Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the
arterioles dilate.
Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the
parasympathetic innervation.
Blood pressure increases with all of the following except increased
estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff.
Blood pressure is determined by
veins.
Blood pressure is lowest in the
continuous capillaries.
Capillaries that have a complete lining are called
fenestrated capillaries.
Capillaries with a perforated lining are called
arterial pressure.
Clinically, the term blood pressure usually refers to
have thinner walls.
Compared to arteries, veins
50
Complications related to arteriosclerosis account for roughly ________ percent of deaths in the United States.
increased hematocrit.
Each of the following changes will result in increased blood flow to a tissue except
increased blood concentration of glucose.
Each of the following factors would increase cardiac output except
vasodilation.
Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance except
increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).
Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure except
release of renin.
Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure except
the plasma concentration of protein is reduced, capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated, and
Edema may occur when
salt and water loss through the kidneys.
Elevated levels of the natriuretic peptide hormones ANP and BNP will produce increased
capillaries.
Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in
All of the answers are correct.
Factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis include which of the following?
venules.
The small vessels that capillaries drain into are called
precapillary arterioles.
The smallest arterial branches are called the
venule.
The thoroughfare channel ends at the
capillary hydrostatic pressure.
The vascular pressure that declines from roughly 35 mm Hg to about 18 mm Hg is the
capillaries
These vessels may be continuous or fenestrated.
releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH and aldosterone secretion are part of the body's long-term compensation for a serious hemorrhage.
To defend blood volume against dehydration, the body
osmolarity of interstitial fluids.
Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following except the
when there are irregularities in the vessel wall.
Turbulent blood flow occurs
vein
Venae cavae are the largest of what type of vessel?
reduces; increases
Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system, which ________ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems.
vein
Venoconstriction reduces the diameter of which vessel?
channeling blood toward the heart.
Venous valves are responsible for