Anatomy Exam 2

Choose the correct pathway of CSF through the brain. 1. cerebral aqueduct 2. intraventricular foramen 3. lateral ventricles 4. third ventricle 5. fourth ventricle A) 3, 1, 4, 2, 5 B) 1, 3, 4, 2, 5 C) 3, 2, 4, 1, 5 D) 4, 2, 3, 1, 5 E) 2, 3, 1, 4, 5

C) 3, 2, 4, 1, 5

The brain and spinal cord comprise the A) autonomic nervous system. B) peripheral nervous system. C) central nervous system. D) efferent nervous system. E) afferent nervous system.

C) central nervous system.

The resting potential of a neuron is A) 0 mV. B) +10 mV. C) +70 mV. D) -10 mV. E) -70 mV.

-70 mV

vestibulocochlear

hearing and balance

Which of the following is true about red muscles? A) Red muscles are slower than white muscles. B) Red muscles have fewer mitochondria than white muscles. C) Red muscles have fibers of greater diameter than those of white muscles. D) Red muscles contain less myoglobin than white muscles. E) Red muscles fatigue quickly.

A) Red muscles are slower than white muscles.

Effects produced by the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system include A) dilation of the pupils. B) increased secretion by digestive glands. C) dilation of respiratory passages. D) increased heart rate. E) increased tissue metabolism.

B) increased secretion by digestive glands.

The striated appearance of skeletal muscle results from A) the transverse tubule pattern. B) the sarcoplasmic reticulum. C) cisternae placement. D) actin and myosin arrangement. E) the perimysium arrangement.

D) actin and myosin arrangement.

A structure that allows the middle ear to communicate with the nasopharynx is the A) pinna. B) vestibular duct. C) tympanic duct. D) auditory tube. E) external auditory canal.

D- auditory tube

You notice that your father holds his book farther from his face than he used to. Since you are taking an anatomy and physiology course, you realize that this is due to A) his photoreceptors having become less sensitive to light. B) his cataracts. C) a tumor on his optic nerve. D) a lack of vitreous humor in his eyeball's posterior cavity. E) his lens being unable to accommodate for close objects.

E) his lens being unable to accommodate for close objects.

Neurons in the respiratory centers of the brain that respond to pH are examples of A) baroreceptors. B) nociceptors. C) thermoreceptors. D) mechanoreceptors. E) chemoreceptors.

E- chemoreceptors

What muscles are used when you try to "cross your eyes?" A) superior rectus B) lateral rectus C) inferior oblique D) superior oblique E) medial rectus

E- medial rectus

facial CN VII

Facial movement Taste

The ________ nervous system provides involuntary regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activity. A) central B) autonomic C) somatic D) collateral E) ganglionic

autonomic

The enzyme acetylcholinesterase causes acetylcholine to A) break down. B) synthesize. C) bond to actin. D) be secreted. E) form cross-bridges.

break down

Rectus femoris

extends knee

trigeminal (CN V)

facial movements

Which of the following occurs as a result of motor units in a particular muscle being always active, even though their contractions do not produce significant visible movement? A) treppe B) tetany C) muscle tone D) fatigue E) a twitch

muscle tone

Gastrocnemius

plantar flexes foot

The branching structures that, together with the cell body, are sensitive to chemical, mechanical, or electrical stimulation are called A) axons. B) Nissl bodies. C) synapses. D) dendrites. E) neurofibrils

dendrites

A layer of collagen fibers that surrounds an entire muscle is called A) endomysium. B) perimysium. C) sarcolemma. D) sarcomere. E) epimysium.

epimysium

The area between Z lines is the A) sarcolemma. B) sarcomere. C) sarcoplasmic reticulum. D) myofibril. E) myofilament.

sacromere

accessory

shoulder shrug

Nonstriated, involuntary muscle is A) cardiac. B) red skeletal. C) smooth. D) white skeletal. E) intermediate skeletal.

smooth

glossopharyngeal

swallowing

The muscle that dorsiflexes the foot is the A) tibialis anterior. B) tibialis posterior. C) soleus. D) peroneus. E) gastrocnemius.

tibialis anterior

Sternocleidomastoid

turns head side to side

Optic (CN II)

vision

A blind spot in the retina occurs A) at the fovea. B) where ganglion cells synapse with bipolar cells. C) at the optic disc. D) where rod cells are clustered to form the macula. E) where amacrine cells are located.

?

A few spiders produce a venom that is a calcium-channel blocker. Where would this venom have an effect on nerve impulse transmission? A) at the axon terminal B) at the axon hillock C) along the dendrite D) along the cell body membrane E) at the postsynaptic membrane

?

A person whose genetic makeup makes him or her a better marathon runner than a sprinter probably has more ________ in his or her leg muscles. A) fast fibers B) intermediate fibers C) slow fibers D) dark filaments E) myosin

?

A stimulus that opens gated potassium ion channels, moving the membrane voltage value below the resting potential value, results in which of the following? A) repolarization B) hyperpolarization C) depolarization D) refraction E) summation

?

Identify the correct sequence of steps in the generation of an action potential. Activation of sodium channels and rapid depolarization Inactivation of sodium channels and activation of potassium channels Depolarization to threshold Closing of potassium channels A) 1, 3, 4, 2 B) 3, 1, 2, 4 C) 4, 3, 2, 1 D) 1, 3, 2, 4 E) 3, 1, 4, 2

?

Nearsightedness is more properly called A) emmetropia. B) myopia. C) retinal detachment. D) hyperopia. E) glaucoma.

?

Which muscle extends the elbow during the action of push-ups? A) deltoid B) trapezius C) brachialis D) triceps brachii E) biceps brachii

?

Which muscle is not considered a component of the "hamstrings?" A) Gluteus maximimus B) Biceps femoris C) Semitendinosus D) Semimembranosus E) None of the above

?

Which of the following is part of the inner layer of the wall of the eye? A) lateral rectus muscle B) iris C) retina D) sclera E) conjunctiva

?

The division of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for emergencies is the A) sympathetic division. B) parasympathetic division. C) craniosacral division. D) arachnoid division. E) somatic motor division.

A) sympathetic division.

Choose the correct pathway for smell from the environment to the brain. 1. Olfactory nerve 2. Olfactory bulb 3. Central nervous system 4. Olfactory epithelium 5. Olfactory tract

A- 4, 1, 2, 5, 3

The lens focuses the visual image on the photoreceptors by A) moving up and down. B) moving in and out. C) changing shape. D) opening and closing. E) dilating and constricting.

C- changing shape

T/F Cell bodies, dendrites, and some axons are found in gray matter.

True

Deltoid

abducts shoulder

The two cerebral hemispheres are separated by the A) longitudinal fissure. B) central sulcus. C) lateral sulcus. D) frontal lobe. E) postcentral sulcus.

longitudinal fissure

Which structure contains cardiovascular and respiratory rhythmicity centers and is essential for life? A) inferior colliculus B) superior colliculus C) pons D) cerebellum E) medulla oblongata

medulla oblongata

Which of the following is characteristic of cardiac muscle? A) Cardiac muscle cells are striated. B) Cardiac muscle cells achieve tetany with every contraction. C) Cardiac muscle fibers are multinucleated. D) Cardiac muscle fibers are faster than skeletal muscles. E) Neurons that innervate cardiac muscle tissue are under voluntary control.

cardiac muscle cells are striated

external oblique

rotates vertebral column

The part of the peripheral nervous system that brings information to the central nervous system is the A) motor division. B) afferent division. C) efferent division. D) autonomic division. E) somatic division.

afferent division

Which of the following muscles acts to flex the finger joints? A) brachioradialis B) flexor digitorum C) flexor carpi ulnaris D) pronator teres E) flexor carpi radialis

flexor digitorum

The perception of pain coming from parts of the body that are not actually stimulated is called A) preferential pain. B) recalcitrant pain. C) actual pain. D) referred pain. E) slow pain.

D-referred pain

The ossicles connect the A) tympanic membrane to the oval window. B) tympanic membrane to the round window. C) oval window to the round window. D) cochlea to the tympanic membrane. E) cochlea to the oval window.

?

The glial cells responsible for maintaining the blood-brain barrier are the A) astrocytes. B) Schwann cells. C) microglia. D) ependymal cells. E) satellite cells.

?

The myelin sheaths that surround the axons of some of the neurons in the CNS are formed by A) astrocytes. B) Schwann cells. C) oligodendrocytes. D) microglia. E) ependymal cells.

?

The premotor cortex of the cerebrum, involved in the planning and sequencing of muscle movements, is located in the A) frontal lobe. B) postcentral gyrus. C) hippocampus. D) parietal lobe. E) thalamus.

?

The region of the brain that is involved in conscious thought and intellectual function as well as processing somatic sensory and motor information is the A) medulla. B) pons. C) midbrain. D) cerebellum. E) cerebrum.

?

The skeletal muscles store calcium ions in the terminal cisternae of the A) sarcolemma. B) sarcomere. C) sarcosome. D) sarcoplasmic reticulum. E) sarcoplasm

?

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sensory innervation of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and therefore is involved in taste? A) V B) IX C) III D) VII E) VI

?

As a result of a severe concussion from a car accident, you have a terrible problem with both retaining new information and recalling old information. The injury affected the A) mammillary bodies. B) basal ganglia. C) inferior colliculi. D) hippocampus. E) superior colliculi.

hippocampus

Opening of voltage-gated sodium channels in the membrane of a neuron results in A) depolarization. B) repolarization. C) hyperpolarization. D) increased negative charge inside the membrane. E) myelination.

A) depolarization.

Nociceptors are sensitive to A) pain. B) light touch. C) vibration. D) osmotic pressure. E) blood pressure.

A-pain

Which is not a function of the parasympathetic nervous system? A) increased secretion of digestive juices B) ejaculation C) emptying of the bladder D) increased bowel movements E) pupil constriction

B ejaculation

The hearing receptors are located in the A) ampulla. B) cochlear duct. C) utricle. D) saccule. E) semicircular canals.

B- cochlear duct

Smooth muscle cells A) have to be innervated by motor neurons. B) are larger than cardiac muscle cells. C) are multinucleate. D) contain intercalated discs. E) are spindle-shaped.

are spindle-shaped

Place these steps of muscle contraction in the correct order. Action potential is generated along the sarcolemma Nerve impulse arrives at synapse Calcium is released into muscle cell cytoplasm Acetylcholine is produced Actin and myosin molecules continuously cross-link, with actin molecules being pulled inward

?

The ________ contains vesicles filled with acetylcholine. A) axon terminal B) motor end plate C) neuromuscular junction D) synaptic cleft E) transverse tubule

?

The active sites on actin molecules are usually covered up by other molecules. What is the critical material required to uncover the active sites on the actin molecules that will then bind to myosin heads? A) ATP B) calcium C) oxygen D) vitamin A E) titin

?

Which neuroglial cells produce CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) in some regions of the brain? A) microglia B) Schwann cells C) ependymal cells D) oligodendrocytes E) astrocytes

?

The stiffness that occurs at death, when actin and myosin molecules stay linked to each other in a contracted state, is due to a lack ofA) cAMP.B) DNA.C) RNA.D) ATP.E) tRNA.

ATP

The visual cortex is located in the A) frontal lobe. B) parietal lobe. C) temporal lobe. D) occipital lobe. E) cerebellum.

occipital lobe

The fading of a dominant odor sometime after one enters a room is an example of experiencing A) sensory adaptation. B) damage to receptors. C) sensory deprivation. D) a change in concentration of the odor. E) proprioception.

A- sensory adaption

T/F The main intracellular ion is sodium and the main extracellular ion is potassium.

False