anatomy exam 2

The epithelial linings of tubes and spaces that are connected with the outside

mucous membranes

The secretion that traps dust and other inhaled foreign particles

mucus

A specialized tissue with both contractile and conducting properties.

muscle tissue

a specialized tissue with both contractile and conducting properties

muscle tissue

The fatty insulating material that covers and protects some nerve fibers

myelin

"The thick, muscular layer of the heart wall"

myocardium

The special sac that encloses the heart

pericardium

A layer of fibrous connective tissue around a bone

periosteum

The large, serous membrane of the abdominal cavity"

peritoneum

The membrane that covers each lung

pleura

Muscle tissue that forms the walls of the organs within the ventral body cavities

smooth muscle

A term for flat, irregular epithelial cells.

squamous

Term that describes flat, irregular epithelial cells

squamous

To bring the edges of a wound together to aid healing and reduce the size of a scar

suture

A cord of connective tissue that connects a muscle to a bone

tendon

A modified apocrine sweat gland that produces wax is the __________.

ceruminous gland

Tiny, hairlike projections from epithelium that can move dust and other foreign particles along the airways

cilia

the term for modified sweat glands at the edge of the eyelid

ciliary

The flexible white protein that makes up the main fibers in connective tissue

collagen

The stratum corneum is the deepest part of the epidermis.

false

The three types of cartilages are: hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage and collogenic cartilage.

false

The visceral layer of a serous membrane lines the wall of a cavity or sac.

false

The visceral serous membrane line the body cavities that do not open into the external environment.

false

epithelium that is arranged in many layers is described as simple

false

sebum is produced by sudoriferous glands

false

smooth muscle is voluntary

false

A band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue around muscles

fascia

The oxygen-carrying molecule in red blood cells

hemoglobin

The protein in the epidermis that thickens and protects the skin

keratin

A tendon connects a bone to another bone.

false

Skin without hair is thinner than skin with hair.

false

Sweat glands secrete sebum.

false

Sweat glands, tear glands, and sebaceous glands are all examples of endocrine glands.

false

The fibers of a neruon are ___________.

axons and dendrites

The phrase stratified squamous epithelium describes

"multiple layers of flat epithelial cells at the apical surface and more cuboidal/columnar cells towards the basal surface."

Which ONE of the following temperatures most closely approximates normal core body temperature?

98.6

Which ONE of the following best approximates the proportion of total body weight that is accounted for by the skin?

15%

Which ONE of the following best approximates the proportion of total heat loss which occurs through the skin?

80%

Sensory receptor that is a large oval structure, consisting of a dendrite wrapped in a multilayered, connective tissue capsule and adapt rapidly to stimuli and are involved in sensing pressure.

Paciinian corpuscle

a type of connective tissue that stores fat and serves as a heat insulator

adipose

Which ONE of the following is the most significant determinant of skin color?

amount of melanin produced

Which ONE of the following best describes an injury requiring deep wound healing?

an injury reaching into the dermis

A type of loose connective tissue.

areolar

Which of the following is not a type of epithelial tissue?

areolar

the fibers of a neuron are

axons and dendrites

Another name for osseous tissue.

bone

Tissue that forms when cartilage gradually becomes impregnated with calcium salts

bone

What type of muscle is depicted in the illustration? (two words)

cardiac muscle

"The tough, elastic substance found at the ends of long bones"

cartilage

The hard connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber and as a bearing surface to reduce friction between moving parts

cartilage

A term that describes long, narrow epithelial cells.

columnar

Heat is lost from the skin through which of the following processes?

conduction, convection, evaporation, radiation

A term that describes areolar tissue is

connective

These types of epithelial membranes refers to the skin covering of the surface of the body.

cutaneous membranes

The layer of skin beneath the epidermis that is responsible for the elasticity and strength of skin, supplies the epidermis with nutrients, and plays an important role in thermoregulation

dermis

The outermost part of the skin, formed by several layers of epithelial cells

epidermis

"The tissue that forms a protective covering for the body and that lines the digestive, respiratory, and urinary passages"

epithelium

Term for glands that secrete through ducts

exocrine

Endocrine glands secrete through ducts.

false

Sebum is produced by sudoriferous glands.

false

The axon of a neuron is short and has many branches.

false

The endocrine glands do NOT produce hormones.

false

The nail root, where the new nail cells are formed, is located at the distal end of the nail.

false

A tough membrane composed entirely of connective tissue that serves to anchor and support an organ or to cover a muscle

fascia

adipose tissue stores

fat

Large, flat, branching cells present in most connective tissue.

fibroblasts

Which ONE of the following cell types produces scar tissue?

fibroblasts

a sheath in which a hair develops

follicle

Which ONE of the following best approximates the time required for a cell to transition from the basal layer towards the apical layers, become keratinized, and finally be sloughed off?

four weeks

Specialized cells that function to secrete products either onto a body surface, or into the blood either directly or via a duct.

glands

Specialized groups of cells that manufacture substances from blood components

glands

In addition to melanin and carotene, what other molecule contributes towards the skin color of an individual?

hemoglobin

The study of tissues is

histology

These type of glands secrete their products by shedding whole cells.

holocrine

Endocrine glands produce

hormones

Which THREE of the following are major phases of the deep wound healing process?

inflammatory phase, maturation and remodeling phase, proliferation and migratory phase

Another name for the skin as a whole

integument

The body system that is composed of skin and its associated structures is the __________________________.

integumentary system

The result of excess production of collagen in the formation of a scar

keloid

A protein that thickens the skin and makes up hair and nails.

keratin

Which ONE of the following is the most common type of cell in the epidermis?

keratinocyte

Which of the following cell types are usually found in the epidermis? You may select more than one option.

keratinocytes, melanocytes, langerhans cells

Which ONE of the following is an immune cell routinely found in the epidermis?

langerhans cell

any wound or local injury to the skin

lesion

A strong band of connective tissue that supports a joint

ligament

The white, half-moon shaped area at the proximal end of the nail.

lunule

Which of the following is not a connective tissue membrane?

matrix

Sensory receptors that are egg-shaped, encapsulated masses of dendrites.

meissner's corpuscle

Which of the following receptors respond to vibration?

meissners corpuscles, pacinian corpuscles

The pigment that is largely responsible for skin color

melanin

The skin protection that absorbs ultraviolet radiation to protect deeper tissue from damage.

melanin

The skin cells that produce melanin

melanocytes

Any thin sheet of tissue that separates two or more structures

membrane

Which ONE of the following types of gland contributes to thermoregulation?

merocrine gland

a clear plate of dead keratinized epidermal cells that covers and protects the dorsal aspect of the finger tips and toes

nail

The supportive cells in the nervous system are collectively known as __________.

neuroglia

The scientific name for a nerve cell

neuron

Which of the following help the skin to act as a barrier to microbes?

normal flora, defensins, sweat

all of the following are types of epithelium except

oval

Alerts the brain to potentially damaging sensations or actual tissue injury

pain

Which of the following form the sublayers of the dermis?

papillary region, reticular region

The second phase in skin wound healing is called the

proliferation and migratory phase

In connective tissue, these types of fibers are very fine, and branch to form strong, supportive frameworks.

reticular fibers

A gland that produces an oily secretion on skin and hair

sabeceous gland

this skin gland secretes sebum

sebaceous glands

What is the function of the indicated structure in the illustration below?

sense pressure

Types of membranes that line the closed cavities within the body

serous membranes

The majority of heat is lost from the body through which ONE of the following organs?

skin

A term for cells in many layers.

stratified

A term that means in layers

stratified

Identify the type of epithelium depicted in the illustration. (Two words)

stratified squamous epithelium

The internal structure of the hair consists of all but the following:

stratum

a layer, as of the skin

stratum

Cells involved in the healing of the epidermis are produced by cell division occurring in which ONE of the following epidermal strata?

stratum basale

Skin layer that is a single layer of cuboidal-shaped cells on a basal membrane

stratum basale

the deepest layer of the epidermis

stratum basale

Arrange these layers of the epidermis in the correct order, from superficial to deep.

stratum corneum

The most superficial layer of the epidermis

stratum corneum

The thickened outermost layer of the epidermis is the ______________.

stratum corneum

New cells grow from the deepest layer of the epidermis, the ____________.

stratum germinativum

the third layer of the epidermis

stratum granulosum

the second layer of the epidermis

stratum lucidum

the fourth layer of the epidermis

stratum spinosum

the hypodermis is the

subcutaneous tissue

A gland that produces sweat

sudoriferous gland

A group of cells similar in structure and function

tissue

Cutaneous receptors in the skin measure which of the following sensory modalities?

touch, vibration, temperature, pressure, pain

Term for a wrinkled type of epithelium that is capable of great expansion

transitional

Intercellular is found between cells.

true

Keratin is a protein that helps to thicken the skin.

true

Smooth muscle has spindle-shaped, non-striated fibers with one central nuclei.

true

Sweat or sudoriferous glands come in two types: merocrine and apocrine.

true

The dermis is divided into two sub-layers.

true

The epidermis is composed of epithelial cells.

true

The stratum lucidum is only found in the hairless, thick skin of the fingertips, palms and soles of the feet.

true

The visceral serous membrane lines the body cavities.

true

The white, half-moon shaped area at the proximal end of the nail is called the lunule.

true

bone is a rigid connective tissue that contains calcium and phosphorous

true

periosteum is the membrane around a bone

true

Transitional epithelium is tissue that _______________.

varies in size and function

A precursor form of which ONE of the following vitamins is produced in the skin?

vitamin D

Term used to describe skeletal muscle because it is usually under conscious control

voluntary muscle

Which of the following characteristics best describe the epidermis? You may select more than one option.

waterproof, composed of several layers, superficial to the dermis, continually replenished