anatomy exam 2
The epithelial linings of tubes and spaces that are connected with the outside
mucous membranes
The secretion that traps dust and other inhaled foreign particles
mucus
A specialized tissue with both contractile and conducting properties.
muscle tissue
a specialized tissue with both contractile and conducting properties
muscle tissue
The fatty insulating material that covers and protects some nerve fibers
myelin
"The thick, muscular layer of the heart wall"
myocardium
The special sac that encloses the heart
pericardium
A layer of fibrous connective tissue around a bone
periosteum
The large, serous membrane of the abdominal cavity"
peritoneum
The membrane that covers each lung
pleura
Muscle tissue that forms the walls of the organs within the ventral body cavities
smooth muscle
A term for flat, irregular epithelial cells.
squamous
Term that describes flat, irregular epithelial cells
squamous
To bring the edges of a wound together to aid healing and reduce the size of a scar
suture
A cord of connective tissue that connects a muscle to a bone
tendon
A modified apocrine sweat gland that produces wax is the __________.
ceruminous gland
Tiny, hairlike projections from epithelium that can move dust and other foreign particles along the airways
cilia
the term for modified sweat glands at the edge of the eyelid
ciliary
The flexible white protein that makes up the main fibers in connective tissue
collagen
The stratum corneum is the deepest part of the epidermis.
false
The three types of cartilages are: hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage and collogenic cartilage.
false
The visceral layer of a serous membrane lines the wall of a cavity or sac.
false
The visceral serous membrane line the body cavities that do not open into the external environment.
false
epithelium that is arranged in many layers is described as simple
false
sebum is produced by sudoriferous glands
false
smooth muscle is voluntary
false
A band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue around muscles
fascia
The oxygen-carrying molecule in red blood cells
hemoglobin
The protein in the epidermis that thickens and protects the skin
keratin
A tendon connects a bone to another bone.
false
Skin without hair is thinner than skin with hair.
false
Sweat glands secrete sebum.
false
Sweat glands, tear glands, and sebaceous glands are all examples of endocrine glands.
false
The fibers of a neruon are ___________.
axons and dendrites
The phrase stratified squamous epithelium describes
"multiple layers of flat epithelial cells at the apical surface and more cuboidal/columnar cells towards the basal surface."
Which ONE of the following temperatures most closely approximates normal core body temperature?
98.6
Which ONE of the following best approximates the proportion of total body weight that is accounted for by the skin?
15%
Which ONE of the following best approximates the proportion of total heat loss which occurs through the skin?
80%
Sensory receptor that is a large oval structure, consisting of a dendrite wrapped in a multilayered, connective tissue capsule and adapt rapidly to stimuli and are involved in sensing pressure.
Paciinian corpuscle
a type of connective tissue that stores fat and serves as a heat insulator
adipose
Which ONE of the following is the most significant determinant of skin color?
amount of melanin produced
Which ONE of the following best describes an injury requiring deep wound healing?
an injury reaching into the dermis
A type of loose connective tissue.
areolar
Which of the following is not a type of epithelial tissue?
areolar
the fibers of a neuron are
axons and dendrites
Another name for osseous tissue.
bone
Tissue that forms when cartilage gradually becomes impregnated with calcium salts
bone
What type of muscle is depicted in the illustration? (two words)
cardiac muscle
"The tough, elastic substance found at the ends of long bones"
cartilage
The hard connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber and as a bearing surface to reduce friction between moving parts
cartilage
A term that describes long, narrow epithelial cells.
columnar
Heat is lost from the skin through which of the following processes?
conduction, convection, evaporation, radiation
A term that describes areolar tissue is
connective
These types of epithelial membranes refers to the skin covering of the surface of the body.
cutaneous membranes
The layer of skin beneath the epidermis that is responsible for the elasticity and strength of skin, supplies the epidermis with nutrients, and plays an important role in thermoregulation
dermis
The outermost part of the skin, formed by several layers of epithelial cells
epidermis
"The tissue that forms a protective covering for the body and that lines the digestive, respiratory, and urinary passages"
epithelium
Term for glands that secrete through ducts
exocrine
Endocrine glands secrete through ducts.
false
Sebum is produced by sudoriferous glands.
false
The axon of a neuron is short and has many branches.
false
The endocrine glands do NOT produce hormones.
false
The nail root, where the new nail cells are formed, is located at the distal end of the nail.
false
A tough membrane composed entirely of connective tissue that serves to anchor and support an organ or to cover a muscle
fascia
adipose tissue stores
fat
Large, flat, branching cells present in most connective tissue.
fibroblasts
Which ONE of the following cell types produces scar tissue?
fibroblasts
a sheath in which a hair develops
follicle
Which ONE of the following best approximates the time required for a cell to transition from the basal layer towards the apical layers, become keratinized, and finally be sloughed off?
four weeks
Specialized cells that function to secrete products either onto a body surface, or into the blood either directly or via a duct.
glands
Specialized groups of cells that manufacture substances from blood components
glands
In addition to melanin and carotene, what other molecule contributes towards the skin color of an individual?
hemoglobin
The study of tissues is
histology
These type of glands secrete their products by shedding whole cells.
holocrine
Endocrine glands produce
hormones
Which THREE of the following are major phases of the deep wound healing process?
inflammatory phase, maturation and remodeling phase, proliferation and migratory phase
Another name for the skin as a whole
integument
The body system that is composed of skin and its associated structures is the __________________________.
integumentary system
The result of excess production of collagen in the formation of a scar
keloid
A protein that thickens the skin and makes up hair and nails.
keratin
Which ONE of the following is the most common type of cell in the epidermis?
keratinocyte
Which of the following cell types are usually found in the epidermis? You may select more than one option.
keratinocytes, melanocytes, langerhans cells
Which ONE of the following is an immune cell routinely found in the epidermis?
langerhans cell
any wound or local injury to the skin
lesion
A strong band of connective tissue that supports a joint
ligament
The white, half-moon shaped area at the proximal end of the nail.
lunule
Which of the following is not a connective tissue membrane?
matrix
Sensory receptors that are egg-shaped, encapsulated masses of dendrites.
meissner's corpuscle
Which of the following receptors respond to vibration?
meissners corpuscles, pacinian corpuscles
The pigment that is largely responsible for skin color
melanin
The skin protection that absorbs ultraviolet radiation to protect deeper tissue from damage.
melanin
The skin cells that produce melanin
melanocytes
Any thin sheet of tissue that separates two or more structures
membrane
Which ONE of the following types of gland contributes to thermoregulation?
merocrine gland
a clear plate of dead keratinized epidermal cells that covers and protects the dorsal aspect of the finger tips and toes
nail
The supportive cells in the nervous system are collectively known as __________.
neuroglia
The scientific name for a nerve cell
neuron
Which of the following help the skin to act as a barrier to microbes?
normal flora, defensins, sweat
all of the following are types of epithelium except
oval
Alerts the brain to potentially damaging sensations or actual tissue injury
pain
Which of the following form the sublayers of the dermis?
papillary region, reticular region
The second phase in skin wound healing is called the
proliferation and migratory phase
In connective tissue, these types of fibers are very fine, and branch to form strong, supportive frameworks.
reticular fibers
A gland that produces an oily secretion on skin and hair
sabeceous gland
this skin gland secretes sebum
sebaceous glands
What is the function of the indicated structure in the illustration below?
sense pressure
Types of membranes that line the closed cavities within the body
serous membranes
The majority of heat is lost from the body through which ONE of the following organs?
skin
A term for cells in many layers.
stratified
A term that means in layers
stratified
Identify the type of epithelium depicted in the illustration. (Two words)
stratified squamous epithelium
The internal structure of the hair consists of all but the following:
stratum
a layer, as of the skin
stratum
Cells involved in the healing of the epidermis are produced by cell division occurring in which ONE of the following epidermal strata?
stratum basale
Skin layer that is a single layer of cuboidal-shaped cells on a basal membrane
stratum basale
the deepest layer of the epidermis
stratum basale
Arrange these layers of the epidermis in the correct order, from superficial to deep.
stratum corneum
The most superficial layer of the epidermis
stratum corneum
The thickened outermost layer of the epidermis is the ______________.
stratum corneum
New cells grow from the deepest layer of the epidermis, the ____________.
stratum germinativum
the third layer of the epidermis
stratum granulosum
the second layer of the epidermis
stratum lucidum
the fourth layer of the epidermis
stratum spinosum
the hypodermis is the
subcutaneous tissue
A gland that produces sweat
sudoriferous gland
A group of cells similar in structure and function
tissue
Cutaneous receptors in the skin measure which of the following sensory modalities?
touch, vibration, temperature, pressure, pain
Term for a wrinkled type of epithelium that is capable of great expansion
transitional
Intercellular is found between cells.
true
Keratin is a protein that helps to thicken the skin.
true
Smooth muscle has spindle-shaped, non-striated fibers with one central nuclei.
true
Sweat or sudoriferous glands come in two types: merocrine and apocrine.
true
The dermis is divided into two sub-layers.
true
The epidermis is composed of epithelial cells.
true
The stratum lucidum is only found in the hairless, thick skin of the fingertips, palms and soles of the feet.
true
The visceral serous membrane lines the body cavities.
true
The white, half-moon shaped area at the proximal end of the nail is called the lunule.
true
bone is a rigid connective tissue that contains calcium and phosphorous
true
periosteum is the membrane around a bone
true
Transitional epithelium is tissue that _______________.
varies in size and function
A precursor form of which ONE of the following vitamins is produced in the skin?
vitamin D
Term used to describe skeletal muscle because it is usually under conscious control
voluntary muscle
Which of the following characteristics best describe the epidermis? You may select more than one option.
waterproof, composed of several layers, superficial to the dermis, continually replenished
