Anatomy Exam # 2
define pronation and supination. at which joints do these movements occur?
Pronation is a medial rotation of the forarm such that the palm faces prosteriorly (palm down). supination is lateral rotation of the forearm such that palm faces anteriory (palm up).
The greater and lesser tubercles are located on the ... (a) Humerus (b)hipbone (c)femur (d)ankle (e)tibia
(a ) Humerus
Name all the movements that occur at these joints: (a) elbow (b) HIP (c)Dorsiflexion & plantarflexion (d)atlantoaxial joint (e)metacarpophalangeal joint
(a) elbow; Flexion and extension (b) HIP; flexion/ extension, adduction/abduction, medial/lateral, circumducation (c)Dorsiflexion & plantarflexion occur at the ankle (d)atlantoaxial joint; Flexion/extension (e)metacarpophalangeal joint; Flexion/extension, adduction/abduction, circumduction.
Most nerve fibers to synovial joints (a)monitor how much the capsule is stretched (b)supply the articular cartilages (c)causes the joint to move (d)monitor pain when the capsule is injured
(a) monitor how much the capsule is streched
Describe the location of each of the following bone features: (a)Greater trochanter (b)Linea aspera (c) trochlea (d) coronoid
(a)Greater trochanter; at the junction of the shaft and neck of the femur (b) Linea aspera; long vertical ridges of femur (c) trochlea; at the distal end of the humerus are two condyles a medial trochea that articules with ulna (d)coronoid; seperated by a deep concavity process (e) deltoid tuberosity; lateral side of humerus (f)greater tubercle; lateral end of humerus (g)greater sciatic notch; lateral end of hip bone
(a) which body regoins do anatomists call the arm & leg (b)which digit is located on the medial side of the hand?
(a)arm& leg: leg is tibia & femur (b)pinky
Characteristics of a symphysis include (a)presence of a fibrocartilage (b)ability to resist large compression and tension stresses (c) presence of a joint cavity (d) very high mobility (e)both a and b
(a)presence of a fibrocartilage (b)ability to resist large compression and tension stresses
Which of the following bony features is not in or near the hip joint (a)acetabulum (b)sacral promontory (c)greater trochanter (d) Neck of femur
(b) Sacral promontory
From the list of bones given indicate all those that have a styloid process. (a)clavicle (b)scapula (c)radius (d) ulna (e)tibia (f)fibula
(b) scapula (f) fibula (d) ulna
Herniated invertvertebral discs tend to herniate (a) superiorly (b)anterolaterally (c) posterolaterally (d) laterally
(c) Posterolaterally
The lateral malleolus is the (a)proximal portion (b)distal protion of tibia (c)distal portion of fibula (d)proximal portion of ulna (e)bone in the middle ear cannal
(c) distal protion of the Fibula
(ch 9 3)In general, the most important factors determining the stability of the synovial joints is. (a)interlocking shapes of the articular surfaces (b) reinforcing ligaments (c) Ligaments and muscles (d) Synovial fluid, which acts like glue (e) the bodys wrapping of skin
(c) ligaments
The scaphoid and lunate articulate with the ..(a) metacarpals (b)radius&ulna (c)radius (d) tibia (e)trapezium
(c) radius
Which of the bones listed does not have a head ? (a)radius (b)femur (c) ulna (d) Tibia (e)Fibula
(d) Tibia
Which of the following bony features is not near or in the shoulder joint? (a) Acromion (b)Greater trubricle (c)glenoid cavity (d)anatomical neck of humerous (e)deltoid tuberosity
(e) deltoid tuberosity
synovial joints have; (a)articular facet (b)a joint cavity (c)a lubrieant (d)anarticular capsule (e) all of these
(e)all of these
List three differences between female & male pelvis.
* Female is tilted foward; adapted for child bearing; true pelvis defines the birth canal; cavity of a true pelvis is broad, shallow, and larger male is tilted, heavier for muscle narrow/deep. *female smaller/ farther apart wider, male is larger/closer *female is oval shapes male is a narrow heart shaped.
Which forearm bone forms part of the elbow joint? which forms the wrist?
* Ulna = part of the elbow *radius = wrist
classify each of the joints named in question 6 according to joint shape. For each joint, lindicate whether it is uniaxial, biaxial, or multiaxial.
* the elbow is a axial joint *Hip is multiaxial ball/socket joint *the atlantoaxial joint is the uniaxial pivot joint * the metacarpophalangeal is a biaxial pivot joint
On which bone is each of the following features locaed: Lateral malleuos, Linea aspera, lesser trochanter, fibular notch, talar shelf, tibial tuberosity?
* the lateral malleuos is on the Fibula *the linea of aspera is on the femur *the lesser trochanter is on the femur *the fibular notch is on the tibia *the talar shelf is on the calcaneus *the tibial tuberosity is on the tibia
How does an articular discs differ from articular cartilage ?
*An articular disc is composed of Fibrocartilage. within joint cavity. * Articular cartilage is composed of hyaline cartilage (synovial joints)
For each of the features listed, identify (a) the bone each is located on and (b) the bone that each articulates with;Capitulum, trochlear notch, head of the ulna, radial notch.
*Capitulum; is on the Humerous and articulates with the radius. *Trochlear notch; is on the ulna and articulates with trochlear notch *head of ulna; is on the ulna articulates with ulna notch of radius *Radial notch on radius; and articulates with head of radius.
List two specific structural characteristics each for cervical, thoracic, lumbar vert, that would enable anyone to identifiy each type correctly.
-Cervical: C1/C2 are unusual no invertebrae discs lie between them superior and tansverse foramen, vertebral blood vessels pass -Thoracic: superior/ inferior costal facets articulate with ribs -Lumbar: weigh bearing functio, spinous processes attach to large back muscles, superior articular facets / inferior provide stability -Sacrum:prosterior to pelvis, L5 superior articular processes, four transverse ridges: fusion of the sacral vertebrae.
For each of the following feature listed name the bone that contains the feature. -Crista galli: -Mastoid process: -nuchal line: -Supraorbital foramen: -zygomatic process: -sella turcica:
-Crista galli: ethmoid bone -Mastoid process: temporal bone -nuchal line: occipital bone -Supraorbital foramen: frontal bone -zygomatic process: temporal bone -sella turcica: sphenoid bone
List the six features common to all synovial joints.
1. Articular cartilage 2. joints cavity 3. articular capsule 4. synovial fluid 5. reinforcing ligaments 6. Nerve & vessels
Which bones form the nasal conchae? what is the function of these structures?
Ethmoid bone, inferior nasal conchae
What type of cartilage are found is a symphysis joint? Name location and joint type
A symphysis contains both both hyaline cartilage, which covers the articular joint surfaces, and fibrocartilage which units the adjoining bones. Symphysis joints are found between the vertebral bodies(vertebrae discs) and joining pubic bones ( pubic symphysis)
Name one feature that is unique for all cervical vertabrae
All cervical vertabrae have transverse foramina.
Describe where the four major fontanelles are located in relation to the major sutures of the skull.
Anterior fontanelle (frontal/coronal) prosterior fontanelle ( lambdoid) sphenoid fontanelle (squamous suture) mastoid fontanelle (occipitalmastoid suture)
match synovial joint to funcion (a)articular cartilage (b)ligaments & fibrous layer of capsule (c)synovial fluid (d)muscle tendon __1)keeps bone ends from crushing when compressed;resilient __2)resist tensions placed on joints __3)lubricant that minimizes friction and abrasion of surface joints __4)helps prevent dislocaqtion
Articular cartilage, synovial 1)keeps bone ends from crushing when compressed;resilient Ligaments7fibrous layer capsule, muscle tendon 2)resist tensions placed on joints causes the joint to move 3)lubricant that minimizes friction and abrasion of surface joints ligaments & fibrous layer of capsule, muscle tendon 4)helps prevent dislocation
Name and diagram the four normal vertebral curvatures which are primary and which are secondary?
Cervical 2nd thoracic (p) lumbar 2nd sacrococcygeal curves (p)
which of the following bones that form the orbit are cranial bones? which are facial bones?
Cranial bones contributing to the orbit are the frontal, sphenoid and ethmoid, the facial bones that contribute to the orbit are the lacrymal, maxillary, zygomatic, and palantine bone.
Which paranasal sinuses are located along the lateral walls of the nasal cavity? what type of membrane lines all the paranasal sinuses?
Ethmoid air cells and maxillary sinuses are located in the lateral walls of the nasal cavity. all sinuses are lines are lines with mucous membrane
1) articulates with the acetabulum and tibia 2)its malleolus forms the lateral aspect of the ankle 3) Bone that articulates with the carpal bones of the wrist 4)the wrist bone 5)bone shaped much like a monkey wrench 6) articulates with the capitulum of the humerus 7) largest bone is the caleanues
Femur 1) articulates with the acetabulum and tibia Fibula 2)its malleolus forms the lateral aspect of the ankle radius 3) Bone that articulates with the carpal bones of the wrist Carpals 4)the wrist bone ulna 5)bone shaped much like a monkey wrench radius 6) articulates with the capitulum of the humerus tarsals 7) largest bone is the caleanues
match joints; (a) fibrous (b)cartilaginous joints, (c)synovial joints __1)have no joint cavity __2)types are sutures and syndesmoses __3)dense connective tissue fills the space between bones __4)almost all joints of the skull __5)types are synchondroses and symphyses __6)all are diarthroses __7) the most common type of joints in the body __8)nearly all are synarthrotic __9) shoulder, hip, knee, and elbow joint
Fibrous, cartilaginous 1)have no joint cavity Fibrous 2)types are sutures and syndesmoses fibrous 3)dense connective tissue fills the space between bones fibrous 4)almost all joints of the skull cartilagious 5)types are synchondroses and symphyses synovial 6)all are diarthroses synovial7) the most common type of joints in the body fibrous,cartilaginous 8)nearly all are synarthrotic synovial9) shoulder, hip, knee, and elbow joint
The only rib whose shaft is flatt ended in the horizontal plane, instead of vertically is the (a)First rib (b) seventh rib (c) eleventh rib ( d) twelve rib
First rib
In the forearm, the radius is the _____bone; therefore, the radial notch of the ulna points_____.
In the forearm, the radius is the Lateral bone; therefore, the radial notch of the ulna points Laterally.
Name the bones that are located in the palm of the hand.
Metacarpals
Match; __1)Bone of the axial skeleton to which the pectoral girdle attaches __2)its features include the glenoid cavity and acromion __3) its features include the ala,crest,and greater sciatic notch __4)membranous bone that transmits its forces from upper limb to thoracic cage __5)Bone of the pelvic gridle that articulates with the sacrum. __6)Bone that bears weight during sitting __7)most anterior ferior bone of the pelvic girdle __8)bone of the axial skeleton that contributes to the pelvic girdle
Sternum 1) bone of the axial skeleton to which the pectoral girdle attahces Scapula 2) its features include the glenoid cavity ilium 3)its features include the ala,crest, and greater sciatic notch clavicle 4)membranous bone that transmits forces from upper limb to thoracic cage ilium 5)Bone of the pelvic girdle that articulates with the sacrum. ischium 6)bone that bears weight during sitting Pubis 7)most anterior inferior bone of the pelvic girdle sacrum 8) bone of the axial skeleton that contribute to the pelvic girdle.
(1 ch 9) Define each of the following terms: Synarthrosis, syndesmosis, synchondrosis
Synarthrosis: is an immovable joint, this is a functional classification Syndesmoses; is a fibrous joint where the adjoining bones are connected exclusivly by ligaments Synchondrosis: is a cartilaginous joint where hyaline cartilage unites adjoining bones. Syndesmosis and synchrondrosis are considered structeral classifications
What are functions of synovial fluid?
Synovial fluid nurishes the cells of articular cartilage and lubricates the joint surfaces.
How can you distinguish thoracic vertebra T12 from L1
T12 contains costal facets on its vertabral body L1 does not have facets
which part of the scapula articulates with the calvicle?
The Acromion articulates with the scapula
Name the specific part of the hip bone that bears your weight when you sit?
The Ischial tubercles
Which portion of the invertebral discs expands under compression? which portion resist twisting forces?
The Nucleus pulposus, the innercore of the invertebral discs, expands under compression. the anulus fibrocartilage resist twisting forces.
(12) What specific feature of the hipbone articulates with the head of the femur?
The acetabelum of the hipbone articulates with the femur.
What are the alveolar processes and on which bones are they located?
The alveolar processes are the superior margin of the mandible and the inferior margin of the maxillae that contain teeth in the alveoli sockets
What is the difference between the anatomical neck and the surgical neck of humerus?
The anatomical neck of the humerus is just inferior to the head; it is the area where the diaphysis joins with the proximal epiphysis. The surgical neck, the most frequently fractured region of the humerus, is inferiorto the greater and lesser tubercles.
How is the pectoral girdle attached to the axial skeleton?
The only bony attachment between the pectoral girdle and the axial skeleton is the clavicle joining with the sternum and rib
of the shoulder, elbow, or wrist, which joint is the most stable?which is the least stable?
The elbow is the most stable, shoulder is the least stable.
What is the keystone of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot? How do the arches of the foot distribute body weight?
The anterior portion of the talus is a keystone of the medial longitudinal arch. The arches distribute weight.
why do invertebral discs usually herniate in the prosterolateral direction?
The anulus fibrous is the thinnest proterioly but the prosterior longitudinal ligaments prevent direct prosterior longitudinal ligaments prevent prosterior herniation, thus most herniations occur in the posterolateral direction
Both sternoclavicular and temporomadibular joints contain an articular disc. what is the function of this disc in each of these joints?
The articular discs in the sternocavicular and temporomandibular joints divide each joint cavity and enable multiple complex movments of each joint.
What structures from the two bony "Bumps" on the side of your ankle?
The bony bumps on your ankle are formed by the medial malleous of the tibia and the lateral malleuos of the fibula
define and distuinguish between the true pelvis/ false pelvis?
The false pelvis is superior to the pelvic brim, is apart of abdomen. true pelvis lies inferior to pelvic brim, contain pelvic organs.
How does the structure of the pubic arch, the greater sciatic notch, and the sacrum differ between males and females?
The female arch is broader in females than in males; The greater sciatic notch is wider sacrum is also wider.
Name the bones that form the anterior cranial fossa.
The frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bone form the cranial fossa
Which bones or bony process form the pard palate?
The hard palate is formed from the horizontal plates of the palantine bones and palantine processes of the maxillae.
what specific features of the thoracic vertebrae articulate with the head of the rib? where does the tubercle of a rib articulate?
The head of the rib articulates with the superior and inferior costal facets of a thoracic vertebrae. the turbercle of the ribarticulates with the transverse costal facet.
What does the superior articular process of a vertebra articulate with ?
The inferior articular process of the vertebra.
which other joints described in this chapter contains articular discs?
The knee contains articular discs
Which bone forms the anterior portion of the pelvic bone?
The pubis forms the anterior portion of the pelvic bone
In Anatomical position, which foramen bone is located laterally?
The radius is on the lateral side of the foramen. The ulna is medial in anatomical position.
Define the sternal angle. wich rib articulates with the sternum at this landmark?
The sternal angle, is a horizontal ridge across the anterior surface of the sternum where the manubrium joins the body. this fibrocartilage joint acts like a hinge.
Describe how a typical true rib (T5) articulates with both the vertebrae column and sternum
The superior seven pairs attach directly to the sternum by their costal facets
(16 ch 8) Lance was a bright anatomy student, but he sometimes called the leg bone "fibia" and "tibula" correct this common mistake
Tiba Fibula
Name all the bones that articulate with the maxilla.
Zygomatic, vomar, palatine, nasal, frontal, lacrimal, ethmoid, inferior nasal concha.
Match ___1) No spinous process (a) atlas only __2)transverse foramen (b) axis only ___3) superior articular facets (c) cervical vertebrae ___4) dens process (d) thoracic vertebrae ___5)transverse costal facets (e) Lumbar vertebrae ___6) kidney shaped body (f) all vertebrae ___7)forked spinous process ___8) circular vertrabral foramen __9)transversen process _10)articular facets directed medially/ laterally
__a_1) No spinous process (a) atlas _c2)transverse foramen (b) axis only __f_3) superior articular facets (c) cervical vertebrae _b_4) dens process (d) thoracic vertebrae _d__5)transverse costal facets (e) Lumbar vertebrae _e_6) kidney shaped body (f) all vertebrae _C C1 except 7_7)forked spinous process _d_8) circular vertrabral foramen _f9)transversen process _e10)articular facets directed medially/ laterally
Match : _______1) Bones by the coronal suture (a) ethmoid _____2)key stone bone of cranium (b) Frontal ______3)keystone bone of the face (c)mandible ______4) Bones that contain the hard palate (d)maxillary ______5)Bone that contain the foramen magnum (e)occipital _______6) forms chin (f) palantine _______7) contain paranasal sinuses (g)parietal _______8) contains mastoid air cells (h) sphenoid (i) temporal
__b,g__1) Bones by the coronal suture (a) ethmoid _h__2)key stone bone of cranium (b) frontal _d__3)keystone bone of the face (c) mandible _d,f__4) Bones that contain the hard palate (d) maxillary __e_5)Bone that contain the foramen magnum (e) occi ___c__6) forms chin (f) palantine a,b,d,h_7) contain paranasal sinuses (g) parietal __i_8) contains mastoid air cells (h) sphenoid (i) temporal
match __1) ethmoid bone (a) hypoglassal canal __2) maxillary bone (b) foramen ovale __3)sphenoid bone (c) external acoustic meatus __4)occipital bone (d) infraorbital foramen __5) temporal bone (e) cribiform foramina
_e_1) ethmoid bone (a) hypoglassal canal _d_2) maxillary bone (b) foramen ovale _b_3)sphenoid bone (c) external acoustic meatus _a_4)occipital bone (d) infraorbital foramen _c_5) temporal bone (e) cribiform foramina
is the foramen magnum is where food goes ?
false
Is flaoting true or false?
false it doesnt attach to cartilage
When you place your hands on your "hips" what structure are you resting your hands upon?
hands are resting on your iliac crest
Indicate joints __1) medial meniscus __2)anular ligament of the radius __3)saddle joint __4)articular disc __5)rotator cuffm __6)anterior cruciate ligament __7)deltoid ligament __8)ulnar collateral ligament __9)collateral ligament
knee joint 1) medial meniscus elbow joint 2)anular ligament of the radius sternocleidomastoid joint 3)saddle joint sterno, temporomandibular j knee j 4)articular disc shoulder j5)rotator cuffm knee j6)anterior cruciate ligament ankle j7)deltoid ligament elbow j, wrist j8)ulnar collateral ligament knee j9)collateral ligament
The parts of the sternum that articulate at the steranl angle are.. (a) xiphoid & body (b) xiphoid & manubrium (c) manubrium & body (d) second rib
maubrium & body
Classify each of the synovial joints listed as one of the following: (a)plane joint (b)hinge joint (c)pivot joint (d)condylar joint (e)saddle j (f)ball-and-socket joint __1)proximal radioulnar joint __2)trapezium and meta 1 __3)knee (tribiofemoral) __4)metacarpophalangeal joint __5)wrist joint __6)atlantoccipital joint __7)atlantoaxial joint __8)sternocostal joints, ribs 2-7 __9)intervertebral joints (between articular process) __10)acromioclavicular
pivot joint 1)proximal radioulnar joint saddle joint 2)trapezium and meta 1 knee joint 3)knee (tribiofemoral) knee(tribiofemoral) 4)metacarpophalangeal joint condylar joint 5)wrist joint condylar joint 6)atlantoccipital joint pivot joint 7)atlantoaxial joint plane joint 8)sternocostal joints, ribs 2-7 plane joint 9)intervertebral joints (between articular process) plane joint 10)acromioclavicular
Which four bones articulate with the left parietal bone? Name the sutures that join these bones to the left parietal bone.
the four bones... Left/Right is the saggitial suture - Frontal bone=Cornal suture -left temporal bone=squamous suture -occipital=Lambdoid suture
which skull bones form as two individual bones that fuse during childhood to form a single bone adult?
the frontal bone and mandible form as two individual bones that fuse during childhood.
What part of the vertebrae form the median sacral crest?
the fused spinous processes of the sacral vertebra form the median sacral crest.
The articular surfaces of the knee contribute little to the stability of this joint. what additional structoral features aidin stabolizing the knee?
the medial/lateral meniscus of the knee joint aid in stability, muscles/hamstrings.
what structures contribute most to stablility of the shoulder joint?
the muscle tendons that cross the shoulder contribute most to its stability.
When and how do secondary curvatures of the vertabrae column develope?
the secondary curvatures, the secondary lumbar and cervical curvatures and develope within the first two years.
Name the fossae of the scapula, and describe their location.
the three fossae of the scapula are the supraspinous fossa, "above" the scapular spine: *Infraspinous fossa(below) and the *Subscapularfossa(beneath)