Anatomy Exam 3 Heart Parts

The length of a typical adult heart is ______

12.5 cm (5 inches)

The ______ surface consists primarily of the right atrium and right ventricle

Anterior (sternocostal)

On the anterior and posterior surfaces of the heart, the external boundaries of the ventricles are indicated by shallow grooves known as

Anterior and posterior interventricular sulci

The ______ is the only artery to carry oxygenated blood in the circulatory system

Aorta

The large artery which carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the tissues of the body

Aorta

What heart structures lie directly under the sternum

Aorta, superior and inferior vena cava

The series of three tissue folds about the lumen of the aorta near its origin from the left ventricle. Similar to the valves in the pulmonary trunk it prevents blood from reentering the heart during left ventricular relaxation (diastole)

Aortic semilunar valve

The ______ is the inferior, rounded portion of the heart

Apex

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called

Arteries

The three sections of the aorta are the ______, ______, ______. Another name for the ______ section is also called the aortic arch

Ascending, transverse, descending; transverse

The dorsal chambers of the heart that receive blood from the tissues of the body and propel it to the ventricles

Atria

The general name for the one way valve between an atrium and a ventricle

Atrioventricular (AV) valve

The ______ is the broad, superior portion of the heart

Base

The first major arterial branch of the aorta is the

Brachiocephalic (innominate)

The tendinous cords which attach the papillary muscles to the cusps of the semilunar valves. The combined action of the papillary muscles and the chordae tendineae is to anchor the cusps of the atrioventricular valves to prevent their reflux into the atria during ventricular contraction. These cords are called the

Chordae tendinae

The superior end of the right ventricle tapers to a smooth walled cone shaped pouch called the ______. This leads into the pulmonary semilunar valve.

Conus arteriosus

Vessels that arise from the aorta in association with the semilunar valves. They course along the heart's external surface in the groove between the atria and ventricles and supply the heart muscle with blood

Coronary arteries

Vessels that supply the cardiac muscle of the heart with oxygen are called the

Coronary arteries

A vein which specifically returns blood from the heart muscle to the right atrium is the ______. It is located medial to the orifice (opening) of the inferior vena cava.

Coronary sinus

The atria are separated from the ventricles by a fat-filled groove called the ______

Coronary sulcus

Vessels that return deoxygenated blood from the heart to the coronary sinus are called the

Coronary veins

White, flap-like structure that creates an AV Valve

Cusp

The posterior and inferior walls of the left ventricle form much of the sloping posterior surface called the

Diaphragmatic (posterior) surface

The endothelial lining of the heart

Endocardium

The ______ lines the fibrous pericardium and covers the heart

Epicardium

The layer of visceral pericardium that forms the external surface of the heart

Epicardium

The ______ attaches superiorly to the great vessels about the heart and inferiorly to the diaphragm

Fibrous pericardium

The dense network of connective tissue fibers that reinforces the myocardium internally

Fibrous skeleton

The pericardium is composed of two layers called the ______ and the ______

Fibrous; serous

A depression in the interarterial wall is called the ______. It marks the location of the ______, an opening between the fetal atria

Fossa ovalis; foramen ovale

The _______ border is formed by the inferior wall of the right ventricle

Inferior

The partition that separated the two atria is the

Interatrial septum (wall)

A thick muscular partition that separates the two ventricles is the

Interventricular septum

The heart points ______ at an ______ angle

Laterally; oblique

The heart is rotated slightly toward the ______

Left

The heart lies directly to the ______ of midline

Left

The left ventricle and a small portion of the left atrium form the ______ border

Left

In the cat, the second major arterial branch off of the aorta is the ______. This is not the same as the human heart where one finds a third artery in between the two vessels found in the cat. This third vessel in the human is the ______.

Left subclavian; less common carotid

A fibrous band that is the remnant of a fetal blood vessel attaches the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch. This band is called the

Ligamentum arteriosum

The heart is located in the ______ between the two lungs

Mediastinum

A band of ventricular muscle that extends from the Interventricular septum and to the anterior wall of the right ventricle and the base of the papillary muscle. This band is called the

Moderator band

The middle layer of the heart that is primarily cardiac muscle

Myocardium

The specialized cardiac muscle to which the cusps of the atrioventricular valve are attached

Papillary muscle

The part of the serous pericardium that lines the fibrous pericardium and secretes fluid into the pericardial cavity

Parietal pericardium

The atria have bundles of muscle fibers that look like combs. These are called

Pectinate muscles

The space between the parietal and visceral pericardia is called the

Pericardial cavity

The collective name for the connective tissue-epithelial membranes about the heart is called the

Pericardium

Why is it important that these specific structures (question #30) lie underneath the bone? Consider structure and function

Protection; aorta pumps blood to the rest of the body and both vena cava supply blood back to the heart so the blood can be oxygenated again. Both important structures that the heart needs to survive and the body overall needs oxygenated blood to survive

What are the structures that comprise the systemic circuit and its pump?

Pulmonary Veins Left Atrium Bicuspid Valve Left Ventricle Semilunar Valve Ascending Aorta Transverse Aorta Descending Aorta

The ______ is the only artery to carry deoxygenated blood in the circulatory system

Pulmonary artery

The series of three tissue folds about the lumen of the pulmonary artery near its origin form the right ventricle. It prevents blood form flowing back into the right ventricle during right ventricular relaxation (diastole)

Pulmonary semilunar valve

The large artery which exits the right ventricle of the heart ______. Shortly after leaving the right ventricle, it divides into two ______ which carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Pulmonary trunk; pulmonary arteries

The four vessels which return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

Pulmonary veins

The ______ is located between the right atrium and right ventricle. It consists of ______ cusps, papillary muscles, and chordae tendinae which prevent backflow of blood into the right atrium during right ventricular contraction. It is called the ______ valve

Right atrioventricular valve; three; tricuspid

The right border is formed by only the ______

Right atrium

The border formed by the inferior wall of the right atrium ______

Right border

General name for the one way valves located in the major vessels that leave the right and left ventricles

Semilunar valves

The right and left atria and the major vessels form the ______ border

Superior

What are the structures that comprise the pulmonary circuit and its pump?

Superior and inferior vena cava Coronary sinus Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right ventricle Pulmonary trunk Pulmonary arteries Lungs

______ is the pulsating organ that pumps blood throughout body located in the center of the pleural underneath the sternum and surrounded by the lungs.

The heart

Describe the differences in size of the two ventricles. Why are they different?

The left ventricle has thicker walls than the right because it needs to pump blood to most of the body while the right ventricle fills only the lungs

Irregular ridges in the internal walls of the ventricles are called the

Trabecular carneae

Vessels that carry blood to the heart are called

Veins

The left border is formed by the left ______ and a small portion of the left ______ extending to the apex

Ventricle; atrium

The two ventral chambers of the heart that have thick muscular walls and pump blood to the tissues of the body

Ventricles

The ______ covers the external surface of the heart. It is continuous with the parietal pericardium and also secretes a watery fluid into the pericardial cavity.

Visceral pericardium

Each atrium bears a scalloped expanded region that is called the ______. The purpose of this structure is to ______

auricle (atrial appendage); increase the blood holding capacity of the atrium.

The left atrioventricular valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle. Similar in structure to the right valve, it consists of ______ cusps, papillary muscles, and chordae tendineae which prevent backflow of blood into the left atrium during left ventricular contraction. It is called the ______ or ______ valve.

two; bicuspid, mitral

The large veins which return blood from the tissues to the right atrium of the heart are known as the ______. The ______ returns blood from the head, neck, and upper appendages; whereas the ______ returns blood from the lower appendages and the abdominal region.

venae cavae; cranial (superior) vena cava; caudal (inferior) vena cava