Anatomy Exam
the epidermal layer of the skin
is made up of keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue
the stratum lucidum
is present only in thick skin
which of the following best describes the epiphyseal plate?
it is made of cartilage and found towards the ends of the long bone
how would a drug that competes with acetylcholine for receptors at the motor end plate affect skeletal muscle?
it would cause flaccid paralysis
how would blocking the activity of acetylcholinesterase affect skeletal muscles?
it would cause spastic paralysis
this epidermal cell has a role in immunity and disease resistance
langerhans cells
The ribs ________ to the sternum
lateral
this directional term means farther from the midline
lateral
in an isometric contraction the muscle develops tension but does not
lengthen
when the epiphyseal growth plate is replaced by bone
long bones are at adult length
which of the following functions is red marrow most associated with ?
manufacture of red blood cells
the cells in a hair follicle that are responsible for forming hair are
matrix cells
albinism is the inherited inability to produce
melanin
this pigment is secreted by specialized cells in the skin is capable of absorbing ultraviolet light
melanin
which of the following chemicals does not contribute to the color of human skin?
melatonin
this is the sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body
metabolism
this is the region of long bone found between the diaphysis and the epiphysis
metaphysis
this plane divides the body into equal right and left halves
midsagittal
myology refers to the scientific study of
muscles
cross bridges are formed during muscle contraction when ________on the thick filament binds to _____________on the thin filaments.
myosin, actin
which of the following structures found in the skin help prevent water loss and inhabit bacterial growth on the surface of the skin.
oil glands
Which of the following correctly list the levels of the structural organization in the human body from largest to smallest?
organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cellular, chemical
the production of new bone tissue is accomplished by
osteoblast
cells that break down bone possibly leading to osteoporosis later in life are known as
osteoclast
as aging occurs, ____________activity exceeds ________activity resulting in bones demineralizing
osteoclast, osteoblast
thick skin can be found on the
palms
using your fingers to find your pulse on your wrist is an example of
palpation
this cavity is located inferior to the abdominal cavity
pelvic cavity
which cavity contains the heart
pericardial cavity
the lungs are located in the
pleural cavity
which of the following is a common characteristic of thin skin
presence of sebaceous glands
which of the following is not a major function of muscle tissue?
production of vitamins
a person whose genetic makeup makes them a better marathon runner than a sprinter probably has more ________in their leg muscle
red muscle fibers
Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of functions of the kidneys?
renal physiology
the functional unit of the skeletal muscle (myofibrils) is the
sarcomere
this type of exocrine gland is simple, branched gland connected to a hair follicle
sebaceous gland
this is a mixture of triglycerides, cholestrol, proteins, and inorganic salts.
sebum
the type of muscle fiber that is best adapted for endurance is the
slow twitch fiber
which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?
sphenoid
which of the following is a flat bone?
sternum
the layer of the epidermis that contains stem cells undergoing divisions is the
stratum basale
this directional term is the opposite of deep.
superficial
the heart is ________ to the liver
superior
a transverse plane will cut a body or organ into
superior and inferior portions
which of the following structures found in the skin plays an important role in the thermoregulation
sweat glands
to stimulate skeletal muscle contraction, acetylcholine must cross the ______________of the neuromuscular junction and bind to receptors on the motor end plate.
synaptic cleft
a cord of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
tendon
the darker an individual's skin color
the more melanin their melanocytes produce
action potentials are conducted through (inside) the skeletal muscle fiber by
transverse tubules
what regulatory proteins can be found in the thin filaments of skeletal muscle fibers ?
tropomyosin and troponin
at rest, active sites on the active are blocked by
tropomyosin-troponin complex
which of the following is an irregular bone?
vertebrae
an important vitamin that is formed in the skin when it is exposed to sunlight is
vitamin D
the medullary cavity of the long bones in adults contains
yellow marrow
there are _____ bones in a human adult body skeleton
206
an example of an activity that requires aerobic endurance is
3-mile run
Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the front of the elbow?
Antecubital
the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle fibers is used for storing
CA2+
which if the following regions of a sarcomere contain thin filament
I band
Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the groin?
Inguinal
during muscle contraction by the sliding filament mechanism, thin filaments are pulled towards the
M line
Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of the functional properties of nerve cells?
Neurophysiology
Which of the following represents the largest and most complex level of structural organization in the human body?
Organismal level
Which of the following structures or regions could you clearly see when you are viewing the anterior side of an individual standing in the standard anatomical position?
Palm of the hand
Which subspecialty of anatomy deals with the study of structural changes associated with disease?
Pathological anatomy
Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of functional changes associated with disease and aging?
Pathophysiology
which of the following best describes events that lead to the tanning of skin that occurs after exposure of the skin to the sun's UV radiation?
UV radiation stimulates increased production of melanin by melanocytes
Which of the following is a safe non-invasive imaging technique that uses the reflection of high frequency sound waves off of the body tissues to visualize a fetus during pregnancy?
Ultrasound scanning
the effects on aging on the skin include
a decline in the activity of sebaceous glands
the stomach is located in the
abdominal cavity
accessory structures of the skin include
all of the above
the skin in humans
all of the above
why would an elderly person be more prone to skin infections than a younger person?
all of the above
which of the following regions of a sarcomere contain thick filament?
all of these answer choices are correct
myofibrils contain
all of these answers are correct
characteristics of thick skin include
all of these choices are correct
the dermis of the skin
all the above
the skin functions as
all the above
the sternum is _______to the heart
anterior
which of the following is not a property of muscular tissue?
autorythmicity
which of the following correctly lists the sequence of structures that action potentials must move through to excite skeletal muscle contraction?
axon of neuron, sarcolemma, T-tubules
exposure of the skin to ultraviolet light
both A and D
all of the following are important for long bone growth except
carbohydrates
which of the following bones is part of the appendicular skeleton?
carpals
these glands secrete ear wax to help keep foreign particles out of the external ear canal
ceruminous
fast twitch muscle fibers (white muscle)
contract quickly
"goosebumps" are caused by
contraction of arrector pili muscles
you stepped on a nail. list the sequential layers (or strata) of the epidermis that the nail penetrated through to finally reach the dermis
corneum, lucidum, granulosom, spinosum, basale
the brain is located in
cranial cavity
Muscle soreness felt 12-48 hours after an extensive workout is known as __________ and occurs as a result of __________
delayed onset muscle soreness, microscopic muscular damage
this directional term means farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk or farther from the origination of a structure
distal
Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of the chemical regulators in the blood?
endocrinology
this is the inner most layer of connective tissue that penetrates the inferior of each fascicle and separates individual muscle fibers from one another
endomysium
Which of the following noninvasive diagnostic techniques is an example of inspection?
examining the surface of patient's skin for presence of a rash.
Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of changes in organ functions due to muscular activity?
exercise physiology
this is the the property of muscle that gives is the ability to stretch without damage
extensibility
which of the following is a long bone?
femur
which term or condition in characterized by a loss of muscle tone?
flaccid paralysis
percussion techniques can be used to detect
fluid in the lungs
this plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.
frontal
when the arrector pili muscles contract
goosebumps are formed
this is the condition of equilibrium (balance) in the body's internal environment
homeostasis
Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of the body's defense against disease-causing agents?
immunology
when a person's body becomes too warm, how does the integumentary system work with other body systems to maintain homeostasis?
increased secretion of perspiration helps cool the body
the following are stages in the regeneration of skin following a deep wound injury
inflammation, migration, proliferation, maturation.