Anatomy Exam

the epidermal layer of the skin

is made up of keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue

the stratum lucidum

is present only in thick skin

which of the following best describes the epiphyseal plate?

it is made of cartilage and found towards the ends of the long bone

how would a drug that competes with acetylcholine for receptors at the motor end plate affect skeletal muscle?

it would cause flaccid paralysis

how would blocking the activity of acetylcholinesterase affect skeletal muscles?

it would cause spastic paralysis

this epidermal cell has a role in immunity and disease resistance

langerhans cells

The ribs ________ to the sternum

lateral

this directional term means farther from the midline

lateral

in an isometric contraction the muscle develops tension but does not

lengthen

when the epiphyseal growth plate is replaced by bone

long bones are at adult length

which of the following functions is red marrow most associated with ?

manufacture of red blood cells

the cells in a hair follicle that are responsible for forming hair are

matrix cells

albinism is the inherited inability to produce

melanin

this pigment is secreted by specialized cells in the skin is capable of absorbing ultraviolet light

melanin

which of the following chemicals does not contribute to the color of human skin?

melatonin

this is the sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body

metabolism

this is the region of long bone found between the diaphysis and the epiphysis

metaphysis

this plane divides the body into equal right and left halves

midsagittal

myology refers to the scientific study of

muscles

cross bridges are formed during muscle contraction when ________on the thick filament binds to _____________on the thin filaments.

myosin, actin

which of the following structures found in the skin help prevent water loss and inhabit bacterial growth on the surface of the skin.

oil glands

Which of the following correctly list the levels of the structural organization in the human body from largest to smallest?

organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cellular, chemical

the production of new bone tissue is accomplished by

osteoblast

cells that break down bone possibly leading to osteoporosis later in life are known as

osteoclast

as aging occurs, ____________activity exceeds ________activity resulting in bones demineralizing

osteoclast, osteoblast

thick skin can be found on the

palms

using your fingers to find your pulse on your wrist is an example of

palpation

this cavity is located inferior to the abdominal cavity

pelvic cavity

which cavity contains the heart

pericardial cavity

the lungs are located in the

pleural cavity

which of the following is a common characteristic of thin skin

presence of sebaceous glands

which of the following is not a major function of muscle tissue?

production of vitamins

a person whose genetic makeup makes them a better marathon runner than a sprinter probably has more ________in their leg muscle

red muscle fibers

Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of functions of the kidneys?

renal physiology

the functional unit of the skeletal muscle (myofibrils) is the

sarcomere

this type of exocrine gland is simple, branched gland connected to a hair follicle

sebaceous gland

this is a mixture of triglycerides, cholestrol, proteins, and inorganic salts.

sebum

the type of muscle fiber that is best adapted for endurance is the

slow twitch fiber

which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?

sphenoid

which of the following is a flat bone?

sternum

the layer of the epidermis that contains stem cells undergoing divisions is the

stratum basale

this directional term is the opposite of deep.

superficial

the heart is ________ to the liver

superior

a transverse plane will cut a body or organ into

superior and inferior portions

which of the following structures found in the skin plays an important role in the thermoregulation

sweat glands

to stimulate skeletal muscle contraction, acetylcholine must cross the ______________of the neuromuscular junction and bind to receptors on the motor end plate.

synaptic cleft

a cord of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

tendon

the darker an individual's skin color

the more melanin their melanocytes produce

action potentials are conducted through (inside) the skeletal muscle fiber by

transverse tubules

what regulatory proteins can be found in the thin filaments of skeletal muscle fibers ?

tropomyosin and troponin

at rest, active sites on the active are blocked by

tropomyosin-troponin complex

which of the following is an irregular bone?

vertebrae

an important vitamin that is formed in the skin when it is exposed to sunlight is

vitamin D

the medullary cavity of the long bones in adults contains

yellow marrow

there are _____ bones in a human adult body skeleton

206

an example of an activity that requires aerobic endurance is

3-mile run

Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the front of the elbow?

Antecubital

the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle fibers is used for storing

CA2+

which if the following regions of a sarcomere contain thin filament

I band

Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the groin?

Inguinal

during muscle contraction by the sliding filament mechanism, thin filaments are pulled towards the

M line

Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of the functional properties of nerve cells?

Neurophysiology

Which of the following represents the largest and most complex level of structural organization in the human body?

Organismal level

Which of the following structures or regions could you clearly see when you are viewing the anterior side of an individual standing in the standard anatomical position?

Palm of the hand

Which subspecialty of anatomy deals with the study of structural changes associated with disease?

Pathological anatomy

Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of functional changes associated with disease and aging?

Pathophysiology

which of the following best describes events that lead to the tanning of skin that occurs after exposure of the skin to the sun's UV radiation?

UV radiation stimulates increased production of melanin by melanocytes

Which of the following is a safe non-invasive imaging technique that uses the reflection of high frequency sound waves off of the body tissues to visualize a fetus during pregnancy?

Ultrasound scanning

the effects on aging on the skin include

a decline in the activity of sebaceous glands

the stomach is located in the

abdominal cavity

accessory structures of the skin include

all of the above

the skin in humans

all of the above

why would an elderly person be more prone to skin infections than a younger person?

all of the above

which of the following regions of a sarcomere contain thick filament?

all of these answer choices are correct

myofibrils contain

all of these answers are correct

characteristics of thick skin include

all of these choices are correct

the dermis of the skin

all the above

the skin functions as

all the above

the sternum is _______to the heart

anterior

which of the following is not a property of muscular tissue?

autorythmicity

which of the following correctly lists the sequence of structures that action potentials must move through to excite skeletal muscle contraction?

axon of neuron, sarcolemma, T-tubules

exposure of the skin to ultraviolet light

both A and D

all of the following are important for long bone growth except

carbohydrates

which of the following bones is part of the appendicular skeleton?

carpals

these glands secrete ear wax to help keep foreign particles out of the external ear canal

ceruminous

fast twitch muscle fibers (white muscle)

contract quickly

"goosebumps" are caused by

contraction of arrector pili muscles

you stepped on a nail. list the sequential layers (or strata) of the epidermis that the nail penetrated through to finally reach the dermis

corneum, lucidum, granulosom, spinosum, basale

the brain is located in

cranial cavity

Muscle soreness felt 12-48 hours after an extensive workout is known as __________ and occurs as a result of __________

delayed onset muscle soreness, microscopic muscular damage

this directional term means farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk or farther from the origination of a structure

distal

Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of the chemical regulators in the blood?

endocrinology

this is the inner most layer of connective tissue that penetrates the inferior of each fascicle and separates individual muscle fibers from one another

endomysium

Which of the following noninvasive diagnostic techniques is an example of inspection?

examining the surface of patient's skin for presence of a rash.

Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of changes in organ functions due to muscular activity?

exercise physiology

this is the the property of muscle that gives is the ability to stretch without damage

extensibility

which of the following is a long bone?

femur

which term or condition in characterized by a loss of muscle tone?

flaccid paralysis

percussion techniques can be used to detect

fluid in the lungs

this plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.

frontal

when the arrector pili muscles contract

goosebumps are formed

this is the condition of equilibrium (balance) in the body's internal environment

homeostasis

Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of the body's defense against disease-causing agents?

immunology

when a person's body becomes too warm, how does the integumentary system work with other body systems to maintain homeostasis?

increased secretion of perspiration helps cool the body

the following are stages in the regeneration of skin following a deep wound injury

inflammation, migration, proliferation, maturation.