ANATOMY final review
The residual volume in the lungs equals about ___ mL.
1200
The earliest a pregnancy test can show a positive result due to the presence of hCG is _____ .
2 weeks after conception
The trachea contains how many tracheal cartilages?
20 rings
A typical young person can hear sound frequencies ranging from ___ Hz.
20 to 20,000
How many kinds of taste sensations are there?
5
Which of the following pituitary hormones controls the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex?
ACTH
All of the following hormones are produced by the adenohypophysis, except ___ .
ADH
The posterior pituitary gland secretes ___ .
ADH
Each middle ear is connected to the throat by a(n) ___ .
Eustachian tube
One gram of fat yields the same number of calories as one gram of carbohydrates.
False
Which immunoglobulin plays a role in regulation of the humoral immune response?
IgD
Immunoglobulins that attach to mast cells and basophils and are involved in allergic reactions are abbreviated as which of the following?
IgE
Which immunoglobulin is very effective against bacteria, viruses and toxins?
IgG
Which type of immunoglobulin is composed of five single molecules found together?
IgM
A universal donor is a person with a blood type of ___ .
O
Which of the following are responsible for cellular immune response.
T-lymphocytes
The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is ___ .
TSH
When a baby is born, the majority of its skeleton is made of cartilage.
True
Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?
Vitamin A
Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?
Vitamin C
The clumping of red blood cells after a transfusion is called ___ .
agglutination
Which of the following substances is not normally allowed to pass through the filtration membrane? (pg 270)
albumin
The most common plasma protein is ___ .
albumins
Which of the following hormones is released by the adrenal cortex?
aldosterone
The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are the ___ .
alveoli
Which of the following nutrients are transported by active transport in the intestines?
amino acids
What substance fills the space between amnion and embryonic disc?
amniotic fluid
Name the enzyme secreted by the parotid salivary gland.
amylase
An implantation happening somewhere other than the uterus is called _____ .
an ectopic pregnancy
B-cells are involved in the production of ___ .
antibodies
___ valve - allows blood to leave the left ventricle during contraction
aortic
An elevated white blood cell count is called leukocytosis, a condition that indicates an acute infection such as ___ .
appendicitis
The narrow tube projecting downward from the cecum is the ___ .
appendix
upper chambers in the heart, receive blood to the heart
atria
___ node - slightly delays impulses, allowing the atria to fully empty
atrioventricular
Chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes are referred to as _____ .
autosomes
Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as ___ .
bicarbonate ions
A nonenzyme substance that causes fat to be dispersed into smaller droplets (emulsification) is called ___ .
bile
Rod cells are responsible for ___ .
black and white vision
Lymphatic vessels commonly occur in association with ___ . Hint: see Figure 14-1
blood vessels
The process of filtration occurs at ______
bowman's capsule
Which of the following organs lack lymphocytes? Hint: see Figure 14-3.
brain
smallest-diameter blood vessels
capillaries
The most important chemical regulator of respiration is ___ .
carbon dioxide
___ cycle
cardiac
The process of cell division that occurs after fertilization is called _____ .
cleavage
The formation of a blood clot is known as ___ .
coagulation
Cone cells are responsible for ___ .
color vision
A baby's sex or gender is determined at _____ .
conception
The lining of the visible outer surface of the eye is the ___ .
conjunctiva
The greatest amount if refraction occurs when light passes from the air into the ___ .
cornea
___ arteries - supply blood to the heart tissues
coronary
Umami is the sense of taste we associate with ___ .
deliciousness
The thalus is part of the ___ .
diencephalon
The first stage of labor is _____ .
dilation stage
Most of the blood in the pulmonary trunk bypasses the lungs by entering a fetal vessel called the _____ .
ductus arteriosus
A(n) ___ is a clot that dislodges or fragments.
embolus
The crown of the tooth is covered by ___ .
enamel
made of epithelium and connective tissues
endocardium
Which of the following is NOT one of the digestive system hormones?
eosinophil
outer layer of the heart wall, protects the heart
epicardium
Red blood cells are called ___ .
erythrocytes
The hormone ___ controls red blood cell formation.
erythropoietin
Which of the following hormones is secreted from the kidneys?
erythropoietin
Pancreatic lipase is responsible for digestion of ___ .
fats
Which of the following use lymph as their mechanism of transport in the intestines?
fatty acids
The union of a sperm cell and an egg is called _____ .
fertilization
The substance used to form long, insoluble strands to build clots is called ___ .
fibrin
Which of the following is NOT a part of the urinary system?
gallbladder
Which of the following is not one of the layers formed during gastrulation?
gastroderm
The time spent in prenatal development is referred to as _____ .
gestation
Which of the following is not one of the five types of white blood cells in the body?
globulins
Which of the following cells secretes the mucus in an airway?
goblet cells
A surfactant ___ .
helps prevent the alveoli from collapsing
White blood cells develop from ___ in the red blood marrow.
hemocytoblasts
___ portal system
hepatic
A blastocyst is a _____ .
hollow ball of cells
An individual who has two identical alleles of a gene is referred to as _____ .
homozygous
Parathyroid hormone does all of the following, except ___ .
increase urine formation
The senses of equilibrium and hearing are provided by receptors located at the ___ .
inner ear
Which of the following hormones may cause blood sugar levels to fall?
insulin
The primary components of extracellular fluid are ___ .
interstitial fluid and plasma
The general senses ___ .
involve relatively simple receptors
The pigmented portion of the eye is the ___ .
iris
Which of the following statements is true about the hormone oxytocin?
it promotes uterine contractions
The vocal folds are located in the ___ .
larynx
When antidiuretic hormone (ADH) levels are low ________.
less urine is produced
White blood cells are called ___ .
leukocytes
The connection of the tongue to the floor of the mouth is the ___ .
lingual frenulum
Peyer's patches are found in the ___ .
lining of the small intestine
Which of the following portions of the nephron is able to concentrate urine?
loop of Henle
Which of the following segments of the nephron is horseshoe-shaped?
loop of Henle
The primary function of the lymphatic system is the production, maintenance and distribution of ___
lymphocytes
Which of the following is not a physical barrier to infection?
lysozyme
Cells that break down damaged red blood cells are called ___ .
macrophages
The hair cells of the utricle and saccule are clustered in the ___ .
maculae
The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex produces ___ .
mineralocorticoids
What are the inorganic elements essential for human metabolism called?
minerals
___ valve - lies between the left atrium and left ventricle
mitral
The solid ball of cells after several rounds of cell division is called a _____ .
morula
Digestion begins in the ___ .
mouth
What liquid protects the stomach from being digested by the stomach enzymes?
mucus
thick, pumping cardiac muscle of the heart
myocardium
Catecholamines are produced in ___ .
nervous tissues
Ordinary air consists of mostly ___ .
nitrogen
Gustatory receptors are located ___ .
on the surface of the tongue
The portion of the pharynx that receives both air and food is called the ___ .
oropharynx
The mechanism by which water is absorbed in the intestines is through ___ .
osmosis
an enclosure around the heart and the ends of large vessels
pericardium
Which of the following is NOT a cause of acidosis?
peripheral vasoconstriction
What are the wavelike movements that propel the contents through the digestive system?
peristalsis
Which of the following is one of the innate defense against pathogens?
phagocytes
Agglutinogens react with agglutinins from the ___ .
plasma
Which of the following cells produce antibodies?
plasma cells
The function of ___ is to block injuries to blood vessels and to start forming blood clots.
platelets
Which membrane forms the outer covering over the lungs?
pleura
Intracellular fluid has high concentrations of ___ . Hint: look at the figures, not just the text!
potassium
According to table 18-3, which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?
production of antibodies
The corpus luteum secretes ___ .
progesterone
Which of the following hormones is involved in milk production?
prolactin
Aldosterone ___ .
promotes sodium retention in the kidneys
The portion of the nephron nearest to the renal corpuscle is the ___ .
proximal convoluted tubule
___ system - made up of veins and venules
pulmonary
___ valve - allows blood to leave the right ventricle while preventing backflow
pulmonary
Conical structures in the renal medulla are called ___ .
pyramids
The hormone that increases the flexibility of the symphysis pubis and causes dilation of the cervix during pregnancy is _____ .
relaxin
The hypothalamus controls secretions of the anterior pituitary by ___ .
releasing and inhibiting hormones
Bowman's capsule and the glomerulus make up the
renal corpuscle
The glomerulus is located within the ___ .
renal corpuscle
Which of the following is not a normal function of the urinary system?
secretion of excess glucose molecules
___ node - generates the heart's rhythmic contractions
sinoatrial
The olfactory bulb is located in the ___ .
skull
Nearly 90 percent of positively charged ions in extracellular fluids are ___ . Hint: look at the figures, not just the text!
sodium ions
Growth hormone is also called ___ .
somatotropin
Which of the following is not one of the primary taste sensations?
spicy
The largest collection of lymphatic tissue in the adult body is located in the ___ .
spleen
Which of the following organs is NOT a component of the digestive system?
spleen
Antidiuretic hormone ___ .
stimulates water conservation by the kidneys
What condition does pepsin require in order to be active in digesting proteins?
strong acidic conditions (low pH)
___ circuit - made of arteries and arterioles
systemic
Intracellular fluid is found in ___ .
the cells of the body
The inner cell mass of the blastocyst will form _____ .
the embryo
The primary regulator of water intake is ___ .
thirst
Platelets are called ___ .
thrombocytes
A ___ is a clot that forms abnormally in a vessel.
thrombus
T lymphocytes mature in which organ?
thymus
Calcitonin is secreted from the ___ .
thyroid gland
The vital capacity plus the residual volume creates the ___ .
total lung capacity
The airway between the larynx and the primary bronchi is called the ___ .
trachea
___ valve - lies between the right atrium and right ventricle
tricuspid
The bladder's internal floor has a triangular area called the ___ .
trigone
A developing fetus may be distinguished as either male or female at _____ .
twelve weeks development
Sound waves are converted to mechanical movements by the ___ .
tympanic membrane
The external auditory canal ends at the ___ .
tympanic membrane
The iris is part of the ___ .
vascular tuni
Diabetes insipidus is caused by decreased levels of which hormone?
vasopressin
lower chambers, pump blood from atria to arteries
ventricles
With aging, ___ .
vital capacity decreases
The thick, gel-like fluid that helps support the structure of the eyeball is the ___ .
vitreous humor
When the external intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract, the ___ .
volume of the thorax increases
Portions of the spleen that contain large numbers of lymphocytes are known as ___ .
white pulp
