ANATOMY final review

The residual volume in the lungs equals about ___ mL.

1200

The earliest a pregnancy test can show a positive result due to the presence of hCG is _____ .

2 weeks after conception

The trachea contains how many tracheal cartilages?

20 rings

A typical young person can hear sound frequencies ranging from ___ Hz.

20 to 20,000

How many kinds of taste sensations are there?

5

Which of the following pituitary hormones controls the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex?

ACTH

All of the following hormones are produced by the adenohypophysis, except ___ .

ADH

The posterior pituitary gland secretes ___ .

ADH

Each middle ear is connected to the throat by a(n) ___ .

Eustachian tube

One gram of fat yields the same number of calories as one gram of carbohydrates.

False

Which immunoglobulin plays a role in regulation of the humoral immune response?

IgD

Immunoglobulins that attach to mast cells and basophils and are involved in allergic reactions are abbreviated as which of the following?

IgE

Which immunoglobulin is very effective against bacteria, viruses and toxins?

IgG

Which type of immunoglobulin is composed of five single molecules found together?

IgM

A universal donor is a person with a blood type of ___ .

O

Which of the following are responsible for cellular immune response.

T-lymphocytes

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is ___ .

TSH

When a baby is born, the majority of its skeleton is made of cartilage.

True

Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?

Vitamin A

Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?

Vitamin C

The clumping of red blood cells after a transfusion is called ___ .

agglutination

Which of the following substances is not normally allowed to pass through the filtration membrane? (pg 270)

albumin

The most common plasma protein is ___ .

albumins

Which of the following hormones is released by the adrenal cortex?

aldosterone

The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are the ___ .

alveoli

Which of the following nutrients are transported by active transport in the intestines?

amino acids

What substance fills the space between amnion and embryonic disc?

amniotic fluid

Name the enzyme secreted by the parotid salivary gland.

amylase

An implantation happening somewhere other than the uterus is called _____ .

an ectopic pregnancy

B-cells are involved in the production of ___ .

antibodies

___ valve - allows blood to leave the left ventricle during contraction

aortic

An elevated white blood cell count is called leukocytosis, a condition that indicates an acute infection such as ___ .

appendicitis

The narrow tube projecting downward from the cecum is the ___ .

appendix

upper chambers in the heart, receive blood to the heart

atria

___ node - slightly delays impulses, allowing the atria to fully empty

atrioventricular

Chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes are referred to as _____ .

autosomes

Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as ___ .

bicarbonate ions

A nonenzyme substance that causes fat to be dispersed into smaller droplets (emulsification) is called ___ .

bile

Rod cells are responsible for ___ .

black and white vision

Lymphatic vessels commonly occur in association with ___ . Hint: see Figure 14-1

blood vessels

The process of filtration occurs at ______

bowman's capsule

Which of the following organs lack lymphocytes? Hint: see Figure 14-3.

brain

smallest-diameter blood vessels

capillaries

The most important chemical regulator of respiration is ___ .

carbon dioxide

___ cycle

cardiac

The process of cell division that occurs after fertilization is called _____ .

cleavage

The formation of a blood clot is known as ___ .

coagulation

Cone cells are responsible for ___ .

color vision

A baby's sex or gender is determined at _____ .

conception

The lining of the visible outer surface of the eye is the ___ .

conjunctiva

The greatest amount if refraction occurs when light passes from the air into the ___ .

cornea

___ arteries - supply blood to the heart tissues

coronary

Umami is the sense of taste we associate with ___ .

deliciousness

The thalus is part of the ___ .

diencephalon

The first stage of labor is _____ .

dilation stage

Most of the blood in the pulmonary trunk bypasses the lungs by entering a fetal vessel called the _____ .

ductus arteriosus

A(n) ___ is a clot that dislodges or fragments.

embolus

The crown of the tooth is covered by ___ .

enamel

made of epithelium and connective tissues

endocardium

Which of the following is NOT one of the digestive system hormones?

eosinophil

outer layer of the heart wall, protects the heart

epicardium

Red blood cells are called ___ .

erythrocytes

The hormone ___ controls red blood cell formation.

erythropoietin

Which of the following hormones is secreted from the kidneys?

erythropoietin

Pancreatic lipase is responsible for digestion of ___ .

fats

Which of the following use lymph as their mechanism of transport in the intestines?

fatty acids

The union of a sperm cell and an egg is called _____ .

fertilization

The substance used to form long, insoluble strands to build clots is called ___ .

fibrin

Which of the following is NOT a part of the urinary system?

gallbladder

Which of the following is not one of the layers formed during gastrulation?

gastroderm

The time spent in prenatal development is referred to as _____ .

gestation

Which of the following is not one of the five types of white blood cells in the body?

globulins

Which of the following cells secretes the mucus in an airway?

goblet cells

A surfactant ___ .

helps prevent the alveoli from collapsing

White blood cells develop from ___ in the red blood marrow.

hemocytoblasts

___ portal system

hepatic

A blastocyst is a _____ .

hollow ball of cells

An individual who has two identical alleles of a gene is referred to as _____ .

homozygous

Parathyroid hormone does all of the following, except ___ .

increase urine formation

The senses of equilibrium and hearing are provided by receptors located at the ___ .

inner ear

Which of the following hormones may cause blood sugar levels to fall?

insulin

The primary components of extracellular fluid are ___ .

interstitial fluid and plasma

The general senses ___ .

involve relatively simple receptors

The pigmented portion of the eye is the ___ .

iris

Which of the following statements is true about the hormone oxytocin?

it promotes uterine contractions

The vocal folds are located in the ___ .

larynx

When antidiuretic hormone (ADH) levels are low ________.

less urine is produced

White blood cells are called ___ .

leukocytes

The connection of the tongue to the floor of the mouth is the ___ .

lingual frenulum

Peyer's patches are found in the ___ .

lining of the small intestine

Which of the following portions of the nephron is able to concentrate urine?

loop of Henle

Which of the following segments of the nephron is horseshoe-shaped?

loop of Henle

The primary function of the lymphatic system is the production, maintenance and distribution of ___

lymphocytes

Which of the following is not a physical barrier to infection?

lysozyme

Cells that break down damaged red blood cells are called ___ .

macrophages

The hair cells of the utricle and saccule are clustered in the ___ .

maculae

The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex produces ___ .

mineralocorticoids

What are the inorganic elements essential for human metabolism called?

minerals

___ valve - lies between the left atrium and left ventricle

mitral

The solid ball of cells after several rounds of cell division is called a _____ .

morula

Digestion begins in the ___ .

mouth

What liquid protects the stomach from being digested by the stomach enzymes?

mucus

thick, pumping cardiac muscle of the heart

myocardium

Catecholamines are produced in ___ .

nervous tissues

Ordinary air consists of mostly ___ .

nitrogen

Gustatory receptors are located ___ .

on the surface of the tongue

The portion of the pharynx that receives both air and food is called the ___ .

oropharynx

The mechanism by which water is absorbed in the intestines is through ___ .

osmosis

an enclosure around the heart and the ends of large vessels

pericardium

Which of the following is NOT a cause of acidosis?

peripheral vasoconstriction

What are the wavelike movements that propel the contents through the digestive system?

peristalsis

Which of the following is one of the innate defense against pathogens?

phagocytes

Agglutinogens react with agglutinins from the ___ .

plasma

Which of the following cells produce antibodies?

plasma cells

The function of ___ is to block injuries to blood vessels and to start forming blood clots.

platelets

Which membrane forms the outer covering over the lungs?

pleura

Intracellular fluid has high concentrations of ___ . Hint: look at the figures, not just the text!

potassium

According to table 18-3, which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?

production of antibodies

The corpus luteum secretes ___ .

progesterone

Which of the following hormones is involved in milk production?

prolactin

Aldosterone ___ .

promotes sodium retention in the kidneys

The portion of the nephron nearest to the renal corpuscle is the ___ .

proximal convoluted tubule

___ system - made up of veins and venules

pulmonary

___ valve - allows blood to leave the right ventricle while preventing backflow

pulmonary

Conical structures in the renal medulla are called ___ .

pyramids

The hormone that increases the flexibility of the symphysis pubis and causes dilation of the cervix during pregnancy is _____ .

relaxin

The hypothalamus controls secretions of the anterior pituitary by ___ .

releasing and inhibiting hormones

Bowman's capsule and the glomerulus make up the

renal corpuscle

The glomerulus is located within the ___ .

renal corpuscle

Which of the following is not a normal function of the urinary system?

secretion of excess glucose molecules

___ node - generates the heart's rhythmic contractions

sinoatrial

The olfactory bulb is located in the ___ .

skull

Nearly 90 percent of positively charged ions in extracellular fluids are ___ . Hint: look at the figures, not just the text!

sodium ions

Growth hormone is also called ___ .

somatotropin

Which of the following is not one of the primary taste sensations?

spicy

The largest collection of lymphatic tissue in the adult body is located in the ___ .

spleen

Which of the following organs is NOT a component of the digestive system?

spleen

Antidiuretic hormone ___ .

stimulates water conservation by the kidneys

What condition does pepsin require in order to be active in digesting proteins?

strong acidic conditions (low pH)

___ circuit - made of arteries and arterioles

systemic

Intracellular fluid is found in ___ .

the cells of the body

The inner cell mass of the blastocyst will form _____ .

the embryo

The primary regulator of water intake is ___ .

thirst

Platelets are called ___ .

thrombocytes

A ___ is a clot that forms abnormally in a vessel.

thrombus

T lymphocytes mature in which organ?

thymus

Calcitonin is secreted from the ___ .

thyroid gland

The vital capacity plus the residual volume creates the ___ .

total lung capacity

The airway between the larynx and the primary bronchi is called the ___ .

trachea

___ valve - lies between the right atrium and right ventricle

tricuspid

The bladder's internal floor has a triangular area called the ___ .

trigone

A developing fetus may be distinguished as either male or female at _____ .

twelve weeks development

Sound waves are converted to mechanical movements by the ___ .

tympanic membrane

The external auditory canal ends at the ___ .

tympanic membrane

The iris is part of the ___ .

vascular tuni

Diabetes insipidus is caused by decreased levels of which hormone?

vasopressin

lower chambers, pump blood from atria to arteries

ventricles

With aging, ___ .

vital capacity decreases

The thick, gel-like fluid that helps support the structure of the eyeball is the ___ .

vitreous humor

When the external intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract, the ___ .

volume of the thorax increases

Portions of the spleen that contain large numbers of lymphocytes are known as ___ .

white pulp