ANATOMY II CH20 WK5

Match each type of shock to its possible cause.

1-Hypovolemic shock matches Choice, Severe dehydration Severe dehydration 2- Obstructed venous return shock matches Choice, Tumor growth Tumor growth 3-Obstructed venous return shock matches Choice, Tumor growth Tumor growth 4-Septic shock matches Choice, Bacterial infection Bacterial infection

In what ways does the pulmonary circuit differ from the systemic circuit?

1-Pulmonary arteries constrict in response to local hypoxia. 2-Less fluid gets "left behind" in the lungs. 3-Pulmonary arteries have thinner, less elastic walls. 4-Pulmonary arteries carry oxygen-poor blood and veins carry oxygen-rich blood.

Put the following in order to describe the flow of a blood cell through the pulmonary circuit. Start with the first vessel the blood enters as it leaves the right ventricle.

1-Pulmonary trunk 2-Pulmonary arteries 3-Lobar arteries 4-Alveolar capillaries 5-Pulmonary veins 6-Left atrium

Which type of shock results from exposure to an antigen to which a person is allergic, which causes generalized vasodilation and increased capillary permeability?

Anaphylactic

Chemicals given off by the systemic capillary blood to the perivascular tissues often include which of the following?

Antibodies Glucose Oxygen Hormones

During strenuous exercise, blood flow to skeletal muscles increases. Which type of vessels dilate in response to epinephrine and norepinephrine to facilitate this?

Arterioles

In skeletal muscles, most of the capillary beds are shut down at rest. Which type of vessel is therefore constricted at rest?

Arterioles

Venous return (the flow of blood back to the heart) is achieved by which of the following mechanisms?

Cardiac suction Respiration (the thoracic pump) Gravity Muscle contraction (the skeletal muscle pump)

Which term refers to a state of cardiac output inadequate to meet the metabolic needs of the body?

Circulatory shock

Which are possible consequences of edema?

Circulatory shock Tissue death

Which force opposes hydrostatic pressure along with the capillary and interstitial pressures?

Colloid osmotic pressure

True or false: All of the fluid that is filtered by a capillary at the arterial end of a capillary bed is reabsorbed at the venous end.

FALSE

True or false: All of the fluid that is filtered by a capillary at the arterial end of a capillary bed is reabsorbed at the venous end.

False Reason: About 85% of the filtered fluids return to the capillary. The remaining 15% of tissue fluid is absorbed and returned to the blood by way of the lymphatic system.

True or false: Exercise decreases venous return.

False Reason: Exercise increases venous return for several reasons: the heart beats faster and harder thus increasing cardiac output and blood pressure; increased respiratory rate increases the action of the thoracic pump; vasodilation of blood vessels in the skeletal muscles, lungs and coronary circuit increase flow; and contractions of skeletal muscles enhance the skeletal muscle pump.

When sitting or standing, what is the major force pushing blood from the head towards the heart?

Gravity

Venous return refers to the flow of blood back to which of the following?

Heart

Which are common causes of hypovolemic shock?

Hemorrhage Burns Bleeding ulcers Dehydration

Which term describes the physical force exerted by a liquid against a surface such as a capillary wall?

Hydrostatic pressure

Which vessel is labeled "C" in this picture?

Inferior lobar artery

Why is a lower blood pressure in the pulmonary circuit ideal?

It allows more time for gas exchange.

Which type of shock results from too little blood returning to the heart?

Low venous return

Tissue fluids that are not reabsorbed by blood capillaries are absorbed by which of the following?

Lymphatic capillaries

Which vessel is labeled "B" in this picture?

Middle lobar artery

Which term refers to the net force favoring filtration of fluid from a capillary or venule when all the hydrostatic and osmotic pressures of the blood and tissue fluids are taken into account?

Net filtration pressure

A sudden loss of vasomotor tone, leading to systemic vasodilation, will cause which type of shock?

Neurogenic

Hemorrhage, trauma, bleeding ulcers, burns, and dehydration are all common causes of which type of shock?

Neurogenic Hypovolemic Vascular Septic Anaphylactic Correct Answer Hypovolemic

Edema may be caused by which of the following?

Obstructed lymphatic drainage ALSO CONSIDER: Reason: INCREASED capillary filtrate leads to more fluid leaving the capillaries, which can cause edema. Reason: Decreased capillary reabsorption leads to more fluid being left behind in the tissue, which can cause edema.

Which type of pressure is defined as the difference between the colloid osmotic pressure (COP) of blood and tissue fluid?

Oncotic

Interstitial fluids typically enter the venous end of a capillary bed via which process?

Osmosis

Which can diffuse directly across the plasma membrane without the help of membrane channels, filtration pores, or intercellular clefts?

Oxygen

Which substances leave the blood by diffusing directly through the plasma membrane of endothelial cells?

Oxygen Carbon dioxide Steroid hormones

The effects of a stroke or cerebrovascular accident can include which of the following?

Paralysis Blindness Loss of speech Loss of sensation

Which is the most important force in venous flow?

Pressure generated by the heart

The vessel marked with the letter "E" is the--------trunk.

Pulmonary

Which is true about pulmonary circuit as compared to the systemic circuit?

Pulmonary arteries carry oxygen-poor blood and veins carry oxygen-rich blood

Edema may be caused by which of the following?

Reduced capillary reabsorption Increased capillary filtration Obstructed lymphatic drainage

Which vessel is labeled "A" in this picture?

Right pulmonary artery

Which are possible consequences of cerebral edema?

Seizures Nausea Headaches Delirium

Transient ischemic attacks are characterized by which of the following?

Temporary weakness Headache Temporary paralysis Temporary loss of vision Temporary dizziness

The mechanism by which contracting limb muscles squeeze blood out of the compressed part of a vein in only one direction is known as which of the following?

The skeletal muscle pump

What are the primary purposes of the pulmonary circuit?

To absorb atmospheric oxygen To release carbon dioxide

Which mechanism of transport likely accounts for the smallest fraction of solute exchange across the capillary wall?

Transcytosis

Brief episodes of cerebral ischemia produce which of the following?

Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)

True or false: Arterial blood in the pulmonary circuit is less oxygenated than the venous blood in the pulmonary circuit.

True

True or false: In the skeletal muscle pump, muscle contractions squeeze the blood in veins and valves making sure that the blood flows only in one direction.

True

True or false: Large veins of the neck are normally partially collapsed and their venous pressure is close to zero.

True

True or false: Capillary exchange is a two way movement of fluids and substances.

True Reason: Capillary exchange is the two way movement of fluids and substances between the capillaries and the tissues.

Hyperventilation induces hypocapnia which leads to which of the following?

Vasoconstriction Reason: Hypocapnia raises the pH of brain tissues and stimulates localized vasoconstriction.

Poor perfusion in the brain leads to which of the following?

Vasodilation

Which term refers to the flow of blood back to the heart?

Venous return

-------------------------shock is caused by inadequate pumping by the heart.

cardiogenic

The cerebral arteries dilate when systemic BP drops and ______ when it rises, thus maintaining a relatively constant cerebral blood flow.

constrict

Blood pressure is ______ in the systemic circuit than in the pulmonary circuit.

higher* The pulmonary circulation is a relatively low pressure system compared to the systemic circulation because the pulmonary arteries are not as muscularized as their systemic counterparts. Thinner, less muscular vessels are more easily distended.

The physical force exerted by a liquid against a surface such as a capillary wall is called ______ pressure

hydrostatic

Blood pressure is ______ in the pulmonary circuit than in the systemic circuit.

lower Reason: Blood pressure is lower in the pulmonary circuit, allowing slower blood flow and more time for gas exchange, and enhanced absorption to prevent fluid accumulation in the lumens of the alveoli.

A sudden loss of vasomotor tone, leading to systemic vasodilation, will cause which type of shock?

neurogenic

The primary purpose of the ______ circuit is for the blood to release carbon dioxide and pick up oxygen.

pulmonary

In the pulmonary circuit, the pulmonary trunk branches into ______.

pulmonary arteries

Which condition is caused by a sudden death of brain tissue by ischemia?

stroke

-------------------is a process in which endothelial cells pick up material on one side of the plasma membrane by pinocytosis or receptor-mediated endocytosis, transport the vesicles across the cell, and discharge the material on the other side by exocytosis.

transcytosis

is a process in which endothelial cells pick up material on one side of the plasma membrane by pinocytosis or receptor-mediated endocytosis, transport the vesicles across the cell, and discharge the material on the other side by exocytosis.

transcytosis