Anatomy

Glucagon acts as an antagonist (opposite) to insulin. True False

True

Growth hormone promotes the growth of skeletal muscles and long bones of the body. True False

True

The posterior pituitary makes and secretes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH). True False

False

Water-soluble hormones, such as proteins and peptide hormones, activate target cells using ________. the second-messenger system direct gene activation diffusion steroid hormone action

the second-messenger system

Which adrenal cortex hormone helps regulate water and electrolyte balance in body fluids? Cortisol Aldosterone Thymosin Calcitonin

Adolsterone

The body's major metabolic hormone, which is actually two iodine-containing hormones, is called ________. growth hormone (GH) calcitonin prolactin (PRL)adrenaline thyroid hormone

thyroid hormone

Which of these anterior pituitary hormones regulates the endocrine activity of the cortex region of the adrenal gland? thyrotropic hormone (thyroid-stimulating hormone, or TSH) growth hormone (GH) luteinizing hormone (LH) prolactin (PRL) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) promotes the release of ________, cortisone and cortisol insulin and glucagon epinephrine and norepinephrine thyroxine and triiodothyronine

cortisone and cortisol

Where does the body store excess glucose as glycogen in response to the presence of insulin? Stomach Liver Kidney Pancreas Spleen

Liver

The pineal gland produces ________. insulin cortisol melatonin estrogen thymosin

Melatonin

What is the primary function of thymosin? Thymosin controls the rate at which glucose is oxidized and converted to body heat and ATP. Thymosin plays an important role in establishing the body's sleep-wake cycle. Thymosin appears to be essential for the normal development of T lymphocytes. Thymosin regulates the salt content of the blood, particularly sodium and potassium.

Thymosin appears to be essential for the normal development of T lymphocytes.

The "fight-or-flight" response triggers the release of ________. growth hormone (GH) prolactin (PRL) epinephrine antidiuretic hormone (ADH) melatonin

epinephrine

What two groups of steroid hormones are made by female ovaries? luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) gonadotropic hormones and thyrotropic hormones estrogens and progesterone androgens and testosterone testosterone and estrogens

estrogens and progesterone

Which hormone, produced by the placenta, stimulates the ovaries to continue producing estrogen and progesterone so that the lining of the uterine is not sloughed off in menses? human placental lactogen (hPL) oxytocin luteinizing hormone (LH) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted by the parathyroid glands in response to low blood concentration of calcium ions. This mechanism operates by a ________. humoral stimulus messenger stimulus steroid stimulus neural stimulus hormonal stimulus

humoral stimulus

The short-term stress response of epinephrine, such as running from a fire, includes all of the following except ________. increased blood pressure increased heart rate increased metabolic rate increased digestive activity

increased digestive activity

Rising levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) will inhibit its further hormone release. This type of control mechanism is best described as ________. neural stimulation positive feedback mechanism second-messenger system direct gene activation negative feedback mechanism

negative feedback mechanism

Which two hormones play a role in promoting the milk reflex and in stimulating and maintaining breast milk production in a nursing mother's breasts? growth hormone (GH) and glucagon antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and thyroid hormones prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin prolactin (PRL) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) parathyroid hormone (PTH) and thyroid hormones

prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin

Which of these hormones regulate calcium levels in the body? Oxytocin and prolactin T3 and T4 Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH) Melatonin and glucocorticoids Insulin and glucagon

Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH)

The gland that produces melatonin is indicated by ________.

Label A- the right side of the brain area

The gland that produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone is indicated by

Label B

The glands that produce catecholamines are indicated by

Label G- above the kidneys

What gland is the target organ of thyrotropic hormone (TH), also known as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)? Adrenal gland Pituitary gland Pineal gland Thyroid gland

Thyroid Gland

Male sex hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are called ________. androgens estrogens mineralocorticoids glucocorticoids

androgens

Which hormone causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water from forming urine and as a result, increases blood volume? antidiuretic hormone (ADH) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)cortisol insulin

antidiuretic hormone

The two hormones released by the thyroid gland are ________. oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) thyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone (PTH) calcitonin and thyroid hormone calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH) prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin

calcitonin and thyroid hormone

Hormones of the hypothalamus stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to secrete its hormones. How would you classify this type of endocrine gland stimulation? neural direct gene activation hormonal humoral

hormonal

When blood glucose levels are too high, the beta cells of the pancreas release ________ to decrease levels. growth hormone epinephrine insulin glucagon

insulin

Which of the following hormones decreases blood glucose levels? epinephrine glucagon glucocorticoids insulin growth hormone

insulin

Which hormone appears to play an important role in establishing the body's sleep-wake cycle? thymosin cortisol aldosterone melatonin

melatonin

Calcitonin is made by the ________ cells of the thyroid gland. beta parafollicular follicle alpha

parafollicular

In the second-messenger system, what serves as the first messenger? cyclic AMP (cAMP) DNA mRNA ATP the hormone

the hormone

Beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce a hormone known as ________ while the alpha cells produce a hormone known as ________. glucagon; insulin cortisol; glucagon insulin; glucagon epinephrine; cortisol

insulin; glucagon

The gland that produces testosterone is indicated by ________.

Label J- the lower part of the genetial area

Being lipid soluble, steroids can do all the following except ________. diffuse through the plasma membranes of target cells bind to receptor proteins within the nucleus enter the nucleus activate genes to transcribe mRNA for protein synthesis catalyze a reaction that produces cyclic AMP (cAMP)

catalyze a reaction that produces cyclic AMP (cAMP)

Which of these hormones is released by the adrenal medulla? glucocorticoids cortisone epinephrine (adrenaline) aldosterone sex hormones

epinephrine (adrenaline)

Which hormone is produced by the kidneys to stimulation production of red blood cells by the bone marrow? relaxin cholecystokinin (CCK) secretin resistan erythropoietin

erythropoietin

Which of the following is a function of the mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone? regulate salt content of the blood help resist long-term stress decrease edema increase blood glucose levels suppress inflammation

regulate salt content of the blood

The hormone produced by male testes, which is necessary for sperm production is ________. estrogen testosterone cortisol prolactin

testosterone

Alcohol inhibits the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). What impact will this have on the body? Increased swelling (edema) in the body's tissues Increased water retention by the kidneys Increased thirst and dehydration Increased presence of blood in the urine Decreased urine output

Increased thirst and dehydration

What stimulates the release of calcitonin? Another hormone Increasing level of blood calcium ions Decreasing level of blood calcium ions Increasing level of blood glucose Increasing level of blood sodium ions

Increasing level of blood calcium ions

Which hormones are made by the hypothalamus yet stored and released by the posterior pituitary? Cortisol; aldosterone Antidiuretic hormone (ADH); prolactin Growth hormone; prolactin Oxytocin; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Oxytocin; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which endocrine gland is known as the "master endocrine gland" for its removal or destruction would have a dramatic effect on the body? Pineal gland Pituitary gland Thymus Thyroid gland

Pituitary gland

Which two hormones act together to bring about menstruation in females? Cortisol and cortisone Aldosterone and cortisol Testosterone and estrogen Progesterone and prolactin Progesterone and estrogen

Progesterone and estrogen

Hormones only affect certain tissue cells or organs known as target cells or target organs. True False

True

Oxytocin is released in significant amounts only during childbirth and nursing. True False

True

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is the most important regulator of calcium ion homeostasis of the blood. True False

True

Antidiuretic hormone promotes both sodium and water retention. True False

False

Blood calcium levels are controlled by a positive feedback mechanism. True False

False

What is the primary effect of prolactin? Promote milk ejection in a woman nursing her infant Trigger ovulation of an egg from the ovary Stimulate follicle development in the ovaries Stimulate contractions of the uterus during breastfeeding Stimulate and maintain milk production after childbirth

Stimulate and maintain milk production after childbirth

Which of the following is not an effect of testosterone on males? Sperm production Development of heavy bones and muscles Growth of facial hair Deepening of the voice Stimulation of the posterior pituitary

Stimulation of the posterior pituitary

The primary method of maintaining blood levels of nearly all hormones is through negative feedback mechanisms. True False

True