Anatomy Midterm

Consider the following terms for anatomical organization: (1) tissue; (2) molecules; (3) organ systems; (4) cells; (5) organelles; (6) organs. Which of the following choices lists the levels in order of increasing anatomical hierarchy complexity?

2,5,4,1,6,3

How many bones make up the human foot?

26

A patient's hand was splashed with hot oil and is in significant pain. When you examine the hand, you see red and white areas of skin with multiple blisters. What is your diagnosis?

2nd degree

How many quadrants are found in the abdominal area?

4

The nails are constantly growing. Looking at this picture, which area of the nail represents where the nail first emerges to the surface?

4

Which of the following is possibly due to tone?

All of these are possible due to tone

Which of the following shows the correct order of complexity from simplest to most complex?

Cell - Tissue - Organ - Organ System - Organism

The foot and ankle are made of the following bones:

7 tarsals, 5 metatarsals, 14 phalanges

Which of the following is true of a muscle contraction, at the sarcomere level?

Actin is pulled towards the center of the sarcomere

Which of these is not one of the four basic types of body tissue? Brain tissue Connective tissue Epithelial tissue Muscle tissue

Brain Tissue

Which plane cuts the body into front and back parts?

Coronal (frontal)

Which of the following is NOT a basic tissue type? Connective Diaphysiseal Epithelial Muscle

Diaphysiseal

Which system is responsible for sending chemical messages via hormones through the body?

Endocrine

Which is NOT a type of muscle? Smooth Skeletal Cardiac Hepatic

Hepatic

Which system pulls on the bones to create movement?

Muscular

Which plane would cut the body into right and left halves?

Sagittal

How would you describe the location of your head compared to your feet?

Superior

Which of these is a function of the skeletal system?

Support

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the cavities of the body?

The abdominopelvic region is divided into 8 regions to allow more specificity and accuracy.

Muscles that are not used, may degenerate or undergo a process of _____.

atrophy

Open comedo

blackhead

This type of connective tissue can be found in the external ear, larynx and vertebral discs.

cartilage

The kidneys function to filter the blood and excrete any unneeded water and minerals. Which tissue type would you expect to find in the kidneys?

epithelial

The Latin prefix for "under" is ________.

hypo

Which term is NOT used to describe one of the four types of tissue?

pancreatic

Skin functions to protect the body. What sort of tissue type would you expect to find in the skin?

stratified squamous

This type of tissue forms the epidermis

stratified squamous

In real-life dissections, explain why communication of body planes and cavities is important. For instance, if the directions called for "making an incision on the anterior medial part of the body segment, 1 inch superior to the umbilicus" explain exactly where you should be making the incision.

Communication of body planes and cavities are important in anatomy because they provide easy and definite ways to know where to cut. Knowing the different planes makes it easier to get a specific area of what you need to be looking for as well. For example, if you are doing an autopsy and need to know if the cause of the patient's death was liver cancer you would be able to use the planes to show/tell how you are going to cut the body to locate the liver. If you were making an incision on the "anterior medial part of the body segment, 1 inch superior to the umbilicus" you would locate the front of the body and find the midline and go one inch closer to the head from the umbilicus.

A neurosurgeon orders a spinal epidural for a patient. This means the needle will be placed near the spinal cord for the injection. Which body cavity will the needle be inserted?

Dorsal

Which of the following activities would NOT by an example of an anatomical study?

Drawing blood from a fasting patient to determine their blood glucose levels.

If a carbohydrate is a great source of energy, which tissue would benefit the most? Bone Muscle Cartilage Nervous

Muscle

Which type of feedback loop increases the response to the stimulus?

Positive

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback loop?

Temperature Control

Which of the following statements is correct? The hip is superior to the shoulder The neck is superior to the pelvis The ribs are superior to the chin The chest is inferior to the stomach

The neck is superior to the pelvis

As we compare exocrine and endocrine, what is the main difference between the two.

The presence or absence of ducts

Which of these statements is correct? The shoulder is lateral to the neck The knee is lateral to the hip The inside of the thigh is lateral to the outside of the foot The ankle is medial to the foot

The shoulder is lateral to the neck

Choose the correct statement: The thoracic region belongs to the ventral cavity. The pelvic region belongs to the dorsal cavity. The abdominal region belongs to the dorsal cavity. The spinal region belongs to the ventral cavity.

The thoracic region belongs to the ventral cavity.

Which of the following is NOT a type of muscle tissue? Skeletal Abdominal Cardiac Smooth

abdominal

The two proteins in the sarcomere that allow a muscle to contract are

actin & myosin

This type of tissue appears empty but is actually the storehouse of energy, while protecting and insulating many organs.

adipose

Which of the following can burn skin? All of the above Chemicals Radiation Electricity

all of the above

Which of the following is not a role of skeletal muscle?

all of these are roles of the skeletal muscle

The coronal plane divides the body into...

anterior and posterior parts

The sacrum is found in the ____________________ skeleton

axial

Which type of tissue protects and cushions organs and tissue?

connective

You are looking at a slice of bone through a microscope. What tissue type would you be most likely to find?

connective

The layer of the epidermis that is constantly flaking off 24 hours a day is the stratum ________.

corneum

Which tissue type covers the inside and outside of bodily surfaces as well as organs?

epithelial

A sprinter on the track team was at the blocks at the start of his race. As she pushed off the block, plantar-flexing her foot to point her toe downwards, she suddenly felt a sharp pain in the back of her calf. What muscle did she most likely injure?

gastrocnemius

Where is cardiac tissue found?

heart

pustule

infected follicle

The transverse plans divides the body into

inferior and superior parts

The lower posterior back muscles are called the

lattismus dorsi

Choose the correct set of opposite directional terms. posterior and medial parts lateral and inferior medial and lateral superior and posterior

medial and lateral

A crossbridge occurs when

myosin heads bind to actin

According to the classification of anatomical hierarchy, which represents the correct sequence of structure from most complex to least complex?

organism, organ, tissue, cell

The sagittal plane divides the body into

right and left parts

Which part of the the axial skeleton connects to the lumbar vertebrae?

sacrum

Which consciously controlled muscle is responsible for movement?

skeletal

Which of the following is an example of an exocrine gland?

sweat gland

Which connective tissue holds muscle to bone?

tendons

Tetanus occurs in a muscle when

there is summation of tension.

This type of tissue can stretch from one appearance to another for organs such as the urinary bladder, uretha and ureters of the urinary tract

transitional

When calcium is released, what does it bind to?

troponin

closed comedo

whitehead