anatomy nervous system

cerebellum

controls balance and equilibrium

polarized with more sodium ions outside the cell and more potassium ions inside the cell

during the resting state, a neuron is _____

neuroglia aren't able to conduct nerve impulses but neurons are specialized to do this, but glial cells never lose the ability to divide

explain how neurons and neuroglia are functionally different

ANS

functional nervous system division that carries information from the central nervous system toward effectors

sensory (afferent) division

functional nervous system subdivision that consists of spinal nerves and cranial nerves

potassium

immediately after an action potential is propagated, which one of the following ions rapidly diffuses out of the cell into the tissue fluid: sodium, chloride, calcium, potassium

myelinated

impulse conduction is fastest in neurons that are ____

sensory: consists of nerves that convey impulses to the central nervous system from sensory receptors located in various parts of the body integration: combining info from many sources Ex: vision, hearing, touch, etc. motor: carries impulses from CNS to effector organs, the muscles and glands

list and explain the three general functions of the nervous system

cerebellum

loss of muscle coordination results from damage to the _____

the all-or-none response

neurons either conduct action potentials along the length of their axons, or they remain at rest. this statement best describes which response

multipolar

neurons with several processes branching off the cell body, such as motor neurons and interneurons (association neurons) are structurally classified as ____

breathing

one of the major functions of the pons is to control ______

brain stem

pons, midbrain, and medulla oblongata

cerebrum

primary motor area

cerebrum

primary somatic sensory area

broca's area

sally has a brain injury; she knows what she wants to say but can't vocalize the words. the part of her brain that deals with the physical ability to speak is the ____

PNS

structural nervous system subdivision that consists of spinal nerves and cranial nerves

CNS

structural nervous system subdivision that consists of the brain and spinal cord

motor (efferent) division

subdivision of the motor division responsible for controlling involuntary events

neuroglia

support cells grouped in the central nervous system

diencephalon

thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus

irritability and conductivity

the 2 major functional properties of the neurons are

infectious agents like bacteria and viruses

the blood-brain barrier is effective against the passage of ______

meninges

the brain and spinal cord are protected and cushioned by 3 connective tissue membranes that are collectively called the _____

pia

the delicate and innermost membrane, or meningeal layer, that clings to the surface of the brain and spinal cord is known as the _____ mater

2 things are wrong: first, if he can't move his right side, the left cerebral hemisphere is responsible for this. the left controls the right side of the body and vice versa. second, the primary motor area provides conscious motor control of skeletal muscles

the family of mr sanchez has learned that his cerebrovascular accident (CVA, or stroke) has impaired his ability to move the right side of his body. they were told the CVA involved the primary somatic sensory area in the right cerebral hemisphere. did they receive correct info? explain

synaptic cleft

the gap between two communicating neurons

pituitary gland

the hypothalamus regulates the _____

corpus callosum

the large bundles of fibers that allows communication between the 2 cerebral hemispheres is called the _____

connect motor and sensory neurons in their pathways

the major role of the interneuron (associated neuron) is to _____

brain stem

the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are housed in the ______

central and peripheral

the nervous system is structurally subdivided into two systems, _____ and ______

dendrites

the neuron processes that normally receive incoming stimuli are called this

vagus

the only pair of cranial nerves to extend to the thoracic and abdominal cavities is the ____ nerves

axon

the part of the neuron that typically conducts nerve impulses war from the cell body

thalamus

the portion of the diencephalon that acts as a relay station for sensory impulses traveling to the sensory cortex is the ______

parietal

the primary center of the feeling of touch is located in the ____ lobe of the cerebrum

axon

the schwann cell forms a myelin sheath around this

a neurotransmitter

the substance that is released at axonal endings to propagate a nervous impulse

autonomic nervous system

the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are subdivisions of the ______

brain and spinal cord

the term central nervous system refers to the _____ and ______

dicephalon (interbrain)

the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus collectively constitute the _____

medulla oblongata

the vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting are located in the _____

schwann

these cells form the myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the PNS

interneurons (associated neurons)

these connect sensory and motor neurons in neural pathways and their cell bodies are typically located in the central nervous system

1. sodium rushes into cell 2. potassium leaves cell 3. adjacent cells are stimulated

what are the 3 steps of action potential in order

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

what brain dysfunction is also known as a stroke

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

what is the correct sequence from outermost to innermost layers of the meninges

receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector

what is the correct sequence in a typical reflex arc

2, 1, 4, 3

what is the correct sequence of events that correlates to the sequence of events in a nerve impulse: 1. the membrane becomes depolarized 2. sodium channels open and sodium ions diffuse inward 3. the membrane becomes repolarized 4. potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse outward while sodium is actively transported out of the cell

cervical spinal nerves, thoracic spinal nerves, lumbar spinal nerves, sacral spinal nerves

what is the correct sequence of nerves that exit the spinal cord, from superior to inferior

frontal lobe

a stroke in the primary motor area has caused don to lose control over his skeletal muscles on the right side of his body, what lobe of his brain was damaged

sodium

an action potential is caused by an influx of these ions into the cell _____