Anatomy practice exam

The correct order of the digestive tube layers, from lumen outward, is: (1) mucosa (2) muscular layer (3) serosa (4) submucosa 3, 1, 2, 4 1, 4, 2, 3 4, 1, 2, 3 1, 4, 3, 2 4, 2, 3, 1

1,4,2,3

The muscular layer of the uterus is (the) ________. a)perimetrium b)myometrium c)endometrium d)mesovarium e)None of the answers are correct.

B) myometrium

Which of the following is a major difference between the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the somatic nervous system (SNS)? a)Afferent information in the ANS is processed in the CNS, but not in the SNS. b)The arrangement of the neurons connecting the CNS to the effector organs is different between the ANS and the SNS. c)Afferent neurons exist only in the ANS. d)Efferent neurons exist only in the SNS. e)Efferent impulses are sent to effector organs in the SNS, but not in the ANS.

B) the arrangement f the neurons connecting the CNS to the effector organs is different between the ANS and the SNS

The intramural ganglia of the parasympathetic division can be found __________. a)along the abdominal aorta b)in the thoracic spinal region c)in the tissue of the target organs d)in any of the listed locations

C) in the tissue of the target organs

The last two pairs of ribs in the rib cage are called floating ribs. What does that term mean? a)The bones do not attach to any bones at all. They float in the body, suspended in muscle. b)Because people have these bones, they can more easily float in water. c)The ribs do not have any attachment to the sternum. d)The ribs can be dislocated easily because they can float around the rib cage area.

C) the ribs do not have any attachment t the sternum

In the pulmonary circuit, __________. a)body tissues receive oxygenated blood before the blood returns to the right atrium of the heart b)veins carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs c)arteries carry oxygenated blood to the lungs d)arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs

D)arteris carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Identify the shield shaped top of the sternum. a)Gladiolus b)Body c)Manubrium d)Xiphoid Process

Manubrium he manubrium is the superior most region of the sternum. It articulates with both the clavicle and the first rib.

The largest heart vein that returns deoxygenated blood from the arms to the right atrium is the __________. a)superior vena cava b)aorta c)inferior vena cava d)coronary sinus

a) superior vena cava

The capillaries of the glomerulus differ from other capillary networks in the body because they ________. a)drain into an arteriole rather than a venule b)absorb nutrients from the glomerular capsule c)contain no endothelium d)drain into a venule rather than an arteriole e)carry only deoxygenated blood

a)drain int an arteriole rather than a venule

The sinoatrial node, or cardiac pacemaker, is ________. a)embedded in the posterior wall of the right atrium, near the entrance of the superior vena cava b)electrically active nodal tissue located in the wall of the left ventricle c)able to cause the cardiac muscle to begin to contract at the apex d)embedded in the anterior two-thirds of the interventricular septum e)able to cause the atria and ventricles to contract simultaneously

a)embedded in the posterior wall of the right atrium, near the entrance of the superior vena cava

The areolar connective tissue found deep in the epithelial lining of the digestive tract is called ________. a)lamina propria b)plica c)basement membrane d)adventitia e)mucosa

a)lamina popria

Which vessel gives rise to a circumflex branch and an anterior interventricular branch? a)left coronary artery b)coronary sinus c)right coronary artery d)posterior descending artery e)left marginal branch

a)left coronary artery

Which surfaces of both lungs bear grooves that mark the positions of the great vessels and the heart? a)mediastinal b)lateral c)costal d)inferior e)anterior

a)mediastinal

The respiratory epithelium consists of which tissue type? a)pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium b)simple ciliated columnar epithelium c)stratified squamous epithelium d)pseudostratified ciliated squamous epithelium e)transitional epithelium

a)pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Which two chambers of the heart are connected by an opening during embryonic development that seals up at birth? a)the right and left atria b)the right atrium and right ventricle c)the left atrium and left ventricle d)the right and left ventricles

a)right and left atrium

A blockage in the pulmonary trunk would first affect which heart chamber with a buildup of blood? a)right ventricle b)left ventricle c)right atrium d)left atrium

a)right ventricle

The vagina is lined by ________. a)stratified squamous epithelium b)simple ciliated columnar epithelium c)simple cuboidal epithelium d)transitional epithelium e)None of the answers are correct

a)stratified squamos epithelium

What happens when an organ receives neural information from both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions? a)The actions of each division are usually antagonistic to the other. b)The actions of the divisions work together to produce exaggerated changes in organ functions. c)Each division will attempt to block the reception of information in the tissue from the other division. d)The neurons of each division will travel through the same ganglia.

a)the actions of each division are usually antagonistic to the other

Which organ receives the blood returning from the digestive tract (stomach, small and large intestine) carrying absorbed nutrients? a)the liver via the hepatic portal vein b)the heart via the inferior vena cava for distribution to the rest of the body c)the spleen via the splenic vein d)the pancreas via the superior mesenteric vein

a)the liver via the hepatic portal vein

Which of the following is TRUE of the coronary arteries? a)They originate at the base of the ascending aorta and are the first branches off this vessel. b)They drain into the right atrium inferior to the opening of the inferior vena cava. c)Blood pressure in these vessels is the lowest found anywhere in the systemic circuit. d)They transport blood directly into the ascending aorta. e)Together they supply a small portion of the cardiac muscle with oxygen.

a)they originate at the base pf the ascending aorta and are the first branches off this vessel

The sympathetic division of the ANS has ________. a)long postganglionic axons b) norepinephrine as a transmitter substance c)preganglionic neuron cell bodies in the T1-L2 regions of the spinal cord d)short preganglionic axons e)All of the choices are correct.

all of the above

What is the name of the second cervical vertebra? a)Dens b)Axis c)Vertebra prominens d)Atlas

b axis C2 is known as the axis. It has a bony projection called the odontoid process that articulates with C1. C1 can pivot around C2, allowing us to rotate our head/shake head "no".

Identify the region of the skull that articulates with the atlas. a)Foramen magnum b)Occipital condyles c)Mastoid processes d)Superior articular facets

b) The occipital condyles found on both sides of foramen magnum sit on top of the atlas, forming the atlanto-occipital joint.

Which event occurs during ventricular systole? a)The volume of the ventricles changes dramatically. b)Atrioventricular valves are closed. c)Blood exits from the ventricles. d)Semilunar valves are open . e)Chordae tendineae are loose.

b) atrioventricular valves are closed

Excluding the sacrum and coccyx, which are collections of fused vertebrae in adults, how many vertebrae are in the adult skeleton? a)12 b)24 c)26 d)34

b)24

Which of the following statements is accurate in regard to the respiratory histology? a)Small patches of pseudostratified, ciliated columnar epithelium guard the entrance points to the respiratory tract (nostrils and pharynx), but they are not found elsewhere in the system. b)The majority of the respiratory tissues are covered with a thin layer of a fluid, either mucus or surfactant. c)The most delicate tissues of the respiratory system are closest to the entry and exit point of the air. d)The cilia of the nasal passages have a rhythmic movement that propels mucus and trapped debris back toward the external nares.

b)The majority of the respiratory tissues are covered with a thin layer of a fluid, either mucus or surfactant.

About 85 percent of the nephrons are classified as which of the following? a)medullary b)cortical c)papillary d)renal e)juxtamedullary

b)cortical

The three layers of the muscular layer of the urinary bladder are collectively known as which of the following? a)external urethral sphincter b)detrusor muscle c)trigone d)internal urethral sphincter e)ductus deferens

b)detrusor muscle

Which of these does not correclty match its plexus with the organ(s) it innervates? a) cardiac plexus-heart b)hypogastric plexus-esphogus c)pulmonary plexus- lungs d)celiac plexus- abdominal viscera

b)hypogastric plexus-esophgus carries the parasympathetic and sypathetic fibers

Males and females differ in the organizations of their respective reproductive systems in that __________. a)males require accessory glands to produce the elements needed to nourish and protect sperm, but females do not have accessory glands b)male gonads are located below the urogenital diaphragm, whereas female gonads are located above that muscle band c)males have ducts to transport gametes, but females do not d)males have external genitalia, and females do not

b)male gonads are located below the urogenital, diaphram, whereas female gnads are located above that muscle band

Filtration, warming, and humidification of inhaled air occur throughout the conducting portion of the respiratory system, but the greatest changes occur within (the) ________. a)larynx b)nasal cavity c)oral cavity d)pharynx e)carina

b)nasal cavity

Long, unmyelinated axons leaving the ANS ganglia are called ________ fibers. a)inhibitory b)postganglionic c)preganglionic d)ganglionic e)exitatory

b)postganglionic

Which portion of the conducting system directly stimulates the ventricles? a)AV node b)Purkinje fibers c)bundle branches d)internodal pathways

b)purkinje fibers

The function of the dartos and cremaster muscles is to ________. a)move sperm along the ductus deferens b)regulate the temperature of the testes c)help the testes descend into the scrotum prior to birth d)produce erections e)attach the penis to the body wall

b)regulates the temperature of the testes

The respiratory system functions in all, except ________. a)olfaction b)sound reception c)gas exchange d)defense e)gas conditioning

b)sound reception

All of the following are true regarding the gallbladder except: a)The cystic duct carries bile to the gallbladder for storage between meals containing large amounts of lipids. b)The galbladder adds water to bile as it stores it, making it less concentrated. c)The gallbladder is an intraperitoneal, muscular sac. d)The gallbladder contracts to release bile when chyme containing a large amount of lipids enters the small intestines.

b)the gallbladder adds water to bile as it stores it, making it less concentrated

The inner mucosa of each ureter is lined by ________. a)simple cuboidal epithelium b)transitional epithelium c)stratified columnar epithelium d)pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium e)simple ciliated columnar epithelium

b)transitionl epithelium

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra? a)occipital condyles b)superior articular process c)atlas d)axis

c atlas The atlas is essentially a ring of bone. Its structure is highly specialized to articulate with the skull.

Contraction of the cremaster muscle ________. a)propels sperm through the urethra b)moves sperm through the ductus deferens c)moves the testis closer to the body cavity d)produces an erection e)None of the answers are correct.

c) moves the testis clser t the body cavity

Which of the following statements describing the articulations of the heads of ribs #2-9 with the vertebral column is accurate? a)The head of each rib articulates with the body of the thoracic vertebra, creating a whole rib facet. b)The head of each rib articulates with the transverse processes of the vertebrae. ca)The head of each rib articulates with the body of the thoracic vertebra, creating a whole rib facet. b)The head of each rib articulates with the transverse processes of the vertebrae. c)The head of each rib articulates at an intervertebral joint. This articulation creates two demifacets, one each with the body of the vertebra above and below the joint. d)The head of each rib does not articulate with any bone in the vertebral column.

c)The head of each rib articulates at an intervertebral joint. This articulation creates two demifacets, one each with the body of the vertebra above and below the joint.

In areas where the digestive tract is not covered in serosa (pharynx, esophagus, and rectum) it is covered by a dense network of collagen fibers known as which of the following? a)mucosa b)myenteric neural plexus c)adventitia d)peritoneum e)submucous neural plexus

c)adventitia

Gas exchange is performed in the respiratory portion of the respiratory tract. In which of the following does that event occur? a)primary bronchi b)tranchea c)alveoli d)terminal brochioles

c)alveoli

Which of the following are the blood vessels at the boundary of the renal cortex and renal medulla? a)interlobar artery and vein b)cortical radiate artery and vein c)arcuate artery and vein d)segmental artery and vein e)glomerular artery and vein

c)arcuate artery and vein

Which of the following characteristics do not belong to the lumbar region? a)bulky centrum b)large size overall c)elongated spinous process d)blunt spinous process

c)elongated spinous process An elongated spinous process is characteristic of the thoracic region.

Which chamber of the heart can generate the greatest pressure? a)right ventricle b)left atrium c)left ventricle d)right atrium e)Both ventricles create greater pressures equally and simultaneously than do the atria.

c)left ventricle

Most sympathetic postganglionic fibers release which neurotransmitter at neuroeffector junctions? a)dopamine b)acetylcholine c)norepinephrine d)cholecystokinin e)serotonin

c)norepinephrine

Compared to the movement of peristalsis, segmentation __________. a)moves materials in a backward direction, rather than a forward direction b)occurs only when food enters the area where segmentation is the normal motion, but not until then c)produces movement that breaks up materials but doesn't move those materials forward d)happens primarily in the esophagus

c)produces movement that breaks up materials but doesn't move those materials forward

Which structure(s) of the urinary system transfer(s) urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder? a)trigone b)urethra c)ureters d)minor calyces

c)ureters

Which muscle is responsible for stopping the micturition reflex and allowing a person to stop voiding? a)internal urethral sphincter b)internal obturator muscle c)detrusor muscle d)external urethral sphincter e)pectineus muscle

d) external urethral sphincter

Why is the sympathetic division of the ANS known as the "fight-or-flight" system? a) It releases acetylcholine at neuroeffector junctions. b)It produces an inhibitory effect on the target cell. c)It promotes digestion by the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. d)It increases tissue metabolism and alertness.

d) it increases tissue metabolism and alertness

Before milk passes through the nipple, it last collects in the __________. a)suspensory ligaments b)lactiferous ducts c)areola d)lactiferous sinus

d) lactiferous sinus

If Michael experiences a frightening situation that causes the stimulation of his sympathetic nervous system, which of the following is NOT likely to occur? a)elevation of muscle tone b)a feeling of energy and euphoria c)mobilization of energy reserves d)an increase in smooth muscle activity along the GI tract

d)an increase in smooth muscle activity along the GI tract

Which layer of the uterus is lost each month in the menses? a)myometrium b)basilar layer of the endometrium c)perimetrium d)functional layer of the endometrium

d)functional layer of the endometrium

The importance of the pampiniform plexus in the scrotum is to ________. a)allow the testis to raise and lower without pinching surrounding blood vessels b)support the testis c)innervate the testis d)help cool the blood to permit spermatogenesis at a temperature cooler than in the abdominal cavity e)None of the answers are correct.

d)help cool the blood to permit spermatogenesis at a temperature cooler than in the abdominal cavity

The entry point for the renal artery and the exit for the renal vein and ureter is the ________. a)renal sinus b)collecting duct c)minor calyx d)hilum e)major calyx

d)hilum

Name the type of connective tissue that anchors the ribs onto the sternum. a)elastic cartilage b)fibrocartilage c)dense regular connective tissue d)hyaline cartilage

d)hyaline cartilage

The spermatic cords enter the abdominopelvic cavity through ________. a)straight tubules b)the tunica vaginalis c)ductus deferens d)inguinal canals e) None of the answers are correct.

d)inguinal canals

Why is the parasympathetic division known as the "rest-and-digest" system? a)It produces the mobilization and use of energy reserves. b)It increases activity in cardiovascular and respiratory systems. c)It releases norepinephrine at neuroeffector junctions. d)It conserves energy and promotes sedentary activities.

d)it conserves energy and promotes sedentary activities

One section of the vertebrae tends to carry the most weight and strain, and accordingly those vertebrae have the largest vertebral bodies. Which section of vertebrae is this? a)cervical b)thoracic c)coccygeal d)lumbar

d)lumbar

The __________contains two layers of smooth muscle that provide movement for peristaltic and segmentation contractions. a)muscularis mucosae b)serosa c)submucosa d)muscularis externa

d)muscularis externa

Which is the first part of the renal tubule? a)nephron loop b)glomerular capsule c)distal convoluted tubule d)proximal convoluted tubule e)glomerulus

d)proximal convoluted tuble

Each kidney receives blood from (the) ________. a)descending aorta b)common iliac arteries c)celiac trunk d)renal arteries e)internal iliac arteries

d)renal arteries

Plaque buildup in the left coronary artery (LCA) would NOT affect which portion of the heart? a)left ventricle b)left atrium c)right ventricle d)right atrium

d)right atrium

Which heart structure receives blood from the systemic circuit? a)left ventricle b)right ventricle c)pulmonary vein d)right atrium e)left atrium

d)right atrium

All of the following are true regarding the pancrease except: a)The pancreatic duct delivers exocrine secretions from the pancreas to the duodenal ampulla. b)The surface of the pancreas has a lumpy, nodular texture. c)The secretory units of the exocribe pancreas are called the pancreatic acini. d)The pancreas is primarily retroperitoneal. e)The pancreas has a head, body, and tail, with the tail being located closest to the spleen.

d)the pancreas is primarily retroperitoneal

What is the purpose of the chordae tendineae? a)to prevent leakage of blood back into the ventricles through the semilunar valves b)to keep the atrioventricular valves open during atrial contraction c)to prevent blood from flowing into the pulmonary trunk and aorta d)to keep the atrioventricular cusps from prolapse, preventing regurgitation

d)to keep the atrioventricular cusps from prolapse, preventing regurgitation

Which of the following structures is C-shaped?' a)arytenoid cartilages b)corniculate cartilages c)thyrid cartilage d)trancheal cartilage e)cricoid cartilages

d)trancheal cartilage

Which of the following can be found on cervical vertebrae only? a)facet b)spinous processes c)transverse processes d)transverse foramina e)laminae

d)transverese Foramina

The major function of the vertebral body is to ________. a)provide a passageway for nerves b)allow twisting motions c)protect the spinal cord d)provide support e)transfer weight along the axis of the vertebral column

e

The external marking of the boundary between the two chambers of the scrotum is the ________. a)acrosome b)dartos muscle c)tunica albuginea d)spermatic cord e)raphe of the scrotum

e) raphe of the scrotum

The right border of the heart is supplied by the ________. a)great cardiac vein b)circumflex artery c)anterior interventricular artery d)posterior interventricular artery e)right marginal artery

e) right marginal artery

The ________ are a series of irregular muscular folds formed on the internal surface of the ventricles. a)moderator bands b)chordae tendineae c)papillary muscles d)pectinate muscles e)trabeculae carneae

e) trabeculae carneae

Problems caused by reduced bile secretion may include ________. a)constipation b)decreased protein digestion in the jejunum c)appendicitis d)decreased intestinal motility e)a reduced ability to digest lipids

e)a reduced ability to digest lipids

The external urethral sphincter of the urinary bladder is under the voluntary control of the perineal branch of which nerve? a)testicular or ovarian nerve b)iliohypogastric nerve c)urethral nerve d)ilioinguinal nerve e)pudendal nerve

e)pudendal nerve

Which is/are the known function(s) of the sympathetic innervation of the kidneys? a)stimulation of digestive function b)stimulation of oxytocin c)inhibition of water reabsorption d)inhibition of sodium ion reabsorption e)regulates glomerular blood flow and filtration rates

e)regulates glomerular blood flow and filtration rates

In the inferior segments of the spinal cord, in which spinal segments do the parasympathetic autonomic nuclei lie? a)L3-S2 b)L4-L5 c)T7-T12 d)T8-L5 e)S2-S4

e)s2-s4

The triangular area bounded by the urethral openings and the entrance to the urethra constitutes the ________. a)external urethral sphincter b)internal urethral sphincter c)renal sinus d)detrusor muscle e)trigone

e)trigone

Blood that is moved to and from all of the tissues of the body (with the EXCEPTION of the lungs) is transported in the ________. a)hepatic portal circuit b)infundibular circuit c)systemic circuit d)arterial circle of Willis e)pulmonary circuit

systemic circuit