Anatomy (previous test/quiz answers)

A patient comes into the emergency room with weakness on one side and difficult walking and talking. You determine that the brain has been deprived of oxygen due to lack of regional blood flow. You suspect that patient has most likely experienced.

A cerebrovascular accident

Mike falls off his skateboard and sprains his ankle. Which of the following most likely occurs with this type of accident?

A ligament is stretched and collagen fibers in the ligament are damaged

The adult heart is roughly the size of

A man's clenched first

A rise in cortisol would cause an increase in each of the following except

ACTH levels

After brain surgery, a patient receiving postoperative care in an intensive care unit began to pass large volumes of very dilute urine. The ICU nurse administered a medicine that mimics one of the following hormones. Which one?

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

Which gland is called the "emergency gland" and helps the body adjust to stress?

Adrenal (suprarrenal)

Following a head injury, Kevin can think of the word he wants to say but cannot make his mouth form the correct sounds to produce the word. He is most likely suffering from damage to

Broca's area

All of the following are known effects of thyroid hormones except

Decreased cellular metabolism

"Head injuries in football" Stage 4

Dementia, difficulty finding words, aggression

"Head injuries in football" Stage 2

Depression, explosive behavior, short term memory loss

The specific strip of skin that is inner aged by a specific spinal nerve is called a

Dermatome

Mental and physical sluggishness and low body temperature may be signs of

Hypothyroidism

The condition known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD) may be caused by

Increased levels of melatonin

Which of the following elements is necessary for the production of thyroid hormone?

Iodine

type 2 diabetes

Is a lack of insulin production

Which of the following is not true of meningitis?

It only affects spinal meninges.

Male brains are typically ________ compared to female brains.

Larger

While playing football, Ramon is tackled hard, and as he tries to get up, he finds that he has difficult flexing and addicting his left thigh and extending his left leg. Which nerve innervating the lower limb may be damaged, and how would the damage affect sensory perception in Ramon's left leg?

Left femoral nerve

Addison disease

Low cortisol levels

Hashimotos disease

Low thyroid level

What is the normal range of hemoglobin for males/females?

Male: 14-18 g/dL Female: 12-16 g/dL

As a result of having Gestational diabetes, women are more likely to

Need oxytocin and luteinizing hormone

The pulmonary valve prevents backward flow into the

Right ventricle

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is

TSH

Thyroid hormone may increase cellular ATP production by binding to

The mitocondria

Which of the following statements about blood is false?

The normal pH of blood is 4.8 to 5.5

Cushing syndrome is diagnosed when a person has

Too much cortisol

All of the following are true of steroid hormones except that they

are produced by the kidneys

The cerebellum can be permanently damaged by stroke or temporarily affected by drugs or alcohol. The resulting disturbance in motor control is known as

ataxia

The first cervical vertebra is called the

atlas

In a procedure known as _____, an inflatable balloon at the end of a catheter is used to press plaque back against the vessel wall

balloon angioplasty

If a patient is administered a powerful glucocorticoid (such as prednisone) to suppress the immune system, what unintended effects might this have on blood chemistry?

both an increase of insulin and an increase in blood glucoses

Cells in the brain

can absorb glucose without insulin stimulation

Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of

cardiac muscle cells

The term used to describe fluid collecting in the pericardial cavity that restricts the movement of the heart is known as

cardiac tamponade

The spinal cord is part of the ________ nervous system.

central

When you perform a physical activity that you have not done in a while, such as riding a bike, which area of your brain coordinates your movements with learned experiences?

cerebellum

A procedure in which a length of the patient's vein or artery is used to create a detour around an obstruction in a coronary artery is called

coronary artery bypass graft

A hormone that promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver is

cortisol

A ____ occurs when articulating surfaces are forced out of position

dislocation

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone

erythropoietin

Excess secretion of growth hormone during early development will cause

gigantism

Cushings disease results from an excess of

glucocorticoids

Which of the following hormones may lead to acromegaly if hyper secreted after closure of the epiphyseal plates?

growth hormone

Some rat poisons contain a toxin that blocks the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would die of

hemorrhage

In persons with untreated diabetes mellitus all of the following are true, except

intracellular and tissue levels of glucose is very high.

Eileen is a strict vegan and therefore eats no animal products. She develops an anemia that her doctor thinks is caused by a nutritional deficiency. Which of the following is the likeliest candidate?

iron deficiency anemia

Which chamber has the thickest wall?

left ventricle

Which of the following might occur in an overdose of insulin?

low blood glucose

During the procedure known as a(n) ________, a needle is inserted into the subarachnoid space in the inferior lumbar region.

lumbar puncture

The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the

lungs

Autonomic centers that control blood pressure, heart rate, and digestion are located in the

medulla oblongata

If a person has a crush injury to the C3-C5 spinal segments, you would expect that he

might be unable to breathe on his own

After suffering a blow to the back of the head, Phil loses his vision. The blow probably caused damage to the

occipital lobe

Arrange the spinal meninges from innermost layer to outermost layer.

pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater

Melatonin is produced by the

pineal gland

The function of platelets is to assist in the

process called hemostasis.

The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is

prolactin

Which of these is not one of the main divisions of the adult brain?

prosencephalon

Which of the following is not a function of cerebrospinal fluid?

provides ATP for impulse transmission

Oxygen is added to blood as it flows through the ____ circuit

pulmonary

Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the

pulmonary valve

Compared to the right ventricle, the left ventricle has all the following characteristics except

pumps a greater volume

All the circulating red blood cells in an adult originate in the

red bone marrow

Which of the following elements has a greater attraction for oxygen in the blood?

Hydrogen

Per the article given put in class, "head injuries in football" a concussion is not a bruise to brain caused by hitting a hard surface. The injury generally occurs when the head either accelerated rapidly and then it stopped or spun rapidly. The results often include confusion, blurred visions, memory loss, nausea and unconsciousness. A person who suffers a concussion is _____ times more likely to sustain a second one

4

The are _____ pulmonary veins

4

The average life span of a red blood cell is

4 months

Blood volume represents about ________ percent of a person's body weight.

7

Muscles of the neck and shoulder are innervated by spinal nerves from the _____ region.

Cervical

"Head injuries in football" Stage 3

Cognitive impairment, trouble with planning/organizing

Which of the following hormones increases and prolongs effects of the (fight/flight) sympathetic nervous

Cortisol

Hyposecretion of cortisol causes

Cushing's syndrome

If a diabetic patient received too much insulin, the low blood sugar could be corrected by giving

Glucose

"Head injuries in football" Stage 1

Headaches, loss of attention and connection

Which problem is related to untreated diabetes mellitus?

Heart attack

Cushing syndrome

High cortisol levels

Graves disease

High thyroid levels

A hormone might

alter a membrane channel by changing its shape, thereby affecting what can go through it.

A slightly movable joint is a(n)

amphiarthrosis

increased aggressive and assertive behavior is associated with an increase in which of these hormones

androgens

______ is a condition in which the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood is reduced

anemia

You have spent 24 hours traveling from the U.S to New Zealand, on quite a few airplanes with many stops. Because of the stress, changes in time zones, and short blocks of time between planes, you find yourself tired with a headache when you arrive. You are severely dehydrated. A hematocrit value of your blood would be ________ than normal because ________.

higher; you have less blood plasma volume

________ are chemical messengers that are released by cells and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues.

hormones

The main action of antidiuretic hormone is

increased water conservation by kidneys

Which of the following is not a function of synovial fluid?

increases osmotic pressure within joint

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is

insulin

One cause for insulin resistance in non-insulin dependent (Type II) diabetes is

insulin receptor down-regulation

Erythropoietin is a hormone

released by the liver to stimulate red blood cell formation.

One possible consequence of untreated strep throat is a disease causing inflammation of heart called

rheumatic fever

The right ventricle pumps blood to the

right and left lungs

Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the

right atrium

An immovable joint is a(n)

synarthrosis

TSH plays a key role in the ________ of thyroid hormones.

synthesis and release

Cells that respond to a hormone are called ________ cells.

target

Damage to the medulla oblongata can result in death because

the vital centers for the control of blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing are located there.

The spinal cord consists of four regions and ____ pairs of spinal nerves

thirty-one

Why might someone want to take erythropoietin in a non medical situation?

to increase oxygen-carrying capacity and increase stamina

The most abundant component of plasma is

water

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called

whole blood