ArtHist Final
Omphalion
"the naval" the center/ naval of the building. The large marble circular shaped part of the floor that was at the center of the building. This is where the emperor/ king would sit.
opus francigenum
(Latin, "French work") architecture in the style of Gothic France
Open vs Closed Artworks
open artworks are subject to change, closed artworks are not (something continually changing vs. an authored, finished work)
Encaustic
painting technique with pigment mixed into melted wax, applied hot
La Convivencia
period of relative peaceful co-existence of Muslims, Christians, and Jews in the Iberian peninsula ca. 711-1100 CE
waqf
pious endowment in islamic world
Icon
portrait or image; esp. in Byzantine art, a panel with a painting of a sacred person used as an object of veneration. In general, a painting, sculpture, or building that is the object of veneration.
Primary versus Secondary Relic
primary relics are pieces of a saint's body, secondary relics are objects (clothing, etc) that was touched by a saint or holy figure
radiating chapels
projecting chapels arranged radially around ambulatory of the east end of a church
aniconism/aniconic
representations in art without human (and often animal) forms
Bricolage
s.t. made up of diverse materials (Karl added "not hiding this fact")
tympanum/tympana
semi-circular or triangular wall surface over an entrance
tympanum
semi-circular or triangular wall surface over an entrance bounded by a lintel (btm) and arch (top); usually filled with sculpture or other ornament
barrel vault
simple, continuous vault, semicircular in cross section
bays
space between two columns, or a unit in the nave arcade of a church
choir
space reserved for clergy + singers in a church usually east of the transept
Muqarnas
stucco decorations of Islamic buildings in which stalactite-like forms break a structure's solidity.
Muqarnas decoration
stucco decorations of Islamic buildings in which stalactite-like forms break a structure's solidity.
Muqarnas decoration:
stucco decorations of Islamic buildings in which stalactite-like forms break a structure's solidity.
Continuous Narrative
successive episodes where characters are repeated within ongoing space
Ribbed groin vault
supporting structure for vault, made up of pointed arches - ribbing is the edge that sticks out
Embroidery
technique of sewing onto a finished ground to form contrasting designs.
Rayonnant Gothic
the "radiant" style of Gothic architecture, dominant in the second half of the 13thcentury and associated with the royal court of Louix IX at Paris
Iconoclasm
the intentional destruction of art
Minaret
the long tower like additions to the building when it was turned into a mosque.
pilgrimage
a journey to a sacred place or shrine
cameo
a medallion of semi-precious stone, gem, or shell carved in relief (often a profile portrait and with raised design of a contrasting color to the background).
Mihrab
a semicircular niche set into the qibla (direction of Mecca) wall of a mosque
Flying buttress
a specific form of buttress composed of an arched structure that extends from the upper portion of a wall to a pier of great mass, in order to convey to the ground the lateral forces that push a wall outwards
flying buttress
a specific form of buttress composed of an arched structure that extends from the upper portion of a wall to a pier of great mass, in order to convey to the ground the lateral forces that push a wall outwards
Shrine
a structure housing a sacred relic, or other object (sometimes dedicated to a deity, etc)
diptych
a two-paneled painting or altarpiece
typological portrait
an image of a figure (usually a ruler) depicting a type (akin to an earlier ruler or Christ, etc.)
Memorial Image
any portrait image that commemorates a particular person
Pendentives
arches that transfer the weight of the dome to the four piers or supports
crossing square
area in a church formed by intersection (crossing) of a nave and transept of equal width
Relic
body parts, clothing, or objects associated with a holy figure; also the bones of an ancestor in Africa.
blazon
code of arms, but for muslims family logo
Ornament
decoration
adorsed figures
designs featuring animals or figures placed back to back, frequently seen in Islamic art
royal portal
doorway of a Gothic cathedral decorated with images of Old Testament kings
portal
doorway, entrance or gate
Byzatine/Byzantium
eastern roman empire that continues on the Roman emperors no longer rule Rome. Also name of a Greek city
Tiraz
embroidered inscriptions found on Islamic garments
Justinian
emperor who recapture the western regions that used to be part of the Roman heritage. He would sometimes show himself as a Roman emperor in portraits - only he Christianizes the images.
Gospels
four books of the New Testament by the evangelists on the life + teachings of Jesus
Flashed Glass
glass colored by fusing a clear glass with one that is colored (esp. dark red where the glass would be too thin to withstand wind, etc.)
jambs
the side posts of a doorway
Eastern Orthodox Church (Great Schism)
the split of the churches into the Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church
Furta Sacra
the stealing of relics
Idolatry
the worship of idols (or images)
Typology
ypology (Biblical and internal) Biblical Typology = In Christian theology, the recognition of concordances between events, especially between episodes in the Old and New Testaments; Internal Typology = links created within a single story
Sardonyx
hard semi-precious stone with layers of different colors; used in carved cameos
Moralized Bible
heavily illustrated Bible, each page pairing paintings of Old and New Testament episodes with explanations of their moral significance
Carpet Page
highly decorated page of intricate geometric design work in a gospel book
Cult Image
human-made object that is venerated or worshipped for the deity, spirit or daemon that it embodies or represents.
idol/idolatry
image used as an object worship the worship of idols
trumeau
in church architecture, the pillar or center post supporting the lintel in the middle of a doorway
intercessor
intermediary between worshiper and god
Mantle
large semi-circular cloth garment (a cape); worn by clergy in Christian ritual
Cames
lead strips in a stained glass window that joins separate pieces of colored glass
Pointed Arch
narrow arch of pointed profile, in contrast to a semicircular arch
pointed arch
narrow arch of pointed profile, in contrast to a semicircular arch
Iconoclast and Iconophile
a "breaker of images"
rose window
a circular stained glass window
Reliquary
a container for a relic
Visigoths
nomadic tribes of Germanic Goths
Enamel
a decorative coating, usually colored, fusedonto the surface of metal, glass, or ceramic
enamel
a decorative coating, usually colored, fusedonto the surface of metal, glass, or ceramic
Beatus Manuscript
one of 25+ copies of Bk. of Revelations + commentary by Beatus of Liebana
Evangelist
one of four apostles (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John) authors of gospels in New Testament
Louis IX
13thcentury king of France
nave elevation (arcade, triforium/gallery, clerestory
3 levels arcade: lowest triforium/gallery: middle, people could walk here cleeestory: the top
Mozarabic
Arab influenced culture in Iberian peninsula ca. 700-100
Horseshoe Arch
Arches in which the curves are carried below the springing line so that the opening at the bottom of the arch is less than its greatest span
Biblical Typology
Biblical Typology = In Christian theology, the recognition of concordances between events, especially between episodes in the Old and New Testaments
Internal Typology
Internal Typology = links created within a single story
Mosque
Islamic building for collective worship; from Arabic masjid, "place for bowing down"
Caliph
Islamic rulers, regarded as successors of Muhammad
Spolia
Latin "spoils." Older statues and reliefs reused in later monuments.
Al-Andalus
Muslim controlled Iberian peninsula ca. 700-1100