ArtHist Final

Omphalion

"the naval" the center/ naval of the building. The large marble circular shaped part of the floor that was at the center of the building. This is where the emperor/ king would sit.

opus francigenum

(Latin, "French work") architecture in the style of Gothic France

Open vs Closed Artworks

open artworks are subject to change, closed artworks are not (something continually changing vs. an authored, finished work)

Encaustic

painting technique with pigment mixed into melted wax, applied hot

La Convivencia

period of relative peaceful co-existence of Muslims, Christians, and Jews in the Iberian peninsula ca. 711-1100 CE

waqf

pious endowment in islamic world

Icon

portrait or image; esp. in Byzantine art, a panel with a painting of a sacred person used as an object of veneration. In general, a painting, sculpture, or building that is the object of veneration.

Primary versus Secondary Relic

primary relics are pieces of a saint's body, secondary relics are objects (clothing, etc) that was touched by a saint or holy figure

radiating chapels

projecting chapels arranged radially around ambulatory of the east end of a church

aniconism/aniconic

representations in art without human (and often animal) forms

Bricolage

s.t. made up of diverse materials (Karl added "not hiding this fact")

tympanum/tympana

semi-circular or triangular wall surface over an entrance

tympanum

semi-circular or triangular wall surface over an entrance bounded by a lintel (btm) and arch (top); usually filled with sculpture or other ornament

barrel vault

simple, continuous vault, semicircular in cross section

bays

space between two columns, or a unit in the nave arcade of a church

choir

space reserved for clergy + singers in a church usually east of the transept

Muqarnas

stucco decorations of Islamic buildings in which stalactite-like forms break a structure's solidity.

Muqarnas decoration

stucco decorations of Islamic buildings in which stalactite-like forms break a structure's solidity.

Muqarnas decoration:

stucco decorations of Islamic buildings in which stalactite-like forms break a structure's solidity.

Continuous Narrative

successive episodes where characters are repeated within ongoing space

Ribbed groin vault

supporting structure for vault, made up of pointed arches - ribbing is the edge that sticks out

Embroidery

technique of sewing onto a finished ground to form contrasting designs.

Rayonnant Gothic

the "radiant" style of Gothic architecture, dominant in the second half of the 13thcentury and associated with the royal court of Louix IX at Paris

Iconoclasm

the intentional destruction of art

Minaret

the long tower like additions to the building when it was turned into a mosque.

pilgrimage

a journey to a sacred place or shrine

cameo

a medallion of semi-precious stone, gem, or shell carved in relief (often a profile portrait and with raised design of a contrasting color to the background).

Mihrab

a semicircular niche set into the qibla (direction of Mecca) wall of a mosque

Flying buttress

a specific form of buttress composed of an arched structure that extends from the upper portion of a wall to a pier of great mass, in order to convey to the ground the lateral forces that push a wall outwards

flying buttress

a specific form of buttress composed of an arched structure that extends from the upper portion of a wall to a pier of great mass, in order to convey to the ground the lateral forces that push a wall outwards

Shrine

a structure housing a sacred relic, or other object (sometimes dedicated to a deity, etc)

diptych

a two-paneled painting or altarpiece

typological portrait

an image of a figure (usually a ruler) depicting a type (akin to an earlier ruler or Christ, etc.)

Memorial Image

any portrait image that commemorates a particular person

Pendentives

arches that transfer the weight of the dome to the four piers or supports

crossing square

area in a church formed by intersection (crossing) of a nave and transept of equal width

Relic

body parts, clothing, or objects associated with a holy figure; also the bones of an ancestor in Africa.

blazon

code of arms, but for muslims family logo

Ornament

decoration

adorsed figures

designs featuring animals or figures placed back to back, frequently seen in Islamic art

royal portal

doorway of a Gothic cathedral decorated with images of Old Testament kings

portal

doorway, entrance or gate

Byzatine/Byzantium

eastern roman empire that continues on the Roman emperors no longer rule Rome. Also name of a Greek city

Tiraz

embroidered inscriptions found on Islamic garments

Justinian

emperor who recapture the western regions that used to be part of the Roman heritage. He would sometimes show himself as a Roman emperor in portraits - only he Christianizes the images.

Gospels

four books of the New Testament by the evangelists on the life + teachings of Jesus

Flashed Glass

glass colored by fusing a clear glass with one that is colored (esp. dark red where the glass would be too thin to withstand wind, etc.)

jambs

the side posts of a doorway

Eastern Orthodox Church (Great Schism)

the split of the churches into the Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church

Furta Sacra

the stealing of relics

Idolatry

the worship of idols (or images)

Typology

ypology (Biblical and internal) Biblical Typology = In Christian theology, the recognition of concordances between events, especially between episodes in the Old and New Testaments; Internal Typology = links created within a single story

Sardonyx

hard semi-precious stone with layers of different colors; used in carved cameos

Moralized Bible

heavily illustrated Bible, each page pairing paintings of Old and New Testament episodes with explanations of their moral significance

Carpet Page

highly decorated page of intricate geometric design work in a gospel book

Cult Image

human-made object that is venerated or worshipped for the deity, spirit or daemon that it embodies or represents.

idol/idolatry

image used as an object worship the worship of idols

trumeau

in church architecture, the pillar or center post supporting the lintel in the middle of a doorway

intercessor

intermediary between worshiper and god

Mantle

large semi-circular cloth garment (a cape); worn by clergy in Christian ritual

Cames

lead strips in a stained glass window that joins separate pieces of colored glass

Pointed Arch

narrow arch of pointed profile, in contrast to a semicircular arch

pointed arch

narrow arch of pointed profile, in contrast to a semicircular arch

Iconoclast and Iconophile

a "breaker of images"

rose window

a circular stained glass window

Reliquary

a container for a relic

Visigoths

nomadic tribes of Germanic Goths

Enamel

a decorative coating, usually colored, fusedonto the surface of metal, glass, or ceramic

enamel

a decorative coating, usually colored, fusedonto the surface of metal, glass, or ceramic

Beatus Manuscript

one of 25+ copies of Bk. of Revelations + commentary by Beatus of Liebana

Evangelist

one of four apostles (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John) authors of gospels in New Testament

Louis IX

13thcentury king of France

nave elevation (arcade, triforium/gallery, clerestory

3 levels arcade: lowest triforium/gallery: middle, people could walk here cleeestory: the top

Mozarabic

Arab influenced culture in Iberian peninsula ca. 700-100

Horseshoe Arch

Arches in which the curves are carried below the springing line so that the opening at the bottom of the arch is less than its greatest span

Biblical Typology

Biblical Typology = In Christian theology, the recognition of concordances between events, especially between episodes in the Old and New Testaments

Internal Typology

Internal Typology = links created within a single story

Mosque

Islamic building for collective worship; from Arabic masjid, "place for bowing down"

Caliph

Islamic rulers, regarded as successors of Muhammad

Spolia

Latin "spoils." Older statues and reliefs reused in later monuments.

Al-Andalus

Muslim controlled Iberian peninsula ca. 700-1100