anatomy sem

Inferior

Lower on the body, farther from the head

Which of the following membranes lines all body cavities that are open to the exterior?

Mucous

what are the survival needs?

Nutrients, oxygen, water, normal body temp. and atmospheric pressure

Which of the following activities represents a physiological study? Making a section through the kidney to observe its interior Examining the surface of a bone Viewing muscle tissue through a microscope Studying how the layers of the skin are organized Observing how the heart contracts to pump blood

Observing how the heart contracts to pump blood

Which layer of the epidermis is composed of flattened, dead, keratin-filled cells?

Stratum corneum

Which of the following reduces friction in movable joints, such as the knee?

Synovial fluid

Distal

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

The large hole located in the base of the occipital bone that allows the spinal cord and brain to connect is the ________. vertebral foramen intervertebral foramen occipital condyle foramen magnum

foramen magnum

anterior

front of the body

Which system covers the external surface of the body and protects deeper tissues?

integumentary system

all the organ systems

integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive

the hyoid bone is unique because it ________. is the only bone of the body that does not directly articulate with any other bone is an irregular bone belongs to both the axial and appendicular skeletons largely consists of cartilage has no specific function

is the only bone of the body that does not directly articulate with any other bone

The area that contains glassy hyaline cartilage that provides a smooth slippery surface that decreases friction is indicated by ________. Label D (end of bone) Label A(inside of bone with air pocket) Label E Label H Label B

label D

The femur, tibia, humerus, and radius are all classified as ________. long bones irregular bones sesamoid bones compact bones flat bones

long bones

Which spinal curvature is associated with the lower back and appears when a baby begins to walk? Cervical Sacral Lumbar Thoracic Primary

lumbar

What are the necessary life functions?

maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, growth

The sternum is the result of fusion of three bones called the ________. true ribs, manubrium, xiphoid process manubrium, body, xiphoid process pubis, ischium, ilium jugular notch, sternal angle, xiphisternal joint ischium, ilium, coccyx

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

The spinal cord is best described as _______ to the arms. lateral. medial. ventral (anterior). proximal.

medial

superficial

near the surface

Which of the following levels of organization is inclusive of all others? Tissue level Organ level Organ system level Cellular level Chemical level

organ system level

The process of bone formation is known as ________. hematopoiesis ossification metabolism hemostasis

ossification

What type of sensor monitors and responds to changes in the environment in a negative feedback loop? Control center Effector Receptor Stimulus

receptor

The nervous system consists of ________. muscles of the heart glands that produce hormones receptors and effectors bones, cartilage, and joints lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and lymphoid organs

receptors and effectors

Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system? Protection of soft body organs Support the body Storage of fat and minerals Regulation of blood pressure

regulation of blood pressure

The ability to sense a mosquito landing on your arm and swat it away is described as ________. responsiveness (irritability) metabolism homeostasis excretion

responsiveness (irritability)

Where is the diaphysis?

shaft of bone

Cube-shaped bones that contain mostly spongy bone are called ________ bones. flat long short irregular

short

The skeletal muscles that contract and shorten to move the bones form the ________ system. reproductive skeletal endocrine muscular

skeletal

Jan got her microscope slides mixed up in lab as they were unlabeled. The skin slide with abundant adipose tissue should be labeled as the ________.

subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)

Immovable joints are functionally classified as ________. amphiarthroses synarthroses diarthroses symphyses

synarthroses

What type of joint is characterized by the presence of a joint cavity, ligaments, and articular cartilage with an articular capsule? Amphiarthroses Synarthroses Fibrous joints Cartilaginous joints Synovial joint

synovial joint

The presence of an epiphyseal plate indicates that ________. bone length is no longer increasing bone diameter is increasing bone is dead bone length is increasing bone diameter is decreasing

the bone is increasing

the proximal epiphysis is where

the end closest to the body

Which type of rib connects directly to the sternum by way of costal cartilage? False and floating ribs False ribs only True ribs only Floating ribs only True and false ribs

true ribs only

What bones protect the spinal cord? Sternum Coxal bones Vertebrae Ribs

vertebrae

What accounts for 60 to 80 percent of the body's weight, depending on the age of the individual? Water Carbohydrates Carbon Minerals

water

The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships to one another is called ________. homeostasis anatomy physiology irritability negative feedback

anatomy

Ventral is a directional term synonymous with ________ in humans. dorsal posterior anterior medial

anterior

Which directional term best describes the location of the human nose? inferior lateral anterior posterior distal

anterior

Which of the following orientation and directional terms have the same meaning (in humans)? Inferior and cephalic Anterior and dorsal Anterior and ventral Inferior and cranial Superior and caudal

anterior and ventral

Bone growth in width that occurs due to weight lifting at age 40 is most likely ________. occurring at the epiphyseal lines none since bones do not grow after adolescence due to rickets appositional growth occurring at the epiphyseal plates

appositional growth

How would you classify the shoulder and hip joints? Condylar joint Hinge joint Ball-and-socket joint Saddle joint Pivot joint

ball and socket joint

intermediate

between medial and lateral

The major organs of the skeletal system are the ________. brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors skeletal muscles pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs heart and blood vessels bones, cartilages, and joints

bones, cartiages, and joints

The heart and blood vessels are the primary organs of the ________ system. lymphatic integumentary muscular cardiovascular

cardiovascular

Which of the following is the smallest unit of all living things?

cell

Julie experienced a break in the shaft of her femur. What part of her bone was fractured? Epiphyseal plate Articular cartilage Epiphysis Diaphysis Epiphyseal line

diaphysis

When correctly situated in anatomical position, where are your feet in relation to your knees? Proximal Deep Distal Medial Superior

distal

When our body temperature rises above 37°C or 98.6°F, a negative feedback mechanism will be triggered to lower the body temperature. As a result, our sweat glands release sweat to cool the body temperature. What part of the negative feedback mechanism is the sweat gland? Control center Stimulus Effector Receptor

effector

Osteoporosis is a bone-thinning disease that often affects young women. False True

false

The last two pairs of ribs are called true ribs because they have no attachments to the sternum. False True

false

The body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions is referred to as ________. homeostasis metabolism irritability output

homeostasis

superior

toward the head

Caudal

toward the lower part of the body

medial

toward the midline

A newborn baby has an S-shaped spinal curvature known as a primary curvature. False True

true

How does the formation of a bony callus assist with the process of bone healing after a fracture? The bony callus is made of spongy bone, which replaces the fibrocartilage callus. Cells forming the bony callus help to splint the broken bone and close the gap. The blood clot created upon the fracture of the bone is removed by phagocytes within the fibrocartilage callus. The presence of a bony callus allows new blood vessels to grow into the damaged site.

Cells forming the bony callus help to splint the broken bone and close the gap.

the area the cause the lengthwise growth in a long bone?

Epiphyseal line/plate

From superior to inferior, what is the correct order of the vertebrae? lumbar, thoracic, and cervical sacral, cervical, and lumbar cervical, lumbar, and thoracic cervical, thoracic, and lumbar

cervical, thoracic, and lumbar

When growing bones widen through appositional growth, what cells add bone matrix to the outside of the diaphysis? Osteoclasts Erythrocytes Chondrocytes Osteoblasts Osteocytes

osteoblasts

Which of these bones is the most inferior? Sacrum Axis Atlas Lumbar vertebrae Coccyx

sacrum

Explain how the anatomy of compact bone differs from that of spongy bone. What is significant about the aspects that make them different?

Compact and spongy bone differ in structure because the compact bone is tightly packed and has extracellular matrix with no spaces and the spongy bone has holes in there to take the weight away.

Explain the relationship between anatomy and physiology.

The relationship between anatomy and physiology is that they are both the study of the body. Anatomy is the study of body parts and physiology is the study of those body parts and how they work

Which of the following could create an open, or compound, fracture? When the broken bone penetrates through the skin When the bone is broken into many fragments When adjacent bones fracture simultaneously When the bone is crushed When the broken bone ends are forced into each other

When the broken bone penetrates through the skin

dorsal body cavities

cranial and spinal cavities

Select the functional type of joint with the least amount of mobility. Synovial Amphiarthrosis Cartilaginous Synarthrosis Diarthrosis

synarthrosis

To perform heart surgery, an incision is made into the ________ cavity. abdominal thoracic cranial pelvic

thoracic

Dorsal

toward the back

Posterior

toward the back

Cranial

toward the head

The diaphragm creates a ________ section by dividing the ventral body cavity into superior and inferior subdivisions. frontal (coronal) transverse (cross) midsagittal median

transverse

Diarthroses have a greater degree of mobility and flexibility than synarthroses. False True

true

There are seven cervical, twelve thoracic, and five lumbar vertebrae. False True

true

What will decrease a person's risk for development of the bone-thinning disease known as osteoporosis? Diet poor in calcium and protein Loss of estrogen in females who are post-menopausal Smoking Lack of vitamin D Weight-bearing exercises

weight bearing exercises

The head of the humerus fits into the ________ of the scapula. suprascapular notch glenoid cavity coracoid process acromion process

glenoid cavity

Proximal

Closer to the point of attachment

Explain the terms distal and proximal using an example.

Distal is farther away from the trunk of the body Proximal is closer to the trunk of the body An example of this would be my knee is proximal to the trunk of my body compared to my toes, they are distal to the trunk of my body

What is gross anatomy?

The study of body structures that can be observed without magnification

Burn patients have difficulty in regulating their body temperatures, in part due to the loss of their protective covering. Given your knowledge of how homeostatic control systems operate, predict why burn patients may often be cold.

They are missing their outer layer of skin that helps regulate their body temperature. Simce thry are missing this, their bodies can't get up to a certain temperature that would then regulate their temperature.

Ventral

Toward the belly

Which vitamin is synthesized by the skin?

Vitamin D

What is physiology?

the study of function of the body - how the body parts work and carry out their life sustaining activities

A wound care doctor tends to a patient with a sunburn. Upon examination, she sees blisters and red, swollen skin. The patient complains of pain. What feature of this burn distinguishes it from a first-degree burn?

Blisters

What type of tissue covers the epiphysis of bones and reduces friction in the joints? Endosteum Spongy bone Periosteum Yellow marrow Articular cartilage

articular cartilage

Two or more bones meet at a location called a(n) ________. hematoma articulation (joint) fracture marrow cavity

articulation (joint)

Which of the following represents the chemical level of structure in the human body? Cells Tissues Atoms Organs Organ systems

atoms

lateral

away from the midline

A body part that is considered lateral is understood to be ________.

away from the midline of the body

deep

away from the surface

The skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage form the ________ skeleton. main axial appendicular central

axial

A bone fracture that results in the bone being broken into many fragments is a ________. compound fracture comminuted fracture compression fracture simple fracture greenstick fracture

comminuted fracture

An eighty-six-year old woman has lost several inches of height due to crushed bone in her vertebrae. What type is common in osteoporotic bones of older people? Compression Greenstick Impacted Spiral

compression

When we imagine a person exhibiting anatomical position, the palms of the hands are assumed to be facing ________. to the side forward behind down

forward

The main function of the respiratory system is to ________. break down food and deliver the products to the blood for dispersal transport oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to and from body cells and tissues produce sperm and eggs control body activities through hormones released into the blood supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

ventral body cavities

thoracic and abdominopelvic

list the steps in the repair process of a simple fracture

1) the formation of hematoma at the break, 2) the formation of a fibrocartilaginous callus, 3) the formation of a bony callus, and 4) remodeling and addition of compact bone

Six levels of structural organization

1. atoms 2. cells 3. tissues 4. organs 5. organ systems 6. organisms

There are four stages in the healing of a bone fracture. Which of the following best illustrates the sequence of these stages? 1. bony callus formation2. bone remodeling3. fibrocartilage callus formation4. hematoma formation

4, 3,1,2

what is anatomy?

Study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another