Anatomy-Skull-Exam 2

There are ________ pairs of cranial nerves.

12

The skull contains ________ bones.

22

What type of neuroglial cells are responsible for establishing the blood-brain barrier?

Astrocytes

The old saying "Practice makes perfect" is related to training which structure of the nervous system.

Cerebellum

Because of its position in the skull, there is one bone that forms part of the floor of the cranium, the roof of the nasal cavity, a wall of the eye orbit, and divides the nasal cavity into two parts. Which bone does all this?

Ethmoid bone

The superior and middle nasal conchae are part of which bone?

Ethmoid bone

A patient complains that he/she has lost the ability to taste sweets. Which cranial nerve is damaged?

Facial

Which of the following is a function of the cerebellum?

Fine-tuning muscle movements

Which ventricle lies between the pons and the cerebrum?

Fourth

Which bone is NOT part of the floor of the cranium?

Frontal

Which cerebral lobes are the most anterior?

Frontal lobes

What are the structures in the cerebrum that are elevated ridges, which increase surface area to increase the number of neurons in a specific area?

Gyri

What is the area of the limbic system associated with learning, storage, and retrieval of new and long-term memories?

Hippocampus

Which of the following bones does NOT directly articulate with the skull but is an important site for muscle attachment for the larynx, pharynx, and tongue?

Hyoid bone

Deviation of tongue indicates damage to which cranial nerve?

Hypoglossal

You are standing at a crowded subway station in NYC. You hear a loud noise and suddenly get startled and turn your head toward the direction the loud noise. Which structure is controlling this behavior and movement?

Inferior colliculi

Which of the following is a function of the basal nuclei?

Maintaining muscle tone and coordination of learned movement patterns

Which of the following forms the lower jaw?

Mandible

Which of the following is NOT a cranial bone?

Maxilla

Which part of the brainstem has a control center that sets the basic pace or rhythm of breathing?

Medulla oblongata

What is the sequence of the structures that make up the brain stem going from the diencephalon to the spinal cord?

Midbrain, pons, and medulla

Which cranial nerves are concerned with eyeball movement?

Nerves III, IV, and VI

Which cranial nerves originate in the pons?

Nerves V, VI, VII, and VIII

Which of the following collections of bones include bones that are unpaired in the skull?

Occipital and frontal bones

Which bone forms the posterior and inferior portions of the cranium and contains a large opening called the foramen magnum?

Occipital bone

Drooping eyelids could be as a result of a damage to which cranial nerve?

Oculomotor

Which of the meninges adheres to the surface of the brain and accompanies the branches of the blood vessels as they penetrate the surface of the brain?

Pia mater

Which of the following produces the hormone melatonin?

Pineal gland

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cerebrospinal fluid?

Providing the blood-brain barrier

Which of the following is NOT a function of the medulla oblongata?

Receiving and interpreting visual stimuli

You are sound asleep. Your dog decides to get up and walk around the house and in the process steps on a lose floor board and causes it to make a cracking sound. You wake up! What structure was responsible for waking you up from sleep?

Reticular activating system

____________ is a collection of clusters of neurons responsible for consciousness.

Reticular activating system

Which part of the sphenoid bone houses the pituitary gland?

Sella turcica

Damage to cranial nerve I leads to loss of which sensation?

Smell

What are the two types of cranial reflexes?

Somatic and visceral

The nuclei in the midbrain responsible for secreting dopamine is _________.

Substantia nigra

You are attending the Indi 500 and as cars pass you by, your eyes and head follow the race cars. Which structure is controlling this movement?

Superior colliculi

Which of the following bone structures exist at the fusion point between two cranial bones?

Suture

Which of the following bones contains the auditory ossicles?

Temporal bone

Which bones of the skull form the lateral walls of the cranium, house the inner ear, articulate with the mandible, and have attachments for muscles that move the jaw and head?

Temporal bones

Which dural folds covers and separates cerebellum from the cerebrum?

Tentorium cerebelli

Which of the following is NOT part of the brain stem?

Thalamus

Which of the meningeal membranes creates a space outside the brain where cerebrospinal fluid circulates?

The arachnoid mater

What is the last spot where CSF circulates before being resorbed by the circulatory system?

The arachnoid villi

Which of the following provide(s) mechanical protection for the brain by cradling it?

The bones of the skull

What major region of the brain is responsible for conscious thought processes, sensations, intellectual functions, memory, and complex motor patterns?

The cerebrum

Which part of the brain regulates the functioning of the autonomic nervous system?

The hypothalamus

What are two structures that integrate the functioning of the nervous system and endocrine system?

The hypothalamus and pituitary gland

Have you ever noticed how we humans turn our head in response to a loud noise? What part of the midbrain is involved in bringing about this response to the loud noise?

The inferior colliculi

Which part of the brain is known as the "Motivational System"?

The limbic system

Which lobe of the cerebrum is concerned with the sense of vision?

The occipital lobe

After suffering a stroke, the patient is unable to speak. He can understand what is said to him and write messages, but he cannot express himself verbally. Which part of his brain was affected by the stroke?

The speech center or Broca's area

Inactivity of the neurons in which part of the midbrain is involved in Parkinson's disease?

The substantia nigra

What of the following are two parts of the brain that compose the diencephalon?

The thalamus and hypothalamus

Why do we test cranial reflexes?

To assess damage to cranial nerves and associated processing centers

Which of the following is NOT a function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Transport blood to brain structures

Stimulation of which cranial nerve will reduce heart rate?

Vagus

Stimulation of which cranial nerve will stimulate the digestive system?

Vagus

Which of the following cranial nerves do(es) NOT supply the tongue?

Vagus nerve (X)

Which of the following structures pass through the foramen magnum?

Vertebral artery, Cranial nerve XI, The accessory nerve

Which cranial nerve contains sensory fibers coming from the inner ear and is responsible for hearing and balance?

Vestibulocochlear

David hears a strange noise at his back door late one night. It sounds as though someone is trying to break into his home. He automatically goes into a fight-or-flight response. What part of the limbic system helps control the flight-or-flight response?

amygdaloid body

Which fontanelle of the infant skull is shown here?

anterior

White matter in the cerebellum is called the __________ because it resembles a tree.

arbor vitae

The lines, tubercles, crests, ridges, and other processes on bones represent areas that are used primarily for __________.

attachment of muscles to bones

Which bones conduct sound vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear?

auditory ossicles

The skull and vertebral column are part of the ________ skeleton.

axial

The masses of gray matter that lie within each cerebral hemisphere deep to the floor of the lateral ventricle are the __________.

basal nuclei

The medulla oblongata regulates

blood pressure and respiration

The pons links the cerebellum with the __________.

brain stem, cerebrum, and spinal cord

The medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain comprise the

brain stem.

Coordination and refinement of learned movement patterns at the subconscious level are performed by the __________.

cerebellum

Monitoring of the composition of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the removal of waste products from the CSF occurs in the __________.

choroid plexus

Which of the following articulate in the mandibular fossa?

condylar process

The epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus are anatomical structures of the __________.

diencephalon

Which of the following lies between the cerebrum and the brain stem?

diencephalon

The pineal gland, an endocrine structure that secretes the hormone melatonin, is found in the __________.

epithalamus

The limbic system is responsible for __________.

establishing emotional states

The foramen that allows the medulla of the brainstem to connect with the spinal cord is the __________.

foramen magnum

The calvaria (or skullcap) is formed by the ________ bones.

frontal, parietal, and occipital

Difficulty in swallowing may be a sign of damage to which cranial nerve(s)?

glossopharyngeal and vagus

Which sensation(s) does the vestibulocochlear nerve carry?

hearing and balance

The sea horse-like structure in the limbic system that is responsible for storage and retrieval of new long-term memories is the __________.

hippocampus

The associated bones of the skull include the __________.

hyoid and auditory ossicles

A patient develops a tumor of a cranial nerve that leads to difficulty in speaking from a loss of tongue movement. Which cranial nerve is affected?

hypoglossal

Monitoring and regulating the blood osmotic environment is controlled by the __________.

hypothalamus

The part(s) of the diencephalon responsible for coordinating the activities of the central nervous system and the endocrine system is/are the __________.

hypothalamus

During an infection body temperature rises. The area of the diencephalon responsible for adjusting the body's temperature is the _________.

hypothalmus

The region of the cerebral cortex that is medial and deep to the temporal lobe is the

insula

Fresh blood, with oxygen and nutrients, reaches the brain through the __________.

internal carotid and vertebral arteries

The two cerebral hemispheres are separated by the

longitudinal fissure

The prominent bulge just posterior and inferior to the external auditory meatus is the

mastoid process.

The cardiovascular centers and the respiratory rhythmicity centers are located in the __________.

medulla oblongata

The cerebellum and pons develop from the

metencephalon

Foramina located on the bones of the skull serve primarily as passageways for __________.

nerves and blood vessels

The visual cortex is located in the

occipital lobe

The area where the two optic nerves cross over is known as the __________.

optic chiasma

The hard palate of the roof of the mouth is mostly formed by the

palatine processes of the maxillae.

The region(s) of the cerebral cortex superior to the lateral sulcus is/are the

parietal and frontal lobes.

The bony portion of the nasal septum is formed by the

perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and vomer bone.

The hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica contains the ________ gland.

pituitary

Which of the following is NOT a component of the limbic system?

precentral gyrus

A loud noise produces a tympanic reflex that results in __________.

reduced movement of auditory ossicles

Damage to the _____________________ results in unconsciousness or coma.

reticular activating system

Each of the following is associated with the temporal bone except the

sella turcica.

Air-filled cavities found in some bones of the skull are called __________.

sinuses

Of the following choices, which one includes bones found exclusively in the axial skeleton?

skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, hyoid

You suspect your friend has damage to cranial nerve I when he is unable to

smell his food.

A skull bone that could be described as looking like a bat with wings extended is the

sphenoid.

Except for the mandible, all bones of the skull articulate at joints called __________.

sutures

During embryonic development, which of the following secondary brain vesicles will form the cerebrum?

telencephalon

The internal acoustic meatus is located in which bone?

temporal

The zygomatic arch is formed by the articulation of processes from which two bones?

temporal and zygomatic

Relay and processing centers for sensory information are found in the __________.

thalamus

Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the

thalamus.

Jean needs to have a tooth in her mandible filled. Her dentist injects a local anesthetic to block pain afferents in one of her cranial nerves. What cranial nerve does the dentist numb?

trigeminal

Damage to the corpora quadrigemina would interfere with

visual and auditory reflex movements of the head and neck.

Of the following bones, which is unpaired?

vomer

The inferior portion of the nasal septum is formed by the

vomer.