Anatomy Study Guide Questions Chapter 7, 8, and 9

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The medial and lateral menisci are made of _____.

cartilage

A cartilage cell is called a _____.

chondrocyte

The epiphyseal plate is composed mostly of _____.

chondrocytes

Ellipsoidal joints are _____ joints.

condyloid

The atlantooptical joint is a _____ joint.

condyloid

Tissue that attaches ribs directly or indirectly to the sternum is called _____.

costal cartilage

The _____ encases the brain.

cranium

Separation of the nasal and cranial cavities is achieved by the _____ of the ethmoid bone.

cribiform plate

Opening your mouth is known as _____.

depression

The _____ is the shaft of a long bone.

diaphysis

The primary ossification center is located at the _____.

diaphysis

Freely movable joints are _____.

diarthroses

Freely movable joints are classified as _____.

diarthroses

Synovial joints are classified as _____.

diarthroses

The hip joint is classified as _____.

diarthroses

The most prevalent type of joint in the body are _____.

diarthroses

The thumb is classified as _____.

diarthroses

All _____ joints have a joint capsule, a joint cavity, and a layer of cartilage over the ends of two joining bones.

diarthrotic

The external ear epiglottis, and the auditory tube are composed of _____.

elastic cartilage

Ossification that replaces cartilage with bone is called _____.

endochondral ossification

The _____ is the thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity.

endosteum

The _____ lines the medullary cavity of long bones.

endosteum

The primary purpose of the _____ is lengthening long bones.

epiphyseal plate

The _____ are the ends of long bones.

epiphyses

The _____ is the end of the long bone.

epiphysis

Increasing the joint angle is known as _____.

extension

The five pairs of ribs that do not attach directly to the sternum are called _____.

false ribs

A more movable coccyx is the quality of the _____ skeleton.

female

A wide sacrum is a quality of the _____ skeleton.

female

An elongated forehead is a quality of the _____ skeleton.

female

The greater trochanter is a bony landmark of the _____.

femur

Elbow movement, as when lifting weights during a bicep curl, is known as _____.

flexion

The 11th and 12th ribs, which have no attachment to the sternum, are called _____.

floating ribs

A _____ is known as the soft spot a baby's head.

fontanel

There are _____ types of bones.

four

The first step to healing a bone fracture is _____.

fracture hematoma formation

The arm socket is the _____.

glenoid cavity

Joints between the facets of adjacent vertebrae are _____ joints.

gliding

The articulation between the root of the tooth and the alveolar process of the mandible or maxilla is called the _____.

gomphosis

The instrument that measures ROM is known as a _____.

goniometer

A metabolic type of inflammatory arthritis is _____.

gouty arthritis

Protrusion of the nucleus pulosus through the annulus fibrosis results in a _____.

herniated disk

The elbow is a _____ joint.

hinge

The knee joint is a _____ joint.

hinge

The coronoid fossa is a depression on the _____.

humerus

Moving beyond extension is known as _____.

hyperextension

Perhaps the strongest ligament in the body is the _____.

iliofemoral

Turning the soul of the foot inward is known as _____.

inversion

The vertebra is an example of an _____ bone.

irregular

The largest and most complex joint in the body is the _____.

knee

Small spaces in which bone cells lie are called _____.

lacunae

The knee is the _____ joint.

largest

The femur is an example of a _____ bone.

long

Bones may be classified by shape. Those shapes include _____, _____, _____, and _____.

long; short; flat; irregular

A small pelvic inlet is a quality of the _____ skeleton.

male

A sub pubic angle of less than 90° is a quality of the _____ skeleton.

male

More massive muscle attachment sites are qualities of the _____ skeleton.

male

The most superior part of the sermon is called the _____.

manubrium

Blood cell formation is a vital process carried on in _____.

red bone marrow

Vitamin D deficiency can result in _____.

rickets

Turning the head as to say "no" is known as _____.

rotation

The joint between the first metacarpal and trapezium is a _____ joint.

saddle

The _____ is an example of the flat bone.

scapulae

The patella is an example of a _____ bone.

sesamoid

The carpal is an example of a _____ bone.

short

The glenoid labrum is associated with the _____ joint.

shoulder

The clavicle and the scapula are part of the _____.

shoulder girdle

A cavity within the bone is called a _____.

sinus

The mastoid sinuses are found in the _____ bone.

sphenoid

An acute musculoskeletal injury to the ligamentous structures surrounding a joint and disrupting the continuity of the synovial membrane is a _____.

sprain

A _____ is an immovable joint in the skull.

suture

A joint where fibrocartilage connects two bones is called _____.

symphysis

Fibrous joints are classified as _____.

synarthroses

Immovable joints are called _____.

synarthroses

Immovable joints are classified as _____.

synarthroses

Joints between skull bones are classified as _____.

synarthroses

A fibrous joint is classified as _____.

synarthrosis

The sutures in the skull are _____.

synarthrotic

The radioulnar articulation is classified as _____.

syndesmosis

The most movable joints in the body are _____ joints.

synovial

The inner surface of the joint capsule is lined with _____.

synovial membrane

The squamous suture contains the _____ and the _____ bones.

temporal; sphenoid

The bony cage of the body is known as the _____.

thorax

The _____ are needlelike threads of spongy bone.

trabeculae

The first seven pairs of ribs that attach directly to the sternum are called _____.

true ribs

Hinge joints allow motion in _____ directions.

two

A bone that is part of the spinal column is called a _____.

vertebra

The blunt, cartilaginous, lower tip of the sternum is called the _____.

xiphoid process

True or false: the shoulder joint is a ball and socket joint.

True

True or false: the two bones that form the framework of the forearm are the radius and ulna.

True

True or false: when bones reach their full length, the epiphyseal plate disappears.

True

True or false: the most evident carpal bone is the triquetrum.

False

True or false: the sphenoid is a bone of the face.

False

True or false: the wrist is composed of small bones called metacarpals.

False

True or false: yellow marrow is found in almost all of the bones in infants body.

False

Spongy bone is also known as _____ bone.

cancellous

The middle part of the sternum is called the _____.

body

A pillowlike structure found between synovial joints is a _____.

bursa

Bones serve as the major reservoir for _____, a vital substance required for normal nerve and muscle function.

calcium

Bone loss normally begins to exceed bone game between the ages of _____ and _____ years.

35, 40

Which one does not belong? A. Anvil B. Atlas C. Axis D. Cervical

A. Anvil

Which one does not belong? A. Ulna B. Ilium C. Ischium D. Pubis

A. Ulna

_____ is an imaging technique that allows a physician to examine the internal structure of a joint without the use of extensive surgery.

Arthroscopy

_____ is the thin layer that cushions jolts and blows.

Articular cartilage

Which of the following is not one of the bones of the pelvic girdle? A. Ilium B. Acetabulum C. Ischium D. Pubis

B. Acetabulum

Which of the following is not a bone of the orbit? A. Ethmoid B. Nasal C. Lacrimal D. Frontal

B. Nasal

All of the following are clinical signs and symptoms of a fracture except A. Soft tissue edema B. Realignment of the bone C. Loss of function D. Pain

B. Realignment of the bone

Which of the following is not part of the shoulder girdle? A. Clavicle B. Sternum C. Scapula D. None of the above

B. Sternum

Which one does not belong? A. Malleus B. Vomer C. Incus D. Stapes

B. Vomer

An example of a synthesis is: A. The articulation between the pubic bones B. The articulation between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae C. Both A and B D. None of the above

C. Both A and B

Which one does not belong? A. Cervical B. Thoracic C. Coxal D. Coccyx

C. Coxal

Which one does not belong? A. Frontal B. Occipital C. Maxilla D. Sphenoid

C. Maxilla

Which one does not belong? A. Scapula B. Pectoral girdle C. Ribs D. Clavicle

C. Ribs

Which of the following is not a tarsal bone? A. Talus B. Cuneiform C. Scaphoid D. Navicular

C. Scaphoid

The bones in an adult that include red marrow include all of the following except: A. Ribs B. Pelvis C. Tarsals D. Femur

C. Tarsals

_____ connect lacunae.

Canaliculi

_____ is fibers embedded in a firm gel.

Cartilage

_____ bone contains osteons.

Compact

_____ is a type of dense bone tissue.

Compact

Which of the following is not a component of bone matrix? A. Inorganic salts B. Organic matrix C. Collagenous fibers D. All of the above are components of bone matrix

D. All of the above are components of bone matrix

Which one does not belong? A. Pelvic girdle B. Ankle C. Wrist D. Axial

D. Axial

Which one does not belong? A. Carpal B. Phalanges C. Metacarpal D. Ethmoid

D. Ethmoid

Which one does not belong? A. Ethmoid B. Parietal C. Occipital D. Nasal

D. Nasal

True or false: Hematopoesis is a term referring to the formation of new haversian systems.

False

True or false: The external auditory meet us is located within the temporal bone.

False

True or false: The hyoid is one of several bones that do not articulate with any other bone.

False

True or false: an immovable joint of the skull is called a fontanel.

False

True or false: articular cartilage is composed of fibrocartilage, providing ample cushioning inside joint.

False

True or false: both bone and cartilage are well vascularized.

False

True or false: diarthrotic joints are the least common type of joint in the body.

False

True or false: each Tocantins three phalanges.

False

True or false: giant, multi nucleate cells that are responsible for bone resorption are called osteocytes.

False

True or false: gliding movements are the most complex of movements.

False

True or false: inflammation of the bursa is referred to as pleurisy.

False

True or false: joints are identified as synchondroses are synovial joints.

False

True or false: juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is more common in boys.

False

True or false: menisci are composed of hyaline cartilage.

False

True or false: most bones of the body are formed by intramembranous ossification.

False

True or false: once an individual reaches skeletal maturity, the bones undergo years of metabolic rest.

False

True or false: protraction is an angular movement.

False

True or false: swayback and kyphosis are synonymous terms.

False

True or false: the elbow joint is a ball and socket joint.

False

True or false: the largest coxal bone is the ischium.

False

True or false: the longitudinal arch reference to a structure within the pelvic inlet.

False

True or false: the most distal portion of the fibula is composed of a bony landmark called the medial malleous.

False

_____ joints are the least movable of the diarthrotic joints.

Gliding

A _____ is a structural unit of compact bone.

Haversian system

_____ is used to describe the process of blood cell formation.

Hematopoiesis

_____ is the most abundant type of cartilage.

Hyaline cartilage

_____ are rings of bone.

Lamellae

_____ grow out of the periosteum and attach to bones together.

Ligaments

_____ are articular disks.

Menisci

_____ is another word for bone marrow.

Myeloid tissue

_____ is the name for the bone formation process.

Ossification

_____ is the most common type of skeletal tissue tumor.

Osteochondroma

_____ are bone absorbing cells.

Osteoclasts

_____ are bone cells.

Osteocytes

_____ is a bacterial infection of the bone and marrow tissue.

Osteomyelitis

_____ is a common bone disease often occurring in postmenopausal women and manifesting symptoms of coarse, brittle, and fragile bones.

Osteoporosis

_____ is the most common primary malignant tumor of skeletal tissue.

Osteosarcoma

_____ is also known as osteitis deformans.

Paget's disease

_____ causes extension of the leg as a whole.

Plantar flexion

_____ bone exists in the ends of long bones.

Spongy

True or false: Haversian canals run lengthwise, where is Volkmann's canals run transverse to the bone.

True

True or false: a unit axial joint is a synovial joint.

True

True or false: angular movements change the size of the angle between articulating bones.

True

True or false: articulation and joint are synonymous terms.

True

True or false: bone marrow is found not only in the medullary cavities of certain long bones but also in the spaces of cancellous bone.

True

True or false: calcitonin functions to stimulate osteoblasts and inhibit osteoclasts.

True

True or false: diarthrosis and synovial joint refer to basically the same structure.

True

True or false: lack of exercise tends to weaken bones through decreased collagen formation and excessive calcium withdrawal.

True

True or false: normal curvature of the spine is convex posteriorly through the thoracic region and concave posteriorly through the cervical and lumbar regions.

True

True or false: pronation is a circular movement.

True

True or false: the ability to oppose the fingers and thumb is achieved by a saddle joint.

True

True or false: the addition of bone to its outer surface resulting in growth in diameter is called appositional growth.

True

True or false: the growth of cartilage occurs by both appositional and interstitial growth.

True

True or false: the intervertebral discs are composed of fibrocartilage.

True

True or false: the knee joint has a baker's dozen, or 13, bursae which serve as protective pads around it.

True

True or false: the largest paranasal sinus is the maxillary sinus.

True

True or false: the main bursa of the shoulder joint is the subdeltoid bursa.

True

True or false: the medial forearm bone in the anatomical position is the ulna.

True

Lifting the arms away from the midline is called _____.

abduction

Bringing your fingers together is known as _____.

adduction

Cartilaginous joints are classified as _____.

amphiarthroses

Slightly movable joints are classified as _____.

amphiarthroses

The joint between bodies of vertebrae is classified as _____.

amphiarthroses

The symphysis pubis is classified as _____.

amphiarthroses

Vertebral bodies are connected by the _____.

anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments

The anterior cruciate ligament of the knee connects the _____ with the _____.

anterior tibia; posterior femur

The _____ skeleton contains 126 bones.

appendicular

The carpals are part of the _____ skeleton.

appendicular

The clavicles are part of the _____ skeleton.

appendicular

The scapulae are part of the _____ skeleton.

appendicular

The shoulder girdle is part of the _____ skeleton.

appendicular

A general name for many different inflammatory joint diseases is _____.

arthritis

"Joint mice" are structurally loose pieces of _____.

articular cartilage

A thin layer of cartilage covering each epiphysis is the _____.

articular cartilage

The _____ cushions surfaces of bones.

articular cartilage

A joint is also called an _____.

articulation

The _____ skeleton contains 80 bones.

axial

The auditory ossicles, or ear bones, are part of the _____ skeleton.

axial

The coccyx is part of the _____ skeleton.

axial

The vertebral column is part of the _____ skeleton.

axial

The hip joint is a _____ joint.

ball and socket

The joint allows for the widest range of movement is a _____ joint.

ball and socket

The shoulder joint is a _____ joint.

ball and socket

A _____ can be described as a tubelike opening or channel.

meatus

The _____ is a hollow area inside the diaphysis of the bone.

medullary cavity

The _____ is the tubelike, hollow space in the diaphysis of long bones.

medullary cavity

The saddle joint at the base of each of our thumbs allows for greater _____.

mobility

The skull bone that articulates with the first cervical vertebra is the _____ bone.

occipital

An _____ can be described as broken bone projecting through the skin.

open fracture

The most common noninflammatory joint disease is _____, or _____.

osteoarthritis; degenerative joint disease

The cells that produce the organic matrix in bone are _____.

osteoblasts

The basic structural unit of compact bone is an _____.

osteon

Low blood calcium evokes a response from the _____.

parathyroid hormone

The _____ supports the trunk.

pelvic girdle

During childbirth, the interest passes through an imaginary plane called the _____.

pelvic outlet

The fibrous covering of cartilage is _____.

perichondrium

The _____ is a strong fibrous membrane that covers a long bone except at its joint surfaces.

periosteum

The _____ is an attachment for muscle fibers.

periosteum

The _____ is the outer covering of bone.

periosteum

An example of a _____ joint is the head of the radius articulating with the ulna.

pivot

The dens of the axis and atlas joint are _____ joints.

pivot

When you rotate your head you are using a _____ joint.

pivot


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