Anatomy Study Guide Questions Chapter 7, 8, and 9
The medial and lateral menisci are made of _____.
cartilage
A cartilage cell is called a _____.
chondrocyte
The epiphyseal plate is composed mostly of _____.
chondrocytes
Ellipsoidal joints are _____ joints.
condyloid
The atlantooptical joint is a _____ joint.
condyloid
Tissue that attaches ribs directly or indirectly to the sternum is called _____.
costal cartilage
The _____ encases the brain.
cranium
Separation of the nasal and cranial cavities is achieved by the _____ of the ethmoid bone.
cribiform plate
Opening your mouth is known as _____.
depression
The _____ is the shaft of a long bone.
diaphysis
The primary ossification center is located at the _____.
diaphysis
Freely movable joints are _____.
diarthroses
Freely movable joints are classified as _____.
diarthroses
Synovial joints are classified as _____.
diarthroses
The hip joint is classified as _____.
diarthroses
The most prevalent type of joint in the body are _____.
diarthroses
The thumb is classified as _____.
diarthroses
All _____ joints have a joint capsule, a joint cavity, and a layer of cartilage over the ends of two joining bones.
diarthrotic
The external ear epiglottis, and the auditory tube are composed of _____.
elastic cartilage
Ossification that replaces cartilage with bone is called _____.
endochondral ossification
The _____ is the thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity.
endosteum
The _____ lines the medullary cavity of long bones.
endosteum
The primary purpose of the _____ is lengthening long bones.
epiphyseal plate
The _____ are the ends of long bones.
epiphyses
The _____ is the end of the long bone.
epiphysis
Increasing the joint angle is known as _____.
extension
The five pairs of ribs that do not attach directly to the sternum are called _____.
false ribs
A more movable coccyx is the quality of the _____ skeleton.
female
A wide sacrum is a quality of the _____ skeleton.
female
An elongated forehead is a quality of the _____ skeleton.
female
The greater trochanter is a bony landmark of the _____.
femur
Elbow movement, as when lifting weights during a bicep curl, is known as _____.
flexion
The 11th and 12th ribs, which have no attachment to the sternum, are called _____.
floating ribs
A _____ is known as the soft spot a baby's head.
fontanel
There are _____ types of bones.
four
The first step to healing a bone fracture is _____.
fracture hematoma formation
The arm socket is the _____.
glenoid cavity
Joints between the facets of adjacent vertebrae are _____ joints.
gliding
The articulation between the root of the tooth and the alveolar process of the mandible or maxilla is called the _____.
gomphosis
The instrument that measures ROM is known as a _____.
goniometer
A metabolic type of inflammatory arthritis is _____.
gouty arthritis
Protrusion of the nucleus pulosus through the annulus fibrosis results in a _____.
herniated disk
The elbow is a _____ joint.
hinge
The knee joint is a _____ joint.
hinge
The coronoid fossa is a depression on the _____.
humerus
Moving beyond extension is known as _____.
hyperextension
Perhaps the strongest ligament in the body is the _____.
iliofemoral
Turning the soul of the foot inward is known as _____.
inversion
The vertebra is an example of an _____ bone.
irregular
The largest and most complex joint in the body is the _____.
knee
Small spaces in which bone cells lie are called _____.
lacunae
The knee is the _____ joint.
largest
The femur is an example of a _____ bone.
long
Bones may be classified by shape. Those shapes include _____, _____, _____, and _____.
long; short; flat; irregular
A small pelvic inlet is a quality of the _____ skeleton.
male
A sub pubic angle of less than 90° is a quality of the _____ skeleton.
male
More massive muscle attachment sites are qualities of the _____ skeleton.
male
The most superior part of the sermon is called the _____.
manubrium
Blood cell formation is a vital process carried on in _____.
red bone marrow
Vitamin D deficiency can result in _____.
rickets
Turning the head as to say "no" is known as _____.
rotation
The joint between the first metacarpal and trapezium is a _____ joint.
saddle
The _____ is an example of the flat bone.
scapulae
The patella is an example of a _____ bone.
sesamoid
The carpal is an example of a _____ bone.
short
The glenoid labrum is associated with the _____ joint.
shoulder
The clavicle and the scapula are part of the _____.
shoulder girdle
A cavity within the bone is called a _____.
sinus
The mastoid sinuses are found in the _____ bone.
sphenoid
An acute musculoskeletal injury to the ligamentous structures surrounding a joint and disrupting the continuity of the synovial membrane is a _____.
sprain
A _____ is an immovable joint in the skull.
suture
A joint where fibrocartilage connects two bones is called _____.
symphysis
Fibrous joints are classified as _____.
synarthroses
Immovable joints are called _____.
synarthroses
Immovable joints are classified as _____.
synarthroses
Joints between skull bones are classified as _____.
synarthroses
A fibrous joint is classified as _____.
synarthrosis
The sutures in the skull are _____.
synarthrotic
The radioulnar articulation is classified as _____.
syndesmosis
The most movable joints in the body are _____ joints.
synovial
The inner surface of the joint capsule is lined with _____.
synovial membrane
The squamous suture contains the _____ and the _____ bones.
temporal; sphenoid
The bony cage of the body is known as the _____.
thorax
The _____ are needlelike threads of spongy bone.
trabeculae
The first seven pairs of ribs that attach directly to the sternum are called _____.
true ribs
Hinge joints allow motion in _____ directions.
two
A bone that is part of the spinal column is called a _____.
vertebra
The blunt, cartilaginous, lower tip of the sternum is called the _____.
xiphoid process
True or false: the shoulder joint is a ball and socket joint.
True
True or false: the two bones that form the framework of the forearm are the radius and ulna.
True
True or false: when bones reach their full length, the epiphyseal plate disappears.
True
True or false: the most evident carpal bone is the triquetrum.
False
True or false: the sphenoid is a bone of the face.
False
True or false: the wrist is composed of small bones called metacarpals.
False
True or false: yellow marrow is found in almost all of the bones in infants body.
False
Spongy bone is also known as _____ bone.
cancellous
The middle part of the sternum is called the _____.
body
A pillowlike structure found between synovial joints is a _____.
bursa
Bones serve as the major reservoir for _____, a vital substance required for normal nerve and muscle function.
calcium
Bone loss normally begins to exceed bone game between the ages of _____ and _____ years.
35, 40
Which one does not belong? A. Anvil B. Atlas C. Axis D. Cervical
A. Anvil
Which one does not belong? A. Ulna B. Ilium C. Ischium D. Pubis
A. Ulna
_____ is an imaging technique that allows a physician to examine the internal structure of a joint without the use of extensive surgery.
Arthroscopy
_____ is the thin layer that cushions jolts and blows.
Articular cartilage
Which of the following is not one of the bones of the pelvic girdle? A. Ilium B. Acetabulum C. Ischium D. Pubis
B. Acetabulum
Which of the following is not a bone of the orbit? A. Ethmoid B. Nasal C. Lacrimal D. Frontal
B. Nasal
All of the following are clinical signs and symptoms of a fracture except A. Soft tissue edema B. Realignment of the bone C. Loss of function D. Pain
B. Realignment of the bone
Which of the following is not part of the shoulder girdle? A. Clavicle B. Sternum C. Scapula D. None of the above
B. Sternum
Which one does not belong? A. Malleus B. Vomer C. Incus D. Stapes
B. Vomer
An example of a synthesis is: A. The articulation between the pubic bones B. The articulation between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae C. Both A and B D. None of the above
C. Both A and B
Which one does not belong? A. Cervical B. Thoracic C. Coxal D. Coccyx
C. Coxal
Which one does not belong? A. Frontal B. Occipital C. Maxilla D. Sphenoid
C. Maxilla
Which one does not belong? A. Scapula B. Pectoral girdle C. Ribs D. Clavicle
C. Ribs
Which of the following is not a tarsal bone? A. Talus B. Cuneiform C. Scaphoid D. Navicular
C. Scaphoid
The bones in an adult that include red marrow include all of the following except: A. Ribs B. Pelvis C. Tarsals D. Femur
C. Tarsals
_____ connect lacunae.
Canaliculi
_____ is fibers embedded in a firm gel.
Cartilage
_____ bone contains osteons.
Compact
_____ is a type of dense bone tissue.
Compact
Which of the following is not a component of bone matrix? A. Inorganic salts B. Organic matrix C. Collagenous fibers D. All of the above are components of bone matrix
D. All of the above are components of bone matrix
Which one does not belong? A. Pelvic girdle B. Ankle C. Wrist D. Axial
D. Axial
Which one does not belong? A. Carpal B. Phalanges C. Metacarpal D. Ethmoid
D. Ethmoid
Which one does not belong? A. Ethmoid B. Parietal C. Occipital D. Nasal
D. Nasal
True or false: Hematopoesis is a term referring to the formation of new haversian systems.
False
True or false: The external auditory meet us is located within the temporal bone.
False
True or false: The hyoid is one of several bones that do not articulate with any other bone.
False
True or false: an immovable joint of the skull is called a fontanel.
False
True or false: articular cartilage is composed of fibrocartilage, providing ample cushioning inside joint.
False
True or false: both bone and cartilage are well vascularized.
False
True or false: diarthrotic joints are the least common type of joint in the body.
False
True or false: each Tocantins three phalanges.
False
True or false: giant, multi nucleate cells that are responsible for bone resorption are called osteocytes.
False
True or false: gliding movements are the most complex of movements.
False
True or false: inflammation of the bursa is referred to as pleurisy.
False
True or false: joints are identified as synchondroses are synovial joints.
False
True or false: juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is more common in boys.
False
True or false: menisci are composed of hyaline cartilage.
False
True or false: most bones of the body are formed by intramembranous ossification.
False
True or false: once an individual reaches skeletal maturity, the bones undergo years of metabolic rest.
False
True or false: protraction is an angular movement.
False
True or false: swayback and kyphosis are synonymous terms.
False
True or false: the elbow joint is a ball and socket joint.
False
True or false: the largest coxal bone is the ischium.
False
True or false: the longitudinal arch reference to a structure within the pelvic inlet.
False
True or false: the most distal portion of the fibula is composed of a bony landmark called the medial malleous.
False
_____ joints are the least movable of the diarthrotic joints.
Gliding
A _____ is a structural unit of compact bone.
Haversian system
_____ is used to describe the process of blood cell formation.
Hematopoiesis
_____ is the most abundant type of cartilage.
Hyaline cartilage
_____ are rings of bone.
Lamellae
_____ grow out of the periosteum and attach to bones together.
Ligaments
_____ are articular disks.
Menisci
_____ is another word for bone marrow.
Myeloid tissue
_____ is the name for the bone formation process.
Ossification
_____ is the most common type of skeletal tissue tumor.
Osteochondroma
_____ are bone absorbing cells.
Osteoclasts
_____ are bone cells.
Osteocytes
_____ is a bacterial infection of the bone and marrow tissue.
Osteomyelitis
_____ is a common bone disease often occurring in postmenopausal women and manifesting symptoms of coarse, brittle, and fragile bones.
Osteoporosis
_____ is the most common primary malignant tumor of skeletal tissue.
Osteosarcoma
_____ is also known as osteitis deformans.
Paget's disease
_____ causes extension of the leg as a whole.
Plantar flexion
_____ bone exists in the ends of long bones.
Spongy
True or false: Haversian canals run lengthwise, where is Volkmann's canals run transverse to the bone.
True
True or false: a unit axial joint is a synovial joint.
True
True or false: angular movements change the size of the angle between articulating bones.
True
True or false: articulation and joint are synonymous terms.
True
True or false: bone marrow is found not only in the medullary cavities of certain long bones but also in the spaces of cancellous bone.
True
True or false: calcitonin functions to stimulate osteoblasts and inhibit osteoclasts.
True
True or false: diarthrosis and synovial joint refer to basically the same structure.
True
True or false: lack of exercise tends to weaken bones through decreased collagen formation and excessive calcium withdrawal.
True
True or false: normal curvature of the spine is convex posteriorly through the thoracic region and concave posteriorly through the cervical and lumbar regions.
True
True or false: pronation is a circular movement.
True
True or false: the ability to oppose the fingers and thumb is achieved by a saddle joint.
True
True or false: the addition of bone to its outer surface resulting in growth in diameter is called appositional growth.
True
True or false: the growth of cartilage occurs by both appositional and interstitial growth.
True
True or false: the intervertebral discs are composed of fibrocartilage.
True
True or false: the knee joint has a baker's dozen, or 13, bursae which serve as protective pads around it.
True
True or false: the largest paranasal sinus is the maxillary sinus.
True
True or false: the main bursa of the shoulder joint is the subdeltoid bursa.
True
True or false: the medial forearm bone in the anatomical position is the ulna.
True
Lifting the arms away from the midline is called _____.
abduction
Bringing your fingers together is known as _____.
adduction
Cartilaginous joints are classified as _____.
amphiarthroses
Slightly movable joints are classified as _____.
amphiarthroses
The joint between bodies of vertebrae is classified as _____.
amphiarthroses
The symphysis pubis is classified as _____.
amphiarthroses
Vertebral bodies are connected by the _____.
anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments
The anterior cruciate ligament of the knee connects the _____ with the _____.
anterior tibia; posterior femur
The _____ skeleton contains 126 bones.
appendicular
The carpals are part of the _____ skeleton.
appendicular
The clavicles are part of the _____ skeleton.
appendicular
The scapulae are part of the _____ skeleton.
appendicular
The shoulder girdle is part of the _____ skeleton.
appendicular
A general name for many different inflammatory joint diseases is _____.
arthritis
"Joint mice" are structurally loose pieces of _____.
articular cartilage
A thin layer of cartilage covering each epiphysis is the _____.
articular cartilage
The _____ cushions surfaces of bones.
articular cartilage
A joint is also called an _____.
articulation
The _____ skeleton contains 80 bones.
axial
The auditory ossicles, or ear bones, are part of the _____ skeleton.
axial
The coccyx is part of the _____ skeleton.
axial
The vertebral column is part of the _____ skeleton.
axial
The hip joint is a _____ joint.
ball and socket
The joint allows for the widest range of movement is a _____ joint.
ball and socket
The shoulder joint is a _____ joint.
ball and socket
A _____ can be described as a tubelike opening or channel.
meatus
The _____ is a hollow area inside the diaphysis of the bone.
medullary cavity
The _____ is the tubelike, hollow space in the diaphysis of long bones.
medullary cavity
The saddle joint at the base of each of our thumbs allows for greater _____.
mobility
The skull bone that articulates with the first cervical vertebra is the _____ bone.
occipital
An _____ can be described as broken bone projecting through the skin.
open fracture
The most common noninflammatory joint disease is _____, or _____.
osteoarthritis; degenerative joint disease
The cells that produce the organic matrix in bone are _____.
osteoblasts
The basic structural unit of compact bone is an _____.
osteon
Low blood calcium evokes a response from the _____.
parathyroid hormone
The _____ supports the trunk.
pelvic girdle
During childbirth, the interest passes through an imaginary plane called the _____.
pelvic outlet
The fibrous covering of cartilage is _____.
perichondrium
The _____ is a strong fibrous membrane that covers a long bone except at its joint surfaces.
periosteum
The _____ is an attachment for muscle fibers.
periosteum
The _____ is the outer covering of bone.
periosteum
An example of a _____ joint is the head of the radius articulating with the ulna.
pivot
The dens of the axis and atlas joint are _____ joints.
pivot
When you rotate your head you are using a _____ joint.
pivot
