Anatomy Test 3 MCQ (Ch. 25-27)

Basically, what occurs in the countercurrent multiplier process?

A higher sodium concentration is produced in the renal medulla that osmotically draws out water, reducing it within the tubules and the urine.

Which of the following is NOT associated with the renal hilum?

urethra

The urinary function of elimination occurs through the

urethra.

Urine is carried from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body by the

urethra.

The ________ is a capillary bed that parallels the nephron loop (loop of Henle).

vasa recta

The majority of glomeruli are located in the ________ of the kidney.

cortex

What process is diagrammed in this image?

glycolysis

Filtrate first passes from the glomerular capsule to the

proximal convoluted tubule.

Glomerular (Bowman's) capsule and the glomerulus make up the

renal corpuscle

The filtration of plasma takes place in the

renal corpuscle

Intracellular fluid (ICF) is found only within

the cells of the body.

The carbon dioxide of respiration is formed during

the citric acid cycle.

Reactions within ________ provide most of the energy needed by a typical cell.

the mitochondria

In which of the structures does reabsorption of organic substrates occur?

the structure labeled A

Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by

the ureters.

What is the role of NADH in metabolism?

transport hydrogen atoms to coenzymes

________ promotes water reabsorption at the kidneys and stimulates thirst.

ADH

Which of the following activities is not related to kidney function?

lipid digestion

The two organs that play an important role in maintaining acid-base balance are the

lungs and kidneys.

The sum of all of the biochemical processes going on within the human body at any given time is called

metabolism

When the bladder is full, urine is eliminated through the process known as

micturition.

In oxidative phosphorylation, energy for the synthesis of ATP is directly obtained from the

movement of hydrogen ions through channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

The ureters extend from the __________.

renal pelvis to the urinary bladder

Consuming a meal high in salt will

result in a temporary increase in blood volume.

Why is it necessary to phosphorylate a glucose molecule, creating glucose-6-phosphate?

to trap the glucose molecule within the cell

The first steps of catabolism generally take place in the

cytosol.

Substances that can carry electrical current across cell membranes are called

electrolytes.

The study of the flow of energy and its transformations is called

energetics.

The urinary system does all of the following except

excreting excess albumin molecules.

Homeostatic mechanisms that monitor and adjust the composition of body fluids respond to changes in the ________ fluid.

extracellular

In glycolysis, each molecule of glucose that is catabolized gives a net yield of how many molecules of ATP?

2

Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the parts of the kidney.

See Image

Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the parts of the kidney. (pt.2)

See Image

Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the blood vessels of the kidneys.

See Image

Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the parts of the renal corpuscle.

See Image

Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the processes of origination and use of ATP during glucose metabolism.

See Image

Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the substrates and participants in the citric acid cycle.

See Image

Drag the labels to place the steps of glycolysis in the correct sequence.

See Image

In the ETS, ________ accepts electrons from one molecule and transfers them to another.

a coenzyme

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) causes __________.

a decrease in urine volume but an increase in solute concentration

A glomerulus is

a knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle.

Excess release of natriuretic peptides would cause

a large volume of dilute urine.

In order for glycolysis to proceed, which of the following need not be present?

acetyl-CoA

Elevated blood potassium triggers __________ release from the __________.

aldosterone, adrenal cortex

The amount of potassium excreted by the kidneys is regulated mainly by

aldosterone.

A rise in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide will cause a __________ in pH and a __________ in blood bicarbonate levels.

fall; rise

What is a serious condition that could occur if the potassium ion concentration is >7 mEq/L? (Figure 27-7)

cardiac arrhythmias

Identify the macromolecule that would be located at A.

fats

Although other nutrients can feed into the citric acid cycle, ________ yields energy the quickest.

glucose

What is the molecule labeled "7"?

4 carbon molecule

Which area(s) allow variable water reabsorption and is/are sensitive to the hormone ADH?

5 and 6

Which of the following processes represent(s) catabolism?

All of these are catabolic processes.

What hormone affects the changes shown in this flow diagram?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which increases water reabsorption from the kidneys

What provides energy required to produce the molecule indicated by the red arrow?

H+ ion gradient

The main force(s) opposing glomerular filtration is (are) __________.

blood colloid osmotic pressure and capsular hydrostatic pressure

The process of filtration is driven mainly by

blood hydrostatic pressure.

A chemical that minimizes changes in the pH of a body fluid by releasing or binding hydrogen ion is called a(n)

buffer

Renal columns are

bundles of tissue that extend between pyramids from the cortex.

Through the process of __________, each glucose yields two pyruvate ions.

glycolysis

About 40 percent of the energy content of nutrients is captured as ATP. The remainder is lost as __________.

heat

An increase in salt intake will lead to all these changes EXCEPT __________.

increased aldosterone secretion

Which hormone(s) is released by heart muscle in response to excessive chamber volume?

natriuretic peptides

What structure connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule? (Figure 26-6)

nephron loop

When water is lost from the ECF, but electrolytes are retained,

osmosis moves water from the ICF to the ECF.

Capillaries that surround the proximal convoluted tubules are

peritubular capillaries.

Reabsorbed water and solutes enter into the

peritubular fluid

What is the most abundant anion in the intracellular fluid?

phosphate

Aldosterone

promotes sodium retention in the kidneys.

Which of the following substances should not be filtered?

proteins

When NAD+ is ________ it becomes NADH. When NADH is ________ it becomes NAD+.

reduced; oxidized