Anatomy test

Blood is approximately ________ percent plasma by volume. A) 46-63 B) 37-54 C) 12-33 D) 25-39 E) 99.9

A) 46-63

________ are the most abundant cell population of the formed elements of blood. A) Erythrocytes B) Platelets C) Neutrophils D) Lymphocytes E) Monocytes

A) Erythrocytes

Depolarization of the atria is represented on an electrocardiogram by the A) P wave. B) T wave. C) S wave. D) QRS complex. E) PR complex.

A) P wave.

Specialized ________ convey the impulses to the contractile cells of the ventricular myocardium. A) Purkinje fibers B) nodal cells C) AV bundles D) bundle branches E) ectopic cells

A) Purkinje fibers

Which condition is described as the formation of lipid deposits in the tunica media associated with damage to the endothelial lining? A) atherosclerosis B) phlebitis C) thrombus D) aneurysm E) pulmonary embolism

A) atherosclerosis

The function of hemoglobin is to A) bind and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. B) protect the body against infectious agents. C) aid in the process of blood clotting. D) carry nutrients from the intestine to the body's cells. E) absorb and neutralize the acids generated by active tissues.

A) bind and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.

The vessels that permit exchange of materials between the blood and the surrounding interstitial fluid are termed A) capillaries. B) arterioles. C) arteries. D) venules. E) veins.

A) capillaries.

The function of an atrium is to A) collect blood returning to the heart. B) pump blood to the lungs. C) pump blood into the systemic circuit. D) prevent the movement of blood back into the ventricles. E) stabilize the position of the heart valves.

A) collect blood returning to the heart.

Relaxation of the heart chambers is called A) diastole. B) systole. C) depolarization. D) hyperpolarization. E) repolarization.

A) diastole.

Red blood cells result from the divisions of ________, which are multipotent stem cells. A) hemocytoblasts B) lymphoblasts C) monoblasts D) myeloblasts E) progenitor cells

A) hemocytoblasts

In general, for a vessel of a given size, a typical artery ________ compared to a typical vein. A) is more elastic B) has less smooth muscle in its tunica media C) has no endothelium D) has thinner walls E) has a larger lumen

A) is more elastic

Which of the following are the MOST active type of leukocytes, phagocytically, and are usually the first to arrive at an injury site? A) neutrophils B) eosinophils C) basophils D) lymphocytes E) erythrocytes

A) neutrophils

The loose-fitting sac around the heart is lined by the A) parietal pericardium. B) epicardium. C) endocardium. D) parietal myocardium. E) parietal endocardium.

A) parietal pericardium.

The first blood vessels to branch from the pulmonary trunk are the A) pulmonary arteries. B) bronchial arteries. C) circumflex arteries. D) carotid arteries. E) subclavian arteries.

A) pulmonary arteries.

Blood returning directly from the systemic circulation enters the A) right atrium. B) right ventricle. C) left atrium. D) left ventricle. E) pulmonary trunk.

A) right atrium.

Which disease is characterized by defective hemoglobin that results from a mutation affecting the amino acid sequence of one pair of the globular proteins of the hemoglobin molecule resulting in stiff, markedly curved red blood cells? A) sickle cell anemia B) thalassemia C) hematuria D) jaundice E) aplastic anemia

A) sickle cell anemia

The term ________ refers to the combination of plasma and the formed elements together. A) whole blood B) hematocrit C) thrombocyte D) hemopoiesis E) packed cell volume

A) whole blood

The following is a list of the steps involved in the process of hemostasis and clot removal: 1. coagulation phase 2. fibrinolysis 3. vascular phase 4. retraction 5. platelet phase The correct sequence of these steps is A) 5, 1, 4, 2, 3. B) 3, 5, 1, 4, 2. C) 2, 3, 5, 1, 4. D) 3, 4, 5, 2, 1. E) 4, 3, 5, 2, 1.

B) 3, 5, 1, 4, 2.

________ is a condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal. A) Cardiac arrhythmia B) Bradycardia C) Tetanus D) Summation E) Tachycardia

B) Bradycardia

The cardiac pacemaker cells are located in which of the following? A) Purkinje fibers B) SA node C) AV node D) bundle branches E) bundle of His

B) SA node

Platelets A) are phagocytic. B) are a major component of the vascular clotting system. C) are a component of the unformed elements of blood. D) are lymphocytes. E) have multi-lobed nuclei.

B) are a major component of the vascular clotting system.

The muscle layer of the heart is the ________. A) epicardium B) myocardium C) endocardium D) visceral pericardium E) endothelium

B) myocardium

The most abundant type of WBC in a normal blood sample is the ________. A) basophil B) neutrophil C) lymphocyte D) eosinophil E) monocyte

B) neutrophil

The pulse point that is palpated on the lateral wrist is actually the location of which of the following? A) axillary artery B) radial artery C) ulnar artery D) superficial palmar arch E) cubital artery

B) radial artery

Which of the following is the top number in a blood pressure reading? A) diastolic pressure B) systolic pressure C) pulse pressure D) mean arterial pressure E) blood osmotic pressure

B) systolic pressure

A faster-than-normal heart rate is called ________. A) bradycardia B) tachycardia C) tetanus D) myocardial infarctions E) arrhythmias

B) tachycardia

A blood clot attached to the wall of a vessel is called a(n) A) embolus. B) thrombus. C) plaque. D) coagulant. E) platelet plug.

B) thrombus.

The QRS complex on an ECG tracing represents A) atrial depolarization. B) atrial repolarization. C) ventricular depolarization. D) ventricular repolarization. E) ventricular contraction.

C) ventricular depolarization.

The following are various components of the conducting system of the heart: 1 - Purkinje cells 2 - AV bundle 3 - AV node 4 - SA node 5 - bundle branches The sequence in which an action potential would move through this system is A) 1, 4, 3, 2, 5. B) 3, 2, 4, 5, 1. C) 3, 5, 4, 2, 1. D) 4, 3, 2, 5, 1. E) 4, 2, 3, 5, 1.

D) 4, 3, 2, 5, 1.

________ permit the exchange of nutrients, dissolved gases, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues. A) Veins B) Arteries C) Arterial trunks D) Capillaries E) Vena cavae

D) Capillaries

As blood flows through peripheral tissues, what occurs regarding the hemoglobin molecules of RBCs? A) Hemoglobin binds oxygen and releases its bound carbon dioxide. B) Hemoglobin releases carbon dioxide and oxygen. C) Hemoglobin binds oxygen and carbon dioxide. D) Hemoglobin binds carbon dioxide and releases its bound oxygen. E) Hemoglobin gains an increase in its oxygen-carrying capacity.

D) Hemoglobin binds carbon dioxide and releases its bound oxygen.

The tricuspid valve is located A) in the opening of the aorta. B) in the opening of the pulmonary trunk. C) where the vena cavae join the right atrium. D) between the right atrium and right ventricle. E) between the left atrium and left ventricle.

D) between the right atrium and right ventricle.

Blood flowing from the left atrium to the left ventricle flows through the ________ valve. A) aortic B) tricuspid C) pulmonary D) bicuspid E) papillary

D) bicuspid

Drifting blood clots, air bubbles, or fat globules are called ________. A) thrombi B) plaques C) clotting factors D) emboli E) hemostatic elements

D) emboli

The left and right coronary arteries supply blood to the muscle tissue of the A) intestines. B) head. C) brain. D) heart. E) liver.

D) heart.

The vessel that receives most of the blood from organs inferior to the diaphragm is the A) internal jugular vein. B) external jugular vein. C) superior vena cava. D) inferior vena cava. E) coronary sinus.

D) inferior vena cava.

Which condition results from abnormally high levels of bilirubin in the plasma of blood? A) hematuria B) hypoxia C) hemoglobinuria D) jaundice E) thalassemia

D) jaundice

When foreign cells attack the body, one would most likely expect to see increased numbers of A) neutrophils. B) eosinophils. C) basophils. D) lymphocytes. E) thrombocytes.

D) lymphocytes.

A person's blood type is determined by the A) size of the red blood cells. B) shape of the red blood cells. C) chemical character of the hemoglobin. D) presence or absence of specific surface antigens on the plasma membrane. E) number of specific molecules on the plasma membrane.

D) presence or absence of specific surface antigens on the plasma membrane.

In adults, the stem cells responsible for the production of red and white blood cells originate primarily in the A) liver. B) thymus. C) spleen. D) red bone marrow. E) yellow bone marrow.

D) red bone marrow.

The instrument used to measure blood pressure is the ________. A) stethoscope B) thermometer C) endoscope D) sphygmomanometer E) hydrostatic pressure cuff

D) sphygmomanometer

The main event of the coagulation phase is A) vascular spasm. B) conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. C) clot retraction. D) the formation of a platelet plug. E) the contraction of platelets.

D) the formation of a platelet plug.

The T wave of an ECG corresponds to A) atrial depolarization. B) atrial diastole. C) ventricular systole. D) ventricular repolarization. E) atrial repolarization

D) ventricular repolarization.

Bill wants to determine his blood type, so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera. His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti-A serum and anti-Rh serum, but not with the anti-B serum. This means A) Bill could receive type B blood in a transfusion. B) Bill could donate blood to an individual with type AB blood. C) Bill is Rh-negative. D) Bill's plasma would cross-react with type O negative red blood cells. E) Bill's plasma contains anti-B antibodies.

E) Bill's plasma contains anti-B antibodies.

________ are large phagocytic WBCs that remain in circulation for only about 24 hours before entering peripheral tissues to become tissue macrophages. A) Neutrophils B) Eosinophils C) Basophils D) Lymphocytes E) Monocytes

E) Monocytes

The innermost layer of the heart wall is the A) mediastinum. B) parietal pericardium. C) epicardium. D) myocardium. E) endocardium.

E) endocardium.

A hemoglobin molecule contains A) three protein chains, four heme groups, and two iron ions. B) two protein chains, two heme groups, and four iron ions. C) four protein chains, two heme groups, and two iron ions. D) four protein chains, four heme groups, and four iron ions. E) four protein chains, six heme groups, and two iron ions

E) four protein chains, six heme groups, and two iron ions

The primary function of white blood cells is to A) remove carbon dioxide from active cells. B) clump together and stick to the blood vessel walls. C) carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells. D) carry nutrients from the digestive system to the body's cells. E) help defend the body against infectious organisms.

E) help defend the body against infectious organisms.

The heart is surrounded by the ________ cavity. A) peritoneal B) valvular C) cardiac D) coronary E) pericardial

E) pericardial

The right atrium receives blood from the systemic circuit and pumps it to the ________. A) aorta B) left atrium C) right ventricle D) pulmonary trunk E) muscle tissue of the heart wall

C) right ventricle

The ________ circuit carries blood to and from all parts of the body except the lungs. A) pulmonary B) coronary C) systemic D) systolic E) diastolic

C) systemic

The outermost layer of the arterial wall is the A) endothelium. B) tunica intima. C) tunica externa. D) tunica media. E) serosa.

C) tunica externa.

The muscular layer of blood vessels is the A) tunica intima. B) tunica externa. C) tunica media. D) tunica interna. E) tunica adventitia.

C) tunica media.

Blood from the systemic circulation returns to the heart by way of the A) coronary sinus. B) pulmonary veins. C) venae cavae. D) aorta. E) pulmonary arteries.

C) venae cavae.

The semilunar valves prevent backflow into the A) atria. B) aorta. C) ventricles. D) pulmonary trunk. E) venae cavae.

C) ventricles.

The average life span of a red blood cell is about A) 1 week. B) 30 days. C) 120 days. D) 6 months. E) 1 year.

C) 120 days.

The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. 1. right atrium 2. left atrium 3. right ventricle 4. left ventricle 5. vena cavae 6. aorta 7. pulmonary trunk 8. pulmonary veins What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation? A) 1, 2, 7, 8, 3, 4, 6, 5 B) 1, 7, 3, 8, 2, 4, 6, 5 C) 5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6 D) 5, 3, 1, 7, 8, 4, 2, 6 E) 5, 1, 3, 8, 7, 2, 4, 6

C) 5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6

________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of RBCs is reduced. A) Erythropoiesis B) Lymphopoiesis C) Anemia D) Leukopenia E) Leukemia

C) Anemia

Which cell population of WBCs migrate to sites of injury and cross the capillary wall to accumulate within damaged tissues, where they discharge their granules into the interstitial fluids? A) monocytes B) eosinophils C) basophils D) lymphocytes E) neutrophils

C) basophils

The least numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the A) neutrophils. B) eosinophils. C) basophils. D) lymphocytes. E) monocytes.

C) basophils.

The percentage of whole blood volume occupied by cellular elements is termed (the) ________. A) normovolemic B) reticulocyte count C) hematocrit D) hemoglobin concentration E) differential count

C) hematocrit

The right ventricle pumps blood to the A) left atrium. B) left ventricle. C) lungs. D) systemic circuit. E) right atrium.

C) lungs.

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of stages in RBC maturation? A) stem cell, erythroblast stage, proerythroblast, reticulocyte, RBC B) hemocytoblast, myeloblast, reticulocyte, megakaryocyte, RBC C) myeloid stem cell, proerythroblast, erythroblast, reticulocyte, RBC D) monoblast, promonocyte, myelocyte, band cell, RBC E) lymphoblast, proerythroblast, reticulocyte, band cell, RBC

C) myeloid stem cell, proerythroblast, erythroblast, reticulocyte, RBC