Anatomy Unit 1 Review
thin skin
Covers most of the body Has four layers of keratinocytes stratum lucidum is absent hair only found on thin skin
In humans, palmar and plantar surfaces of the hands and feet typically
do not have hair
In humans, the distal segments of the fingers and toes
do not have hair
The opposite of depression is
elevation
True or false: The collagenous fibers of dense irregular connective tissue are parallel and closely packed.
false
accessory skin structures
hair, glands, nails
Which of the body cavities contain serous membranes?
pericardial
Vitamin D production in the skin
promotes calcium absorption and bone health
The functions of vitamin D include
promoting uptake of phosphate from intestines stimulating the uptake of calcium from the intestines
Dendrites
receive action potentials, shorter than axons, multiple branches at their ends
Indicate the three components of extracellular matrix.
Ground substance Protein fibers Fluid
The type of lamellae found between osteons (haversian systems) is
concentric
Simple glands are ______ glands.
multicellular
If your patient had very low levels of vitamin D, what would you expect to find?
A higher than normal concentration of calcium in the urine A lower than normal concentration of calcium and phosphate in the blood
Select the statements that describe calluses.
Are localized thickenings in the stratum corneum Develop in areas subject to heavy friction or pressure
Indicate functions of connective tissue in the body.
Attachment of one tissue to another Transport of nutrients, gases, enzymes and hormones. Storage of high-energy molecules and minerals. Lends support
the dermis contains
Blood vessels, sensory neurons, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles, smooth muscle
True or false: Extracellular matrix includes protein fibers, cytoplasm, and ground substance.
False: Extracellular matrix includes the extracellular fluid, ground substance, and protein fibers.
rue or false: Exocrine glands are classified as compound if they have a single unbranched duct.
False: compound glands have a branched duct
Choose the components of the dermis.
Fibers, glands, blood vessels and nerve endings
What are the two criteria used to classify the different types of epithelial tissue?
Number of cell layers Shape of epithelial cells
pseudo-unipolar neuron
One axon that splits into two branches
Stratum lucidum (clear layer)
Only in thick skin Thin, translucent band superficial to the stratum granulosum A few rows of flat, dead keratinocytes
eccrine sweat glands
Secreting glands, are far more numerous and are abundant on palms, soles of feet and forehead. Each is a simple, coiled, tubular gland. Ducts connect to pores. Sweat: 99% water, NaCl, vitamin C, antibodies, dermcidin and metabolic wastes.
These collagen fibers help to connect ligaments and tendons to the periosteum of the bone.
Sharpey Fibers
apocrine glands
Sweat glands in the pubic and underarm areas that secrete thicker sweat, that produce odor when come in contact with bacteria on the skin
What are the deepest structures damaged in a fourth-degree burn?
Tendons, fascia, muscle, and bone
Rheumatoid arthritis is
a condition that may involve an autoimmune disease
Gout is
a metabolic disorder caused by increased uric acid in blood.
multipolar neuron
a nerve cell that has many dendrites and a single axon
Two methods used by the skin to help decrease body temperature are
activating sweat glands, dilating dermal blood vessels
The type of connective tissue found beneath the skin, within the breast, and on the surface of the heart is
adipose
Binding of epithelia to deeper tissues and providing an arena for immune defense are functions of the loose connective tissue called ______ tissue.
areolar
The loose connective tissue that is the "loose packing" material of most organs and attaches epithelial tissue to deeper tissue is called
areolar
You would look for concentric lamellae
around the central canal of an osteon
subcutaneous tissue
attaches skin to underlying muscles and supplies skin with blood vessels and nerves. consists of loose connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers. sometimes called "hypodermis"
bone growth requires adequate amounts of certain substance from the diet. Which of the following list three of the dietary needs for normal bone growth?
calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D
three parts of a neuron
cell body, dendrites, axon
glia
cells found throughout the nervous system that provide various types of support for neurons
main protein fiber in dermis
collagen (elastic and reticular also present)
Which type of bone tissue is considered dense bone?
compact bone
reticular layer
composed of dense irregular connective tissue main layer of the dermis
axons
conduct action potentials away from the cell body, longer than dendrites, constant diameter
Storing fats is a function of a ______ tissue.
connective
Support and binding tissues together are examples of functions for
connective
Support and binding tissues together are examples of functions for ______ tissue.
connective
papillary layer
contains projection called dermal papillae that extend toward the epidermis. loose connective tissue with thin fibers loosely arranged contains bloods vessels that supply epidermis with O2 and nutrients, remove waste products and aid in body temp regulation
stratum basale
deepest layer of epidermis, single layer of cuboidal or columnar cells. Anchors epidermis to basement membrane.
layers of the skin
dermis and epidermis
Two types of sweat glands
eccrine and apocrine
What type of fibers are found in areolar connective tissue?
elastic, collagen
A joint that has no joint cavity and exhibits little or no movement would be classified as a ______ joint
fibrous
The type of burn involving only epidermal tissue, such as a sunburn, would be categorized as
first degree
Which of the following is NOT a cartilaginous joint?
fontanelles
The simplest types of movement at a synovial joint are _________blank movements.
gliding
The effects of aging on the skin include all of the following except
increases in sebaceous gland activity
edpidermis
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
The medial meniscus is in the
knee
skeletal muscle cells
long, cylindrical, striated, multinucleate
In the figure of the hair follicle, what is label C?
medulla
The deposition of which of the following substances is primarily responsible for the color of the skin, hair and eyes?
melanin
embryonic connective tissue is called
mesenchyme
In replacement, a ______ type of tissue develops.
new
bipolar neurons
one axon and one dendrite
stratum corneum
outermost layer of the epidermis, which consists of flattened, keratinized cells
The dermis contains receptors that detect
pain changes in pressure variations in temperature touch
two layers of the dermis
papillary and reticular
The function of a bursa is to
provide a fluid-filled cushion that reduces friction.
In _____________ the new cells are the same type as those that were destroyed.
regeneration
Name the two processes that result in the repair of injured tissue.
regeneration and replacement
The type of connective tissue that helps to tightly bind bones together, resist stress, attach muscle to bone, and transfer muscular tension to bones is called dense _______ collagenous tissue.
regular
Item 4 A pivot joint
restricts movement to rotation
the two major glands of the skin
sebaceous glands and sweat glands
sebaceous glands
secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass through the dermis simple or compound alveolar glands
What kind of membrane lines an internal body cavity or covers the external surfaces of the viscera?
serous
What are the three major types of tissue membranes?
serous, mucous, synovial
cardiac muscle cells
shorter, cylindrical, striated, usually one nucleus, branched and connected to each other by intercalated discs.
Exocrine glands that have a single unbranched duct are classified as ______ exocrine glands.
simple
Subcutaneous tissue contains of all of the following EXCEPT
stratified squamous epithelial tissue
Five strata of the epidermis
stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum
Rotating the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly is called
supination
What major category of tissue membrane is composed only of connective tissue?
synovial
smooth muscle cells
tapered at each end, single nucleus, not striated
Second degree burns involve damage to
the epidermis and dermis
Identify the functions of the integumentary system.
thermoregulation resistance to infection sensation of environmental stimuli
True or false: A tissue that consists of an open lacy network of relatively few protein fibers with widely scattered cells would be classified as a type of loose connective tissue. True false question.
true
A single secretory cell forms a(n) ______ gland.
unicellular
The symptoms of third degree burns include
usually painless because the sensory receptors have been destroyed.