Ancient China

How were the areas of the Zhou empire ruled?

Different family members were given different areas to rule.

The first ruler of the Zhou dynasty

Duke of Zhou

the sage king venerated by Confucius

Duke of Zhou

A mythological figure; credited with being the original genius and engineer; responsible for the invention of the wheel, ships, armor, pottery, and silk

Emperor Huangdi

What was China's main imports and exports?

Exports: Jade, silk, other valuable goods. Imports: Gold, silver, and wool Traded to Greek & Romans

respect for everyone older than you (specifically fathers)

Filial Piety

How long was the Great Wall of China during the Qin time?

1,500 miles long

zhou

1122-256 BC (longest lasting) -introduced iron, transformed chinese agriculture -began building grand canal- links rivers together for travel and trade -used iron farming tools and pulled oxen -internal trade expanded -established central government -used copper coins -irrigation advances -nomads took over; many city-states, rulers had no real power outside own city-state -king you

How long did the Qin dynasty last?

15 years

The approximate amount of ethnicities in China

150

Shang Dynasty

1500-1122 BC -pan gang -agricultural advances -ancestor worship -widespread use of domesticated animals -kaolin porcelain (china) -calendars and astronomy helped to predict harvests and floods -silk -provided flood services -created calligraphy and a written language -rose to power and conquered many territories -king tried to expand border but was overtaken by Zhou dynasty

Han Dynasty

202-220 AD -wu di- negotiated pax sinica -confucius- originated idea for civil service system -civil service system -levelling- agents bought and sold surpluses to control pricing -pax sinica established, "chinese peace" , peace treaty with nomads to north -merchants opened silk route -china's population grew to over 60 million -a revolt overthrew last emperor

How long did the Han dynasty keep its power?

400 years.

The Shang Dynasty comprised of

5 or 6 families

How many people lived in the Han dynasty at its height?

50 Million

The ten Chinese dynasties took place over a time period of

5000 years

What government system did the Han dynasty have?

A civil service system. Runs the day-to-day business of government.

When did Han empire fall?

AD 220. Had to go south.

What type of government was the Qin dynasty?

Autocracy. Qin held absolute power, and executed people who spoke out against his government.

Why and where to did the Zhou capital move?

Because of an attack from outside forces, and it moved eastward.

Why did people revolt against the Qin dynasty?

Because they had to do forced labor.

How were people elected to be a government official in the civil service system?

First, based on family connections. Then, Han created system of examinations. Theoretically, was open to anyone, but was usually people with connections or money for schooling. This system remained important to China until AD 1900.

How did Qin defend its borders from invaders?

Building a protective wall, which other dynasties added on to, creating the Great Wall of China.

What was the capitol of the Qin dynasty?

Ch'ang-an (now called Xi'an)

The use of the term "east" is a reference to

China

How did the Han dynasty receive its name?

From the title that Liu Bang took; King of Han

What is leveling?

Gov. using price controls when there was a surplus of shortage of something, so citizens could have same money. Han dynasty.

The namesake of the Chinese people themselves

Han Dynasty

dynasty in power during the end of the Roman Republic as it becomes the Roman Empire

Han Dynasty

cultural peak of China was during the

Han dynasty

The only distinctly Chinese group

Hans

the collection of dynasties as a whole is referred to as

Imperial China

a common artistic theme in China

Landscape paintings on silk

Who founded the Han dynasty?

Liu Bang

What were the Warring States?

New powers that began to fight for control of China during the last weak 500 years of Zhou rule.

What was an important invention of the Han dynasty?

Paper

What do Chinese people call themselves today?

People of Han

China's title under communism

People's Republic of China

China became unified with a centralized government during this dynasty

Qin

Second dynasty of foreign rule; the Manchus

Qin

China's namesake

Qin dynasty

Who founded the Qin dynasty? What name did he take for himself?

Ruler Cheng. Named himself Shih Huang Ti (first emperor)

This dynasty was a hyper empire

Tang

the most important man in Chinese history

Confucius

In the dynastic cycle: after the natural disasters,

The poor lose respect for the government and join the rebels

Sage Kings

The wise kings in power during the very beginning of the Zhou Dynasty

How did the Qin dynasty come to power?

Through their military might.

What is the Mandate of Heaven?

When the god of heaven approves of someone being a ruler.

the Qing dynasty collapses around

World War II

Who did Liu Ch'e fight many battles with?

Xiongnu, people from Asia

The two major rivers of China

Yellow, Yangtze

Chinese ruled by Mongols

Yuan

The longest dynasty

Zhou

What was the longest of the three dynasties?

Zhou

dynasty in power during the Mauryan empire

Zhou

Chinese become aware of the cyclical pattern during the

Zhou dynasty

China's small villages governed by

a council of elders (continuity)

Mongol rule is considered a Chinese dynasty because they

adopted Chinese customs and bureaucracy

The Shang dynasty is known for their work in

bronze

trade of this was monopolized by the government during the Shang dynasty

bronze

an extended family with whom you'd live

clan

The attitude of China

cycle, repetition

irrigation allowed the Chinese to

drain floodwaters

The emperor gives land to nobles and in return, they pledge loyalty and military allegiance

feudalism

The Zhou government is

feudalistic

The government of the Shang dynasty is

feudalistic

Qin Dynasty

from 221-207 BC -founded by shi huangdi (terracotta army) -liubang- leader of rebellion -cavalry with bows and arrows -standard weights -uniform system of writing -different types of coins -autocracy (absolute power) -united chinese under strong central government -created first chinese empire -divided china into military provinces -connected great wall of china -leaders killed many scholars and the people revolted

What was the legend of Zhou leader King Yu?

he abandoned his wife for Pao-Szu, and singled that there was an attack just to entertain himself. Then, when there was an attack, no soldiers showed up to defend the land.

The value of silk was kept high and monopolized by the Chinese by them

keeping the skill making technique a secret

In the dynastic cycle: after the increase in government spending,

natural disasters occur

In the dynastic cycle: after the common people's lives improve,

problems begin, such as invasions and feudal warlord uprisings

The attitude of the US and Europe

progression

The large ethnic diversity often led to

racial discrimination

After the collapse of the last dynasty, China has a short period of time in which it's a

republic

member of society who commits suicide in order to be buried with the king (whether voluntarily or not)

retainer

The most important Chinese commodity

silk

silk robes demonstrated

social status

In the dynastic cycle: after the problems start,

taxes increase, conscription starts, farming is neglected

The use of the term "west" is a reference to

the US and Europe

In the dynastic cycle: after the start of conscription, and the neglect of farming,

the government increases its spending, corruption increases

In the dynastic cycle: after the new dynasty starts,

the government makes reforms and increases efficiency

In the dynastic cycle: after the government makes reforms,

the lives of common people improve, taxes are reduced, farming is encouraged

In the dynastic cycle, after the poor join the rebels,

the rebels find a strong leader, unite, and attack the emperor

Shang kings were buried with

the royal court, high members of royal army

China is left behind in development due to

them missing the Industrial Revolution

the job of women in dynastic China

uncomplaining obedience

the "religion" of Chinese dynasties

veneration of ancestors

The reason ancient Chinese texts couldn't be preserved

were made of paper, disintegrated

The only evidence of the Chinese written language

writing on oracle bones

Who overthrew the Qin dynasty?

Liu Bang, a commoner who had become a Qin general.

Who was the longest ruling emperor of the Han dynasty? What areas did he conquer?

Liu Ch'e. Extended empire into Northern Korea, Manchuria, Southeast Asia, and west into Central Asia

How did the Zhou start losing control?

Local leaders started fighting among themselves and there were attacks from outside forces.

China's communist leader

Mao Zedong

Had the largest empire in history

Mongolia

Considered to have the best bronzework

Shang

Oracle bones and bronze casting were used in the

Shang Dynasty

A dynasty in which very little occurs

Song

How long is the silk road?

Stretched from China across central Asia and into Mediterranean region.

-Dynasty whose rule was only by that of a father and son; both were assassinated -Dynasty that built the canal connecting the two major rivers

Sui

When the Ming dynasty closes China's borders, they miss

The Renaissance, Scientific Revolution