Ancient Incas

Politics-Government (Tawantinsuyu) Sapa Inca

leader of the Incas means Sole ruler, most powerful leader in the land with officers (relatives) that report to him.

differences in education

no formal school . Nobles educated by scholars (Amawtakuna) who taught then customs, traditions, record-keeping, military training and government ending qt 19. Commoners taught skills and traits from family passed down through generations. Also taught skills such as farming, hunting and fishing and religion of there people.

sacred symbols

puma, serpent, llama

Mita System (no money system)

taxes paid through labor- every good person had o do work for the good of the community (soldiers, farmers, messengers, road builders, construction workers or whatever needed to be done

modern traditions based on ancient rituals and catholicism

the festival of Corpus Christi- 60 days after Easter in June danced in street with mask and ended with a parade of 15 large sculptures of saints. Inti Raymi takes place at the fountain in the center of town. Hundreds march from the center of town to Saqsaywaman where they act out rituals.

terrace farming ( steps) and crops grown

An area of flat land carved into a hillside and used to over come farming problems. They were built on the sides of cliffs used irrigated water form underground sources. Root vegetables (potatoes, squash, beets, carrots) and they also grew quinoa, beans, avocado and tomatoes

Atahualpa

Atahualpa was born in 1502 and was the younger song of Huayna who was the ruler of the Incas. When Atahualpa father died the Inca Kingdom was split in half. Each of Huayna sons got a part of the kingdom. This divided caused a civil war. Atahualpa fought his brother and won the civil war in 1532. He was then captured by Francisco Pizarro. Atahualpa had to pay a ransom in gold for his release. Francisco Pizarro killed Atahualpa anyway.

Why would they sacrifices children

Because children were considered pure beings, so their sacrifice was considered to be an honor to the gods.

Viceroy

Closet advisor to San Inca but did not hold much power.

What was the capital city of the Inca Empire

Cuzco

Machu Picchu When, who and why did it take so long to discover?

Discovered on July 4. 2011. Machu Picchu is one of the most famous archaeological sites in the world because it is so well preserved. Machu Picchu is a 15th century ancient Inca ruin located about 50 miles northwest of Cuzco, Peru. It is in the Andes Mountains and overlooks the Urubamba River. It is 80,000 acres of terraced fields. These field used to be used for growing crops. It was discovered by Hiram Bingham III, a professor at Yale University. He found it covered by vegetation. It had never been visited by Spanish explorers so it was mostly intact and well preserved. A few reasons it took so long to discover was in was high up in the mountains hidden from others. The explorers and conquistadors did not know it existed so they hadn't destroyed it. It had also been hidden by many years of plant growth covering its existence.

road system- Inca Trail

The Inca Trail was a walking route through mountains for quick communication. There were around 2,000 inns for travelers with shelter and food.

Francisco Pizarro- cause end of civilization

Francisco Pizarro was born 1476 in Trujillo, Spain. He the conquistador Vasco Nunez de Balbo when he discovered the Pacific Ocean when crossing the Isthmus of Panama. He concurred Peru. He had three expeditions to Peru. On his last journey Pizarro tricked Atahualpa, the ruler of the Incas, and captured him. Pizarro was paid a ransom for Atahualpa release but he killed him anyway. After he founded Lima as the capital of Peru and was the governor for ten years. He was assassinated in 1538 by the sons of his expedition partner, Diego Almagro. The end of the Inca civilization was after Atahualpa had won the civil war against his brother. Francisco Pizarro captured Atahualpa, the ruler of the Incas. Atahualpa paid a ransom in gold for his release but Pizarro killed him anyway which caused the end of the Inca Empire. This with the smallpox and other diseases caused the end of the Inca civilization.

Simple Rule

I the Quechua language is "ama sua, ama llulla. ama chella." It means do not steal, do not lie, do not be lazy." If you lived by the rule you lived in the sun warmth and if not you spend your eternal days in the cold earth.

Types of government

The Inca government was set up similar to the US government. The leader (Sapa Inca) maintain complete control of the government powers. No checks and balances. The people were unable to vote on laws or rulers.

Gold why sacred

The Incas revered gold as the sweat of the sun and believed that it represented the sun's regenerative powers. Gold offerings to the dead were important because of the immutability of the metal: unlike silver and copper, it did not tarnish, nor did it rot like food and textiles.For the priests, gold and silver were used for making cups, plates, vests and so on; the best example is that the most important temple of the empire, the Koricancha in Cusco city, had its walls covered with massive, large gold layers. The Inca gold was not the real source of wealth and social status.

ways they dressed

The fabric and clothes they created were intricately designs and decorated with colors, patterns and images that told stories and had religious and spiritual meaning. The clothes comfortable and protected them form the elements. They would also tell class level. They dressed in textile depending on the topography and weather.

record- keeping system- Quipa

The kept records with a Quipu. They could record dates, statistics, and accounts and help record history through memory. It was a very simple and portable device that uses color, strings and knots to record information. The knots and string would be woven in different ways to records and meaning. They used a math system based on decimals like our system today. Different types of knots would mean different things. Primary knots would be whole numbers and secondary stings would ne secondary to the first knot. You could join quipu to be more specific.

The official language of the Inca-Quechua

The official language of the Incas is the Quechua. The Quechua language has 25 million speakers, this language is spoken in ten countries in Latin America .In the of these countries this is the official language, and once was the language of the great Inca Empire. Not many people know a lot about it anymore.

High Priest

They performed rituals to the many gods and worshiped in temples through the empire. He was most powerful man next to the inca ruler Sapa Inca also called Willaq Uma.

When would they perform child sacrifices

This ceremony was not performed often and was reserved for only the most special of occasions, such as the death of an emperor, the birth of a royal son, a great military victory, or special dates on the Inca calendar.

Who were the most important gods to the Inca

Viracoha and his son Inti

Who would be the child being sacrificed

bogs and girls between the ages of 4 and 16 who met the ideals of physical perfection and even the children of the local rulers would be sacrificed

Describe the climate and landforms - How does it influence life for the Inca

they lived in mountainous land forms with high altitudes where it was extremely cold. They could only grow root vegetables. They were mostly vegetarians because it was hard to keep large animals and grow crops on the mountains. They had to rely on llamas for transportation, clothing and a meat source. They used ground water to develop terrace farming.

Where did the Inca live

they lived in the Andes Mountains witch is now modern day Peru