Anesthesia & Pain Management

Calculate the total amount of mLs to be administered for the following drug order: Acepromazine [10mg/ml] .05mg/kg for a 60kg K9

0.3 mls ()

Calculate the total amount of mLs to be administered for the following drug order: Propofol [1%] 4mg/kg for a 10kg K9

0.4 mLs ()

When calculating out the vaporizer setting, what is the formula for Stage III/Plane I (light)?

1 x MAC ()

As a rough guideline, to maintain surgical anesthesia safely, the vaporizer should be set at about:

1.5 x MAC ()

When calculating out the vaporizer setting, what is the formula for Stage III/Plane II (surgical plane)?

1.5 x MAC ()

Which of the following values is a normal rectal temperature for a dog?

102° F ()

When calculating out the vaporizer setting, what is the formula for Stage III/Plane III (deep) ?

2 x MAC ()

In small animal anesthesia, when the patient is bagged, the pressure manometer reading should not exceed:

20 cm H2O ()

Post surgical pain control is most important during the first

24 hrs ()

What size reservoir bag would be used for a 33kg dog?

2L ()

To ensure the most accurate blood pressure reading, the cuff should be what percentage of the width of the limb?

40% ()

After discontinuing the inhalant at the end of a procedure, how many minutes of oxygen should be administered to the patient?

5 minutes ()

An anesthetized animal should receive sigh breaths every ____ minutes

5-10 ()

To prevent atelectasis during general anesthesia, healthy small-animal patients should be bagged approximately every

5-10 minutes ()

In general, a respiratory rate of less than _____ breaths per minute in an anesthetized dog should be reported to the veterinarian.

6 ()

A heart rate of less than ________bpm in the large breed dog, and ______in the small dog or cat is considered to be bradycardia.

60-90 ()

What oxygen saturation percentage indicates hypoxemia in an anesthetized patient?

90-94% ()

A dog in an appropriate plane of anesthesia under isoflurane would be expected to have a pulse oximeter reading of

97 ()

Mild hypothermia is described as a temperature below

97F ()

All are controlled substances except

Acepromazine ()

The anesthetist will know when the granules in the carbon dioxide absorber have been depleted because of all of the following EXCEPT the:

Anesthetist will smell waste carbon dioxide ()

In a Siamese cat, the endotracheal tube should be removed

As soon as the animal begins to swallow and cough ()

Severe bradycardia caused by dexmedetomidine is best treated with

Atipamezole ()

Daily pre-anesthesia check of the anesthesia machine should include all of these except

Calibrating the vaporizer ()

Which of the following monitoring parameters is used for the measurement and numerical display of the carbon dioxide concentration in the respiratory gas?

Capnometry ()

In the RECOVER initiative, what does basic life support (BLS) refer to?

Chest compressions and manual ventilation ()

Which of the following statements concerning endotracheal intubation is false?

Choosing a tube that is too short may cause increased mechanical dead space. ()

After lubricating, placing, and inflating the cuff of an endotracheal tube, you notice a sudden decrease in heart rate. The most likely cause is

Cuff my be overinflated, producing vagal-induced bradycardia ()

Hypoventilation that occurs in the anesthetized patient is characterized by

Decreased oxygen levels and increased carbon dioxide levels ()

Which of the following indicates the endotracheal tube has not been placed properly?

Detecting two rigid tubes in the neck area. ()

Which drug is used to treat post-anesthesia seizures?

Diazepam ()

Which one of the following drugs will precipitate out when mixed with other drugs or solutions?

Diazepam ()

You have just completed filling the cuff on the endotracheal tube. The pressure relief valve is stuck in the closed position. Your best option is to

Disconnect the patient from the anesthesia machine ()

What happens to the patient if their endotracheal tube is blocked or kinked?

Dyspnea and respiratory arrest ()

All of the of the following are clinical signs used to evaluate the depth of anesthesia, except

Ear pinch ()

If a patient appears cyanotic under anesthesia, what is the first thing the anesthetist should do?

Ensure oxygen is being delivered to the patient ()

Which of the following drugs is considered to be the best choice for a patient with known heart disease?

Etomidate ()

How often should an anesthetized patient's heart rate, respiratory rate, mucous membrane color and capillary refill time be recorded in the patient chart?

Every 5 minutes ()

In the healthy awake animal, the main stimulus to breathe is a result of

Excess carbon dioxide concentration in the blood ()

Patient related prolonged recovery may be caused by all the following EXCEPT

Excessive anesthetic depth ()

What is an example of human error leading to an anesthetic complication?

Failure to adequately prepare the patient ()

The amount of oxygen an animal is receiving is indicated by the:

Flowmeter ()

What is the common side effect of NSAID administration in the dog?

Gastritis, ulcers, and acute renal failure ()

An esophageal stethoscope can obtain which parameters:

HR and RR ()

The vital signs include: Body temp, HR, RR, pulse quality, mm color, CRT and blood pressure.

HR and RR (-)

An esophageal stethoscope can be used to monitor

Heart and respiratory rates ()

Which of the following statements about how to induce anesthesia in a young healthy patient using an IV agent such as Alfaxalone or propofol is least accurate?

If, after giving the initial amount, the patient is not adequately anesthetized to allow intubation, give the rest of the calculated dose. ()

Which of the following does not cause an increase in respiratory rate in an anesthetized animal?

Increased PaO2 ()

Which of the following is not an advantage of using an endotracheal tube?

Increases the chances of airway obstruction ()

What is the best technique to secure an endotracheal tube to an animal?

It should be secured by gauze strips around the head in cats and brachycephalic dogs and caudal to the upper canines in other breeds of dogs. ()

Which of the following statements about ketamine is true?

Low dose ketamine prevents NMDA receptor "wind up" ()

Overinflation of the lungs during artificial ventilation

May cause emphysema ()

Which of the following is a reversal for opioids?

Naloxone ()

What minimum information should be on the syringe label?

Patient name, drug name, drug concentration, drug volume ()

What will pulse oximetry often allow you to estimate?

Percent saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen ()

Which animal is most likely to experience laryngospasm during endotracheal intubation?

Persian cat ()

The preferred method for treating a cat with laryngospasm is to

Place a drop of a topical anesthetic in the laryngeal area, wait 30-60 seconds, and then intubate the animal. ()

Overinflation or underinflation of the endotracheal tube cuff can result in all of the following except

Prevention of fluid aspiration into the lungs ()

Which of the following induction agents cannot be administered IM?

Propofol ()

If a capnograph tracing reads zero, what is the possible explanation?

The endotracheal tube is in the esophagus. ()

What does a pulse oximetry reading of 90% on an anesthetized patient receiving oxygen indicate?

The patient needs more oxygen therapy, inform the veterinarian ()

Which of the following is an indicator that the endotracheal tube has been placed in the esophagus instead of the trachea?

The unidirectional valves don't move. ()

Propofol sometimes causes transient apnea. To avoid this, the anesthetist should

Titrate this drug in several boluses ()

What is the purpose of reviewing the six rights of medication administration prior to giving patients drugs?

To prevent drug administration errors ()

If a patient is truly hypotensive under anesthesia, what is the first thing the anesthetist should do?

Turn down the inhalant ()

A patient is light under anesthesia. After notifying the doctor, what should be the anesthetist's first corrective measure?

Turn up the anesthesia vaporizer and oxygen flow rate ()

It is best to extubate the patient

When the swallow reflex has returned ()

When placing the ECG leads, which color electrode is attached to the right forelimb of the cat/dog?

White electrode ()

Tachycardia in an anesthetized patient may be an indication of any of the following except

Xylazine overdose ()

Prolonged recovery may be caused by all the following EXCEPT

adequate perfusion ()

A painful response to a non-painful stimulus is called:

allodynia ()

When placing the ECG leads, which color electrode is attached to the left forelimb of the cat/dog?

black electrode ()

The rate of return of color to oral mucous membranes after the application of gentle digital pressure is indicative of the perfusion of the peripheral tissues with blood is what monitoring parameter?

capillary refill time ()

Which monitoring device measures exhaled CO2 levels?

capnometer ()

Hypotension can be caused by

cardiac insufficiency ()

Pale mucous membranes are indicative of

decreased perfusion ()

An ETCO2 level of 65 would commonly be caused by:

decreased tidal volume ()

An ETco2 level of 65 would commonly be caused by

decreased tidal volume ()

Which drug is the first line of therapy to treat asystole and cardiac arrest?

epinephrine ()

If the soda-lime is exhausted during an anesthetic procedure, what adverse effect results?

hypercapnia ()

During anesthesia, a mean arterial blood pressure of less than 60 mmHg indicates

inadequate tissue perfusion ()

A/An _____ in the blood stimulates the animal to take a breath

increase of carbon dioxide ()

Which of the follow anesthetic induction administration routes take the longest to take effect?

intramuscular ()

The piece of equipment that facilitates intubating a patient is the

laryngoscope ()

Flowmeters that have a ball for reading the gauge should be read from the __________ of the ball.

middle ()

An anesthetist should be aware of the effects of anesthetic agents on the patient. When used as preanesthetics, atropine and acepromazine can cause all of the following, except

respiratory depression ()

The pulse oximeter probe is generally placed on the

tongue ()

Rebreathing systems are ideal for most patients, except patients who are:

very small, under 2.5kg ()