ANSC 3308 Lab practicum

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omasum occupies

12%

ruminant

4 chambered stomach cattle, deer, sheep, goats, girrafes

abomasum occupies

4%

rumen and reticulum occupy

84% of stomach; rumen largest holding 40 gallons; reticulorumen

pyloric valve

Valve controlling food movement from the stomach into the duodenum (SI)

rum saliva

buffer pH levels in reticulum and rumen; mature cow pro 50 quarts per day

bolus

a soft mass of chewed food

LI rum

absorbs water, excretes feces cecum 3 ft 2 gal little function, colon heavy water absorption, rectum is final water

SI

absorption

LI

absorption of water; mucous added

VFA

acetate; fat propionate; glucose butyrate; CHO energy

LI avian

aka colon; shorter than SI; final water reabsorption

Avian intake

begins at mouth ends at cloaca; esophagus, crop, proventriculus, gizzard/ventriculus, SI, LI, cloaca

cecum

between ileum and LI; "blind gut"; HGF digestion of fiber/CHO

cardiac valve

between stomach and esophagus; keeps food in stomach from going back into esophagus

true ruminant

cattle, sheep, goats, deer, antelope; reticulum, rumen, omasum and abomasum

concentrate selectors

deer, giraffes; narrower chisel shaped incisors

order of small intestine

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

duodenum

first section of SI

reticulum

holds 5 gal; collect smaller digesta particles and move them to omasum; honeycomb; against diaphragm; wire etc collected can lead to hardware disease

colon

largest portion of LI; WATER ABSORPTION!! formation of feces

ileum

last section of SI

Feed efficiency

lbs feed per day / ADG

rumen

left behind; up to 48 hrs; aka paunch; lined with papillae for nutrient absorption; fermentation vat (microbial); pH 6.5-6.8

Forms of digestion

mechanical and chemical

gizzard/ventriculus

mechanical stomach acting as teeth using 2 muscles; small stones

cecum horse

microbes break down cellulose and hemcellulose

jujenum

mid section of SI

Cloaca

mixing of digestive waste with urinary waste; repro tract vagina folds allowing egg through vent without contact with waste material

monogastric

one stomach swime, humans, birds, dogs, cats

ceca avian

plural cecum; two blind pouches where SI and LI join; fermentation of any remaining materials

bile avian

pro from liver via gall bladder; fat digestion

bicarbonate

pro in pancreas; counter acidic conditions in SI

saliva enzymes

salivary amylase, salivary lipase (ruminant)

bile

secreted by liver; digestion of fat; duodenum

Hydrochloric acid and enzymes

secreted in stomach

pancreas

secretions aid in digestion of fats, CHO, and proteins; duodenum

omasum

spherical; connected to reticulum by short tunnel; aka many piles or butchers bible; folds increase absorption surface area; water absorption

Gall bladder

storage for bile

salivary glands

sublingual, mandibular, parotid

crop

temp storage pouch; impacted free range on fibrous vegetation

abomasum

true stomach pepsin; proteins pancreatic lipase; fats chief cells secrete mucous to protect abomasal wall from acid pH 3.5-4

proventriculus

true stomach; hydrochloric acid and pepsin interact to begin digestion

rum SI

up to 150 ft long, 20 gal, mix w pancreas and liver juices to elevate pH from 2.5 to 7-8 bile from gall bladder secreted into duodenum

Peristalsis

wave like muscle contractions move food

grass/roughage selectors

wide shovel shaped crown on incisors

rum esophagus

works with muscle contractions and pressure differences; bidirectionally regurgitate cud for more chewing


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