ANSC 3308 Lab practicum
omasum occupies
12%
ruminant
4 chambered stomach cattle, deer, sheep, goats, girrafes
abomasum occupies
4%
rumen and reticulum occupy
84% of stomach; rumen largest holding 40 gallons; reticulorumen
pyloric valve
Valve controlling food movement from the stomach into the duodenum (SI)
rum saliva
buffer pH levels in reticulum and rumen; mature cow pro 50 quarts per day
bolus
a soft mass of chewed food
LI rum
absorbs water, excretes feces cecum 3 ft 2 gal little function, colon heavy water absorption, rectum is final water
SI
absorption
LI
absorption of water; mucous added
VFA
acetate; fat propionate; glucose butyrate; CHO energy
LI avian
aka colon; shorter than SI; final water reabsorption
Avian intake
begins at mouth ends at cloaca; esophagus, crop, proventriculus, gizzard/ventriculus, SI, LI, cloaca
cecum
between ileum and LI; "blind gut"; HGF digestion of fiber/CHO
cardiac valve
between stomach and esophagus; keeps food in stomach from going back into esophagus
true ruminant
cattle, sheep, goats, deer, antelope; reticulum, rumen, omasum and abomasum
concentrate selectors
deer, giraffes; narrower chisel shaped incisors
order of small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
duodenum
first section of SI
reticulum
holds 5 gal; collect smaller digesta particles and move them to omasum; honeycomb; against diaphragm; wire etc collected can lead to hardware disease
colon
largest portion of LI; WATER ABSORPTION!! formation of feces
ileum
last section of SI
Feed efficiency
lbs feed per day / ADG
rumen
left behind; up to 48 hrs; aka paunch; lined with papillae for nutrient absorption; fermentation vat (microbial); pH 6.5-6.8
Forms of digestion
mechanical and chemical
gizzard/ventriculus
mechanical stomach acting as teeth using 2 muscles; small stones
cecum horse
microbes break down cellulose and hemcellulose
jujenum
mid section of SI
Cloaca
mixing of digestive waste with urinary waste; repro tract vagina folds allowing egg through vent without contact with waste material
monogastric
one stomach swime, humans, birds, dogs, cats
ceca avian
plural cecum; two blind pouches where SI and LI join; fermentation of any remaining materials
bile avian
pro from liver via gall bladder; fat digestion
bicarbonate
pro in pancreas; counter acidic conditions in SI
saliva enzymes
salivary amylase, salivary lipase (ruminant)
bile
secreted by liver; digestion of fat; duodenum
Hydrochloric acid and enzymes
secreted in stomach
pancreas
secretions aid in digestion of fats, CHO, and proteins; duodenum
omasum
spherical; connected to reticulum by short tunnel; aka many piles or butchers bible; folds increase absorption surface area; water absorption
Gall bladder
storage for bile
salivary glands
sublingual, mandibular, parotid
crop
temp storage pouch; impacted free range on fibrous vegetation
abomasum
true stomach pepsin; proteins pancreatic lipase; fats chief cells secrete mucous to protect abomasal wall from acid pH 3.5-4
proventriculus
true stomach; hydrochloric acid and pepsin interact to begin digestion
rum SI
up to 150 ft long, 20 gal, mix w pancreas and liver juices to elevate pH from 2.5 to 7-8 bile from gall bladder secreted into duodenum
Peristalsis
wave like muscle contractions move food
grass/roughage selectors
wide shovel shaped crown on incisors
rum esophagus
works with muscle contractions and pressure differences; bidirectionally regurgitate cud for more chewing
