ANT 101 Study Guide - Test 2 Review (Final Exam)
What's the difference between a lineage and a clan?
A lineage has a known common ancestor but a clan cannot specify
The process of cultural change known as ____ describes the situation in which subordinate society adopts cultural trades or technologies through contact with a more powerful society either through force or due to perceived economic or social advantages
Acculturation
What is student?
Achieved status
Caste is a form of
Ascribed status (what you are born into)
What kind of reciprocity did we see in Onka
Balanced reciprocity
Why do we have to be careful about drawing inferences about past lifestyles from modern foraging societies?
Because foraging societies keep evolving just like every other society
When a woman from the _________ gets married, moves to her husband's kinship group, and her family receives a ______.
Bride price
What is the method used by anthropologists to understand where another culture is coming from?
Cultural relativism
A dispersed group living outside their original homeland
Diaspora population
Humans are sexually dimorphic
Different size and appearance
Dowry
Economic
Rules for marrying inside your group
Endogamy
The tendency to judge other cultures without trying to grasp the reasons behind their customs is _______.
Ethnocentrism
A dialect is a completely different language
False
A pidgin is a fully developed language
False
Anilineal descent is only related to the mother's side
False
Cultural traditions that extend beyond national boundaries are known as subcultures
False
Growing crops of all kinds with relatively simple tools is known as foraging
False
Humans never use nonverbal communication
False
The first domestic animal was the goat
False
Understanding a culture based on the outsider point of view is known as emic
False
Most archaeologists believe that the __________ was one of the earliest centers of plant and animal domestication
Fertile Crescent
Complex foraging involves hunting, gathering, and _____.
Fishing
Modern industrial societies are noted for having this acces to economic resources and prestige.
Fla
What type of subsistence strategy has been practice at one time in almost all areas of the earth?
Foraging
The origins of ethnic stereotypes and prejudices usually follow from
Historical and political events
Understanding human culture from the broadest possible perspective is _________.
Holism
How does isolation impact languages?
It brings about divergence
Which is not a building block of language?
Kwashiorkor
When populations first turned to agriculture, ______.
People experienced more diseases
The study of sounds is
Phonology
Polygyny and Polyandry are
Polygamist
Where is pastoralism seen?
Small, highly mobile groups
Ideas of race are often associated with
Social inequality
How have racial barriers changed in the US
Some barriers have been lifted but the color line hasn't disappeared
How does overdependence on a few staple foods increase the risk of famine?
The fewer the staple crops, the worse it gets if there is a crop failure
The person who has the most authority in the matrilineal society
The mother's brother
Why is race not a scientifically useful category
There is no distinct set of physical features that clearly define races.
What is not the result of the rise of food production
There was not an improvement in people's health overall
Which of the following is a characteristic of foraging societies?
They are small group-sized consisting of related families
What is the major cause of the disappearance of native languages?
They aren't being taught to children anymore
Non-agricultural commercial production is when a self-sufficient society comes to depend more on _____ to obtain goods
Trade
A change in weather patterns was probably a factor that switched from foraging to agriculture.
True
A slash and burn is also known as swidden
True
Agriculture created more social inequality
True
Arthritis became more evident after agriculture was introduced
True
If you live in an avunculocal residence you are living near the husband's mother's brother
True
In a physical environment normally exercises from a restraining, rather than determining, influence
True
In complex political system the state will often take over roles as kin groups
True
Incest taboos are culturally universal
True
Languages can die
True
Marriage is often a political or economic transaction
True
Often social status impacts speech patterns
True
One reason for sexuality restrictedness is to control population size
True
Overall agriculture happened in many parts of the world
True
People with more economic and political power defined what counts as standard language.
True
Reciprocity consists of giving and taking without money.
True
Sociolinguistics is concerned with the ethnography of speaking
True
State formation led to more social stratification
True
The pre-agricultural diet was mostly herbivorous
True
The process by which a child learns his or her culture is called enculturation
True
There are three main forms of marriage: monogamy, polygyny, and polyandry
True
Warfare is almost exclusively a male activity
True
When a mother speaks to her child in French and the child responds in English this is an example of code-switching
True
Native American third genders are known as _______
Two-Spirits
Gender stratifications if more prevalent in _______ societies
complex
Redistribution
consists of giving and taking without the use of money
Balance reciprocity
explicit expectation of immediate return
Negative reciprocity
give something up you might not want to
Generalized reciprocity
giving and receiving goods with no immediate or specific return expected
Although gorillas and chimpanzees appear to have the capacity for symbolic communication, human language is a unique communication system because __________.
humans have an infinite way of communicating
What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?
language is a force that affects how individuals perceive and conceive reality
Ethnicity involves a group of people emphasizing a share of _________
language, history, and culture
Market exchange
prices depend on supply and demand
Potlatch is a form of
redistribution
Racial classifications are
social and cultural categories
What is racism?
the belief that some races are inferior to others