ANT 101 Study Guide - Test 2 Review (Final Exam)

What's the difference between a lineage and a clan?

A lineage has a known common ancestor but a clan cannot specify

The process of cultural change known as ____ describes the situation in which subordinate society adopts cultural trades or technologies through contact with a more powerful society either through force or due to perceived economic or social advantages

Acculturation

What is student?

Achieved status

Caste is a form of

Ascribed status (what you are born into)

What kind of reciprocity did we see in Onka

Balanced reciprocity

Why do we have to be careful about drawing inferences about past lifestyles from modern foraging societies?

Because foraging societies keep evolving just like every other society

When a woman from the _________ gets married, moves to her husband's kinship group, and her family receives a ______.

Bride price

What is the method used by anthropologists to understand where another culture is coming from?

Cultural relativism

A dispersed group living outside their original homeland

Diaspora population

Humans are sexually dimorphic

Different size and appearance

Dowry

Economic

Rules for marrying inside your group

Endogamy

The tendency to judge other cultures without trying to grasp the reasons behind their customs is _______.

Ethnocentrism

A dialect is a completely different language

False

A pidgin is a fully developed language

False

Anilineal descent is only related to the mother's side

False

Cultural traditions that extend beyond national boundaries are known as subcultures

False

Growing crops of all kinds with relatively simple tools is known as foraging

False

Humans never use nonverbal communication

False

The first domestic animal was the goat

False

Understanding a culture based on the outsider point of view is known as emic

False

Most archaeologists believe that the __________ was one of the earliest centers of plant and animal domestication

Fertile Crescent

Complex foraging involves hunting, gathering, and _____.

Fishing

Modern industrial societies are noted for having this acces to economic resources and prestige.

Fla

What type of subsistence strategy has been practice at one time in almost all areas of the earth?

Foraging

The origins of ethnic stereotypes and prejudices usually follow from

Historical and political events

Understanding human culture from the broadest possible perspective is _________.

Holism

How does isolation impact languages?

It brings about divergence

Which is not a building block of language?

Kwashiorkor

When populations first turned to agriculture, ______.

People experienced more diseases

The study of sounds is

Phonology

Polygyny and Polyandry are

Polygamist

Where is pastoralism seen?

Small, highly mobile groups

Ideas of race are often associated with

Social inequality

How have racial barriers changed in the US

Some barriers have been lifted but the color line hasn't disappeared

How does overdependence on a few staple foods increase the risk of famine?

The fewer the staple crops, the worse it gets if there is a crop failure

The person who has the most authority in the matrilineal society

The mother's brother

Why is race not a scientifically useful category

There is no distinct set of physical features that clearly define races.

What is not the result of the rise of food production

There was not an improvement in people's health overall

Which of the following is a characteristic of foraging societies?

They are small group-sized consisting of related families

What is the major cause of the disappearance of native languages?

They aren't being taught to children anymore

Non-agricultural commercial production is when a self-sufficient society comes to depend more on _____ to obtain goods

Trade

A change in weather patterns was probably a factor that switched from foraging to agriculture.

True

A slash and burn is also known as swidden

True

Agriculture created more social inequality

True

Arthritis became more evident after agriculture was introduced

True

If you live in an avunculocal residence you are living near the husband's mother's brother

True

In a physical environment normally exercises from a restraining, rather than determining, influence

True

In complex political system the state will often take over roles as kin groups

True

Incest taboos are culturally universal

True

Languages can die

True

Marriage is often a political or economic transaction

True

Often social status impacts speech patterns

True

One reason for sexuality restrictedness is to control population size

True

Overall agriculture happened in many parts of the world

True

People with more economic and political power defined what counts as standard language.

True

Reciprocity consists of giving and taking without money.

True

Sociolinguistics is concerned with the ethnography of speaking

True

State formation led to more social stratification

True

The pre-agricultural diet was mostly herbivorous

True

The process by which a child learns his or her culture is called enculturation

True

There are three main forms of marriage: monogamy, polygyny, and polyandry

True

Warfare is almost exclusively a male activity

True

When a mother speaks to her child in French and the child responds in English this is an example of code-switching

True

Native American third genders are known as _______

Two-Spirits

Gender stratifications if more prevalent in _______ societies

complex

Redistribution

consists of giving and taking without the use of money

Balance reciprocity

explicit expectation of immediate return

Negative reciprocity

give something up you might not want to

Generalized reciprocity

giving and receiving goods with no immediate or specific return expected

Although gorillas and chimpanzees appear to have the capacity for symbolic communication, human language is a unique communication system because __________.

humans have an infinite way of communicating

What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?

language is a force that affects how individuals perceive and conceive reality

Ethnicity involves a group of people emphasizing a share of _________

language, history, and culture

Market exchange

prices depend on supply and demand

Potlatch is a form of

redistribution

Racial classifications are

social and cultural categories

What is racism?

the belief that some races are inferior to others