ANT 3158 Florida Archaeology
According to the mini-lecture, mtDNA from those buried in Windover show a strong genetic relation to living groups.
False
Many archaeologists, such as Wallis, argue that rituals be studied as a typology rather than as a process? (hint: see Article #12 from Wallis/Randall)
False
This organization was formed to promote and facilitate the conservation, study, and public understanding of Florida's archaeological heritage through regional centers throughout the state. (spelling counts; acronym is acceptable)
Florida Public Archaeology Network
Fort Walton Culture
Fort Walton culture is now defined within the geographical area stretching from the Aucilla River in the east to a Pensacola-Fort Walton transitional area around Choctawhatchee Bay in the west and north into the interior of south Alabama and Georgia.
Capital of Fort Walton culture
Ft Jackson
According to the mini-lecture, this mound contained the burials of 16 (likely) related females and was abandoned after 1250AD. (spelling counts)
Henderson Mound
Historical Resources
-History of previous designs is a good start to research. -From exisitng products, it is possible to analyse application and effectiveness of design elements, principles, meddia and materials over time.
America's concern with cultural resources was reflected early in the 20th century with passage of the American Antiquities Act of ______, which authorized the president to establish national monuments of federally owned or controlled properties.
1906
According to the mini-lecture, how many mound/village complexes existed in the Tampa area from 900-1725AD? (answer is a number; write the number only) 20
20
According to the mini-lecture, in Florida a location is called an "archaeological site" when ___ or more artifacts are found in a 1 by 1 meter area.
3
Contract archaeologists make up ____% of all archaeologists in the US today
40
Historical Archaeology
A specialty within archaeology that studies the material remains of recent peoples who left written records.
The Precolumbian portion of the Alachua culture can be divided into two main periods: the Hickory Pond period and the Alachua period. What time frames below accurately depict the duration of these periods, respectively?
A.D. 600-1250; A.D. 1250-1539
What was the overwhelming subsistence species of choice for coastal Deptford populations?
American Oyster
Pleistocene Epoch
An epoch of the Quaternary period beginning about 1.8 million years ago and ending about 10,000 years ago. Best known as a time of extensive continental glaciation.
kill sites
Any archaeological site that was primarily used for killing and butchering animals. It is recognized by its distinctive location, tools assemblages, or animal bone evidence. Exp Little Salt Springs
Northwest Florida has been found to be an archaeologically rich region of the state, with ample evidence of pre-Columbian culture. What are the names of the two cultures in this region that have been continually investigated by Florida archaeologists?
Apalachee and Timucua
What type of tool is the image?
Awl
Which of the following is NOT a name of one of the archaeological sites within the Alachua and Suwannee Valley region?
Blue Springs
*See the assigned "Submerged Paleoindian and Archaic sites of the Big Bend, Florida" article Go to Figure 10 (page 287), which stratigraphic layer contains the most mastadon bone and teeth? (using the law of superposition, consider the bones that are split between the layer boundary as part of the layer below)
Blue-Green-Gray Sandy Silt
Human interments from Pensacola cultural sites exhibit few of the dental __________ associated with maize-consuming populations.
Caries
___________________ is identified as cultural heritage management within a framework of federal, state, and local laws, regulations, and guidelines. (spelling counts; acronym is acceptable)
Cultural Resource Management
Base Camps
Exp: Harney Flats , diverse tool assemblage
Short term camps
Exp: Silver Springs lithic scatters
According to the mini-lecture, maize is much more prevalent at Fort Walton sites compared to Late Weeden Island, indicating increased importance.
True
According to the mini-lecture, the wooden paddles used to create the Swift Creek Complicated Paddle Stamped pottery have never been found.
True
As sea levels rose following the end of the Pleistocene, large expanses of coastal lands were inundated, resulting in the reduction of Florida's landmass by nearly half.
True
Since the 1980s, there has been an increased emphasis on interdisciplinary research employed in archaeology in Florida.
True
Wallis suggests that the check-stamped sherds pottery sherds at Chattahoochee Landing should not be given a new type-variety classification scheme, but rather 'lumped' together with an already existing taxonomy. (hint: see Article #11 from Wallis/Randall)
True
When an animal eats a certain type of grass or plant they will exhibit an isotopic value in their bones or teeth that is representative of that particular type of grass or plant.
True
What Safety Harbor town was described by a member of the 1539 Hernando de Soto expedition?
Uzita
A partial skeleton of a Bison antiquus, an extinct species of bison, was found in the __________ River with a broken projectile point still lodged in its skull.
Wacissa
During the early Archaic period, most of Florida was typified by these species of plants, inluding scrub oaks, pine, open grassy prairies, and savannas most common.
Xerophytic
The Fort Walton culture
flourished in Florida from approximately 1200 to 1500 CE and is associated with the historic Apalachee people. The peoples of the Ft. Walton culture used mostly sand, grit, grog, or combinations of these materials as tempering agents in their pottery, whereas the Pensacola culture peoples used the more typical Mississippian culture shell tempering for their pottery.
92% of paleoindian bifaces
found in Karstic areas, also chert sources
Karstic terrain
geological formation caused by rainwater dissolving limestone and leaving very rough land topography (most watering holes in Florida found in Karstic terrain )
According to the Introduction in the Wallis/Randall text, what is the principal defining feature of a monument?
its scale and elaboration exceed practical function
Ft Walton pottery differs from other Mississippian pottery
low frequency of shell tempered pottery (only exception is Pensacola culture)
Alachau people
may have
According to the mini-lecture, Florida clays are often of poor quality because they contain ______________, which are small mineral crystal particles. (spelling counts)
montmorillonite
Which of the stable isotopes are indicative of habitation of an extremely arid environment through enriched values (eg., Badger Hole site)?
nitrogen
Which stable isotope is most often investigated as an indicator of environment?
oxygen
Food remains in west-peninsular Florida provide evidence for: (hint: see Article #4 from Wallis/Randall)
patron-role feasting
waller knife
quickly made knife
The Thomas Mound provides an example of: (hint: see Article #4 from Wallis/Randall)
reuse of mounds by Native Americans as post-contact burial grounds
Warm Mineral Springs
shell and bone tools , altalt
Small band
social organizations consisted of 5 to 80 people small family groups who convined to exchange mates and maintain alliances
Historical Archaeology
the study of archaeological sites associated with written records, frequently the study of post-European contact sites in the world
The Pensacola culture
used the more typical Mississippian culture shell tempering for their pottery.
Burial mounds may have reinforced local memories about: (hint: see Article #7 from Wallis/Randall)
vulnerability to rising sea levels
The Pensacola culture
was a regional variation of the Mississippian culture along the Gulf Coast of the United States that lasted from 1100 to 1700 CE. The archaeological culture covers an area stretching from a transitional Pensacola/Fort Walton culture zone at Choctawhatchee Bay in Florida to the eastern side of the Mississippi River Delta near Biloxi, Mississippi.
Wilfred T Neill
watering holes crucial to early settlements. Oasis theory
Little Salt Springs
wooden stakes (possible thru giant tortoise ) wooden boomerang, wooden mortar
Origins of Fort Walton Culture
Increase check stamping (ca. AD 750) Decline of complicated stamping, punctuated, incised, and effigy vessels Maize agriculture became widespread MOre Ft Walton Sites compared to Weeden Island sites Arraigned by hierarchy , more developed political structure
When looking at craft production, design homogeneity _________ the likelihood of specialization of socially valued goods. (hint: see Article #9 from Wallis/Randall)
Increases
What is the largest major mound-village center associated with the Fort Walton culture?
Lake Jackson
Alachua culture
Late Woodland 600 - 1700 AD Alachua, Putnam, and Marion counties Preceded by Cades Pond culture Large Middens (little freshwater shell) pottery, bone tools, lithics Good Soils
There are many ceramic features that kept from one period to the next. Fort Walton shared its feature of _________ with other Mississippian cultures, but uniquely featured very low amounts of ________. (hint: see Article #11 from Wallis/Randall)
Maize agriculture; chipped-stone tools
Once collagen is extracted, it is prepared and weighed for analysis in _______ _________ (2 words, spelling counts!) (hint: name of a machine)
Mass Spectrometer
The earliest ceramics in Florida were distinctive in comparison to other neighboring regions, utilizing ________ as temper.
Plant Fibers
Oasis Theory
Proposed by Gordon Childe, dry climate forced people & animals to concentrate where water is located.
Which of the follow is NOT one of the archaeological identifiers of feasting. (hint: see Article #12 from Wallis/Randall)
Smaller animal portions
Time Periods
Paleoindian (ca 12,000 BC to 9,500 BC ) Archaic ( ca. 9,500 BC to 1,000 BC ) Woodland ( ca. 1,000 BC to AD 900 ) Mississippian ( AD 900 to 1500 )
Earliest pottery production in North America dates to 2500 BC
Montmorillonite in clay
According to the mini-lecture, which region of Florida provides the best evidence of the first Americans (including a stone knife from around 14,500ya)? (two word response; spelling counts)
North Florida
According to the mini-lecture, this archaeological site was found deep in a sinkhole in the bed of the Aucilla River and contained animal bones, human-related artifacts, and what is believed to be the dung or poo of a mastodon. (spelling counts)
Page Ladson Site
Underwater Archaeology
The study of archaeological sites under water using special excavation methods, although the objectives of the research are similar to those for sites on land.
The Safety Harbor culture
an archaeological culture living on the central Gulf coast of the Florida peninsula, from about 900 until after 1700. The Safety Harbor culture is defined by the presence of Safety Harbor ceramics in burial mounds and is named after the Safety Harbor Site,
What was associated with the onset of St. Johns pottery production? (hint: see Article #1 from Wallis/Randall)
changed ritual activity
___________________ is identified as cultural heritage management within a framework of federal, state, and local laws, regulations, and guidelines. (spelling counts; acronym is acceptable)
cultural resource managment
Page-Ladson Site
deep sink hole , bone tools, mega fauna, poke weed,