ANT2410 Exam 5
What is the commonly stated goal for most development projects? a) increased equity b) cultural assimilation c) greater socioeconomic stratification d) decreased local autonomy e) ethnocide
a) increased equity
Which of the following is NOT true of postmodernism?
a) it has a clear and functinal design or structure
Development projects should aim to accomplish all of the following EXCEPT a) promoting change, but not overinnovation. b) developing strategies with little input from the local communities. c) drawing models of development from indigenous practices. d) respecting local traditions. e) preserving local systems while working to make them better.
a) promoting change, but not overinnovation.
Which of the following was observed in the Bahia, Brazil, development project described in the Kottak book in which sailboat owners got loans to buy motors, as described in this chapter? a) The price of power fishing vessels decreased. b) Ambitious young men increasingly sought wage labor. c) There was an increase in commercial sailboat ownership. d) The fishing community became more egalitarian. e) Individual initiative was rewarded, and the fishing industry grew.
b) Ambitious young men increasingly sought wage labor.
What is the name of the Brazilian danceplay that reenacts the Portuguese discovery of Brazil? a) Dia do Descobrimento b) Chegança c) Arembepeiros d) Carnaval e) Parantíns
b) Chegança
Which of the following is true about applied anthropology? a) There is no difference between applied anthropology and political advocacy. b) There is no difference between applied anthropology and social work. c) Applied anthropologists typically tell communities what anthropological theory says should be their needs. d) Applied anthropologists typically work with communities to understand their needs. e) All answers are correct.
d) Applied anthropologists typically work with communities to understand their needs.
The Malagasy development program described in this chapter illustrates the importance of a) the local government's ability to improve the lives of its citizens, when committed to doing so. b) breaking down corporate descent groups, which are too independent and interfere with development. c) replacing outdated traditional techniques of irrigation with more modern ones. d) the top-down strategies developed by the UN. e) replacing subsistence farming with a viable cash crop.
a) the local government's ability to improve the lives of its citizens, when committed to doing so.
Which of the following illustrates some of the dangers of the old applied anthropology?
anthropologists aiding colonial expansion by providing ethnographic information to colonists
________ refers to the changes that result when groups come into continuous firsthand contact. a) Enculturation b) Acculturation c) Colonialism d) Diffusion e) Hegemony
b) Acculturation
Which of the following is considered a property of language? a) Displacement - language makes it possible to communicate about people and things that are not present. b) All answers are correct. c) Arbitrariness - the meaning of an individual word is arbitrary d) Productivity - a finite number of words can be combined into an infinite number of sentences. e) Discreteness - discrete elements can be recombined in novel ways.
b) All answers are correct.
________ refers to the rapid spread or advance of one culture at the expense of others, or its imposition on other cultures. a) Cultural imperialism b) Diasporation c) Colonialism d) Conquest e) Symbolic domination
a) Cultural imperialism
As we see in the Prezi "This is Anthropology," the University of South Florida graduate students a) Disagreed strongly with then-Florida Gov. Rick Scott's depictions of anthropologists and showed how useful anthropology can be. b) Agreed with then-Florida Gov. Rick Scott's depictions of anthropologists and changed their majors. c) Disagreed strongly with then-Florida Gov. Rick Scott's depictions of anthropologists but did nothing in response. d) No answers are correct. e) Disagreed strongly with then-Florida Gov. Rick Scott's depictions of anthropologists but still changed their majors.
a) Disagreed strongly with then-Florida Gov. Rick Scott's depictions of anthropologists and showed how useful anthropology can be.
Social movements worldwide have adopted which term as a self-identifying label based on past oppression but now legitimizing a search for social, cultural, and political rights? a) Indigenous people b) Freedom Fighter c) Indio d) Autochthon e) Mestizo
a) Indigenous people
Why is ethnography one of the most valuable and distinctive tools of the applied anthropologist? a) It provides a firsthand account of the day-to-day issues and challenges that the members of a given community face, as well as a sense of how those people think about and react to these issues. b) It is among the most economical and time-efficient tools that exist in the social sciences. c) It produces a statistically unbiased summary of human responses to set stimuli. d) It is valuable insider's data that can be routinely sold to multinational corporations and state agencies without the consent of the people studied. e) It can be produced without leaving the comfort of the anthropologist's office.
a) It provides a firsthand account of the day-to-day issues and challenges that the members of a given community face, as well as a sense of how those people think about and react to these issues.
How does acculturation differ from diffusion, or cultural borrowing? a) It requires firsthand contact. b) It can occur when two nonindustrial societies come into contact. c) It only affects one of the two groups. d) It affects both groups equally. e) It can occur without firsthand contact.
a) It requires firsthand contact.
Which of the following statements about sociolinguists is NOT true? a)They are more interested in the rules that govern language than the actual use of language in everyday life. b) They focus on surface structure. c) They look at society and at language. d) They are concerned more with performance than with competence. e) They are concerned with linguistic change.
a) They are more interested in the rules that govern language than the actual use of language in everyday life.
Which of the following best describes scientific medicine? a) a health care system that relies on advances in technology b) the beliefs, customs, and specialists concerned with curing illness c) the availability of free or low-cost health care for all d) the practice of medicine in particular Western nations e) a tendency to overprescribe drugs and surgeries
a) a health care system that relies on advances in technology
Because our planet's climate is always changing, the key question becomes: How much of global warming is caused by human activities versus natural climate variability? On this issue, most scientists agree that the causes are mainly a) anthropogenic. b) indigenized. c) moral. d) ecological. e) evolutionary.
a) anthropogenic.
One aspect of linguistic history is language loss. When a language disappears, a) cultural diversity is reduced as well. b) humanity is that much closer to global integration. c) so does pride in one's heritage. d) less strain is put on the educational system, because it has less language diversity to deal with. e) historical linguists have confirmation that language is also a victim of evolutionary forces.
a) cultural diversity is reduced as well.
Which of the following is NOT a feature of urban life? a) dispersed settlements b) social heterogeneity c) geographic mobility d) economic differentiation e) high population density
a) dispersed settlements
All of the following are examples of key forces in modern global culture EXCEPT a) essentialism. b) the media. c) commerce. d) finance. e) production.
a) essentialism.
Recall the account in the Kottak book on how McDonald's was able to succeed in the Brazilian market once it adapted to preexisting Brazilian cultural patterns. This example illustrates a) how the axiom of applied anthropology that innovation succeeds best when it is culturally appropriate applies not just to development projects but also to businesses, such as fast food. b) applied anthropology's capacity to help foreign markets adapt to a marketing strategy that must, above all costs, maintain the integrity of its brand. c) Brazilians' intolerance of foreign goods, because the companies that produce them disregard Brazilian tastes. d) the danger of applied anthropology turning itself into a tool of capitalist interests, which always disregard the culture and well-being of the consumer. e) how the axiom of applied anthropology that innovation succeeds best when it is culturally appropriate applies only in Western cultures.
a) how the axiom of applied anthropology that innovation succeeds best when it is culturally appropriate applies not just to development projects but also to businesses, such as fast food.
Which of the following is NOT one of the key points of the American Anthropological Association's "Statement on Humanity and Climate Change?" a) Consumerism and reliance on fossil fuels are the two key factors influencing climate change. b) Climate change should be addressed exclusively at the international and national levels. c) Human action is the cause of the environmental changes that have taken place during the last 100 years. d) Most of those affected will be people living on coasts, in island nations, and in high-latitude, and high-altitude areas. e) Climate change will exacerbate the spread of infectious disease.
b) Climate change should be addressed exclusively at the international and national levels.
________ describes the process of viewing an identity as established, real, and frozen, so as to hide the historical processes and politics within which that identity developed. a) Marketing b) Essentialism c) Autochthony d) Patrimony e) Fluidity
b) Essentialism
As we see in the film "Pidgin: The Voice of Hawai'i," youth and college-age speakers of pidgin a) Are embarrassed of speaking pidgin with each other. b) No answers are correct. c) Do not have a command of standard English and so they must speak pidgin. d) Never use pidgin to speak with each other when they visit the mainland. e) Are unable to communicate complex thoughts in pidgin.
b) No answers are correct.
The film "Beyond Ethnography: Corporate and Design Anthropology" is about anthropologists working in what industry? a) Leisure and tourism. b) No answers are correct. c) Pharmaceuticals. d) Construction. e) Cosmetics
b) No answers are correct.
As we see in the film "Pidgin: The Voice of Hawai'i," what is the relationship between speaking pidgin and native Hawaiian identity? a) Native Hawaiians were always encouraged to speak the Hawaiian language and so they never spoke pidgin. b) The relationship between speaking pidgin and native Hawaiian identity has changed over the years as the Hawaiian language has been revitalized. c) Speaking pidgin was used to exclude native Hawaiians and speak about them behind their backs. d) All answers are correct. e) Native Hawaiians have always refused to speak pidgin.
b) The relationship between speaking pidgin and native Hawaiian identity has changed over the years as the Hawaiian language has been revitalized.
The lexicon of a language is a) the set of rules that govern the written but not spoken language. b) a dictionary containing all of its morphemes and their meanings. c) the range of speech sounds. d) its degree of complexity. e) its symbolic and poetic value.
b) a dictionary containing all of its morphemes and their meanings.
Unlike indigenous peoples, the term ________ highlights the prominence that the exclusion of strangers has assumed in day-to-day politics worldwide and has been claimed by majority groups in Europe. a) freedom fighter b) autochthony c) mestizo d) Euroindio e) indigenous people
b) autochthony
Research on the communication skills of nonhuman primates reveals their inability to refer to objects that are not immediately present in their environment, such as food and danger. The ability to describe things and events that are not present is called a) phonology. b) displacement. c) linguistic imagination. d) productivity. e) cultural transmission.
b) displacement.
What type of term is used to convey or imply a status difference between the speaker and the person being referred to or addressed? a) linguistic relational b) honorifics c) style shifts d) formal addresses, but sociolinguists rarely pay attention to them, because their use in a social situation is always a result of linguistic exploitation e) diglossia
b) honorifics
Language and communication involve much more than just verbal speech. The study of communication through body movements, stances, gestures, and facial expressions is known as a) diglossia. b) kinesics. c) linguistic physiology. d) biosemantics. e) protolinguistics.
b) kinesics.
One of the stated goals of public anthropology is to a) refrain from discussion of social issues in the media. b) oppose policies that promote injustice. c) restrict the publication of research papers to professional journals. d) promote anthropology as a career, especially to minorities. e) encourage academic anthropologists to become applied anthropologists.
b) oppose policies that promote injustice.
People are usually willing to change just enough to maintain, or slightly improve on, what they already have. For this reason, development projects are most likely to succeed when they avoid the fallacy of a) ethno-bias. b) overinnovation. c) underdifferentiation. d) intervention philosophy. e) cultural relativism.
b) overinnovation
All of the following are proper roles for applied anthropologists EXCEPT a) identifying the needs for change that local people perceive. b) placing the cultural values of local people above all others' cultural values. c) working as participant observers, taking part in the events they study in order to understand local thought and behavior. d) working with people to design culturally appropriate and socially sensitive change. e) protecting local people from harmful policies and projects that might threaten them.
b) placing the cultural values of local people above all others' cultural values.
What is the term for the ability to create new expressions by combining other expressions? a) displacement b) productivity c) diglossia d) phonemic utility e) morphemic utility
b) productivity
Romance languages like French and Spanish are daughter languages of Latin, which is their common a) diglossia. b) protolanguage. c) call system. d) syntax. e) focal vocabulary.
b) protolanguage.
What is an example of what Bourdieu calls symbolic domination in the context of language use? a) in an egalitarian society, the promotion of linguistic diversity b) the fact that in a stratified society, even people who do not speak the prestige dialect tend to accept it as standard or superior c) Chomsky's insistence that the universal grammar defines all culture d) focal vocabulary contrasts among groups e) pride in one's linguistic heritage, regardless of what the majority thinks
b) the fact that in a stratified society, even people who do not speak the prestige dialect tend to accept it as standard or superior
Deforestation is a global concern. Forest loss can lead to increased greenhouse gas production, which contributes to global warming. The destruction of tropical forests is also a major factor in the loss of global biodiversity. The global scenarios of deforestation include all of the following EXCEPT a) urban expansion. b) the intensification of foraging lifestyles among communities that have retreated from the chaos of modern life. c) demographic pressure on subsistence economies. d) cash cropping. e) commercial logging and road building.
b) the intensification of foraging lifestyles among communities that have retreated from the chaos of modern life.
Applied anthropology is a) the term used for all anthropological research programs. b) the use of anthropological data, perspectives, theory, and methods to identify, assess, and solve contemporary problems. c) rarely possible, as anthropological studies are not practical in the "real world." d) not guided by anthropological theory. e) the purely academic dimension of anthropology.
b) the use of anthropological data, perspectives, theory, and methods to identify, assess, and solve contemporary problems.
As we see in the film "Beyond Ethnography: Corporate and Design Anthropology," a) Corporate anthropologists usually don't have to explain what anthropology is and what kinds of investigations anthropologists can do to corporate management. b) Corporate anthropologists are usually not trained in anthropology but drawn from other sectors of the corporate workforce. c) Corporate anthropologists often cooperate with academic anthropologists. d) All answers are correct. e) Corporate anthropologists never cooperate with academic anthropologists.
c) Corporate anthropologists often cooperate with academic anthropologists.
Which of the following is NOT an applied anthropological project on which your professor has worked? a) Teaching anthropology. b) Conducting research on the planning for and recovery from disasters. c) Design anthropology at General Motors. d) Urban renewal projects and neighborhood planning. e) Studying the uses of the pirate image and the Gasparilla Festival in making a museum in Tampa.
c) Design anthropology at General Motors.
Which of the following statements is true of your professor's research in the Caribbean? a) He shows how women's wages are equal to men's in world market factories. b) No answers are correct. c) He shows how women are favored as workers in many world market factories. d) He shows how wages in Caribbean factories are in line with those in the United States. e) He shows how women are hardly ever hired as workers in many world market factories.
c) He shows how women are favored as workers in many world market factories.
Which of the following is a reason that the Madagascar project to increase rice production was successful? a) There is a clear fit between capitalist development schemes and corporate descent-group social organization. b) The elites and the lower class were of different origins and thus had no strong connections through kinship, descent, or marriage. c) Malagasy leaders were of "the people" and were therefore prepared to follow the descent-group ethic of pooling resources for the good of the group as a whole. d) The educated members of Malagasy society are those who have struggled to fend for themselves and therefore brought an innovative kind of independence to the project. e) The project took into account the inevitability of native forms of social organization breaking down into nuclear family organization, impersonality, and alienation.
c) Malagasy leaders were of "the people" and were therefore prepared to follow the descent-group ethic of pooling resources for the good of the group as a whole.
What is a disease? a) a consequence of a foraging lifestyle b) an artificial product of biomedicine c) a scientifically identified health threat d) a health problem as it is experienced by the one affected e) an unnatural state of health
c) a scientifically identified health threat
What term refers to the existence of "high" and "low" dialects within a single language? a) kinesics b) displacement c) diglossia d) semantics e) lexicon
c) diglossia
Today's ecological anthropology, also known as environmental anthropology, attempts not only to understand environmental problems but also to a) promote the concepts of environmental rights, even at the expense of cultural rights. b)contribute to development projects that sometimes, out of necessity, replace indigenous institutions with culturally alien concepts. c) find solutions, acknowledging that ecosystems management involves multiple levels. d) prescribe top-down solutions to ecological problems. e) work closely with state agencies, among whom they do most of their ethnography, to promote institutional change.
c) find solutions, acknowledging that ecosystems management involves multiple levels.
In Spanish-speaking Latin America, social scientists and politicians favor which term over indio (Indian), the colonial term that the Spanish and Portuguese conquerors used to refer to the native inhabitants of the Americas? a) citizen b) cultural patrimony c) indígena (indigenous person) d) civilian e) autochthon
c) indígena (indigenous person)
Which is the single greatest obstacle to slowing climate change? a) the growing population of the poorer nations in the world b) having scientists decide on a definition of climate change c) meeting energy needs, particularly in energy-hungry countries such as the United States, China, and India d) proper climatic changes e) a lack of data portraying the effects of climate change
c) meeting energy needs, particularly in energy-hungry countries such as the United States, China, and India
Just as in other areas of anthropology, the study of language involves investigating what is or isn't shared across human populations and why these differences or similarities exist. The linguist Noam Chomsky has argued that the human brain contains a limited set of rules for organizing language, so that all languages have a common structural basis. He calls this set of rules a) the evolutionary linguistic imprint. b) a global mental map. c) the universal grammar. d) linguistic structuralism. e) generalities.
c) the universal grammar.
To Arjun Appadurai (1990), "________" describes the linkages in the modern world that have both enlarged and erased old boundaries and distinctions. a) territorial b) essentialized c) translocal d) postmodern e) ethnocentric
c) translocal
As we see in the film "Beyond Ethnography: Corporate and Design Anthropology," how does the anthropology depicted in the film differ from what might be considered traditional or typical anthropological research? a) It involves anthropologists being hired by a major multinational corporation. b) It involves anthropologists working with people trained in other academic disciplines. c) It involves anthropologists working with consumers to improve products. d) All answers are correct. e) It involves anthropologists working with workers to improve their conditions of work.
d) All answers are correct.
As we see in the film "Pidgin: The Voice of Hawai'i," how is speech related to wider social and cultural issues? a) Certain kinds of speech are stigmatized. b) Certain kinds of speech are related to socio-economic class. c) Certain kinds of speech are validated. d) All answers are correct. e) Certain kinds of speech are related to ethnic identity.
d) All answers are correct.
Why is language so important for the learning of culture? a) Language allows us to talk about the past, present, and future. b) Language allows us to communicate abstract ideas. c) Without language it would be difficult for children to learn. d) All answers are correct. e) Language conveys meaning.
d) All answers are correct.
Which of the following statements is true of your professor's research in Miami? a) He shows how the construction of highways through the Overtown section of the city led to a boom in business in the neighborhood where many residents were able to benefit. b) He shows how the City of Miami's redevelopment plans were mainly occupied with providing affordable housing for those residents already living in Overtown. c) No answers are correct. d) He shows how the construction of highways through the Overtown section of the city led to the destruction of the neighborhood and the displacement and further impoverishment of its residents. e) He shows how the City of Miami's redevelopment plans made the Overtown neighborhood an example of successful urban redevelopment.
d) He shows how the construction of highways through the Overtown section of the city led to the destruction of the neighborhood and the displacement and further impoverishment of its residents.
This is a sequence of sounds that carries meaning, that is, words and their meaningful parts: a) Phonemes b) Lexicon c) No answers are correct. d) Morphemes e) Syntax
d) Morphemes
________ refers to the blurring and breakdown of established canons—rules, standards, categories, distinctions, and boundaries. a) Chaos b) Entropy c)Diaspora d) Postmodern e) Agoraphobia
d) Postmodern
In linguistics, what is "abstraction?" a) No answers are correct. b) The pidgin word from Hawai'i that young men use when they do lots of sit-ups and then compare each other's abdominal muscles ("abs"). c) The ability to paint a description with words that make the listeners feel they are there in the place described. d) The ability to think and communicate about things that are not really there or don't really exist. e) The sophisticated language of art critics, as seen in the lecture.
d) The ability to think and communicate about things that are not really there or don't really exist.
What is the difference between human speech and non-human animal communication? a) Teaching sign language to Koko the gorilla demonstrates that non-human animals can be taught as much language as humans possess. b) No answers are correct. c) While both humans and non-human animals can communicate, recent studies have shown that non-human animals are just as capable as humans of producing the same number, complexity, and sophistication of sounds, body movements, and gestures that make up language - but it's just that humans didn't realize this until recently. d) While both humans and non-human animals can communicate, only humans are capable of producing the number, complexity, and sophistication of sounds, body movements, and gestures that make up language. e) There is no difference if whales and chimpanzees can communicate with each other.
d) While both humans and non-human animals can communicate, only humans are capable of producing the number, complexity, and sophistication of sounds, body movements, and gestures that make up language.
Which of the following is NOT one of the possible consequences experienced after the "shock phase" of an encounter between indigenous societies and more powerful outsiders? a) damaged social support systems b) disrupted subsistence c) increased mortality d) a broad-spectrum revolution e) fragmentation of kin groups
d) a broad-spectrum revolution
Ethnographic study of the workplace a) is required of all organizations that want to become not-for-profit, according to the American Anthropological Association. b) is not very useful, because all workplaces are becoming increasingly homogeneous, compared to 20 years ago. c) provides evidence that economic factors are fundamental to understanding differential productivity. d) provides close observation of workers and managers in their natural setting. e) is routinely performed by employees of the U.S. federal government.
d) provides close observation of workers and managers in their natural setting.
Efforts to demonstrate the public policy relevance of anthropology are known as a) development anthropology. b) cultural resource management. c) ethnography. d) public anthropology. e) underdifferentiation.
d) public anthropology.
A sociolinguist studies a) cross-cultural comparisons of phonemic distinctions. b) the universal grammar of language. c) the interaction of history and sociology. d) speech in its social context. e) linguistic competence.
d) speech in its social context.
Which of the following is NOT a factor in the emergence and spread of dangerous infectious diseases like HIV/AIDS, Ebola, West Nile, SARS, Lyme disease, Zika, and Coronavirus COVID-19? a) population increase b) commercial expansion c) changing settlement patterns d) spillovers from humans to wildlife e) modern air travel
d) spillovers from humans to wildlife
What is the term for variations in speech due to different contexts or situations? a) Chomskian verbosity b) situational syntax c) contextual phonetics d) style shifting e) linguistic confusion
d) style shifting
What term refers to the arrangement and order of words into sentences? a) lexicon b) morphology c) phonology d) syntax e) grammar
d) syntax
The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon that keeps the earth's surface warm. Without greenhouse gases—water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, halocarbons, and ozone—life as we know it wouldn't exist. The current problem is that a) global warming actually benefits 90 percent of the world's population, so it is difficult to mobilize the will to address the anthropogenic causes of climate change. b) scientists cannot agree on a general model of how the greenhouse effect went from being a positive to a negative and a life-threatening force. c) most scientists dispute the anthropogenic reasoning for high concentrations of greenhouse gases. d) the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases has reached its highest level in 400,000 years and will continue to rise, as will global temperatures, without actions to slow it down. e) it is difficult to distinguish between climate change and global warming.
d) the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases has reached its highest level in 400,000 years and will continue to rise, as will global temperatures, without actions to slow it down.
What are phonemes? a) regional differences in dialect b) syntactical structures that distinguish passive constructions from active ones c) the rules by which deep structure is translated into surface structure d) the minimal sound contrasts that distinguish meaning in a language e) electromagnetic signals that carry messages between speakers in a telephone conversation
d) the minimal sound contrasts that distinguish meaning in a language
What is microenculturation? a) enculturation based on a focused interest; for example, reruns of a TV show like Star Trek b) the result of the meeting between foraging and tribal communities in less developed countries c) a condition that exists in large, industrialized states, wherein most of the population has only a small amount of real culture d) the process whereby particular roles are learned within a limited social system (for example, a business) e) the process whereby enculturation is accomplished through advanced media technology
d) the process whereby particular roles are learned within a limited social system (for example, a business)
Recent research on the origins of language suggests that a key mutation might have something to do with it. Comparing chimp and human genomes, it appears that a) chimps share with humans all the genetic propensities for language but lack the language-activation mutation b) speech-friendly mutation occurred among Neandertals in Europe and spread to other human populations through gene flow c) chimps lack the tongue-rolling gene that all humans have, which might explain why they struggle to achieve clear speech d) the speech-friendly form of the gene FOXP2 took hold in humans some 150,000 years ago e) the speech mutation occurred even before the hominin line split from the rest of the hominids.
d) the speech-friendly form of the gene FOXP2 took hold in humans some 150,000 years ago
What term refers to the tendency to view less developed countries as more alike than they are? a) ethnobias b) intervention philosophy c) cultural relativism d) underdifferentiation e) overinnovation
d) underdifferentiation
What is an illness? a) a nonexistent ailment (only "diseases" are real) b) an artificial product of biomedicine c) a scientifically described health threat d) a purely linguistic problem e) a condition of poor health percieved by the individual
e) a condition of poor health percieved by the individual
Cases of local communities using modern technology to preserve and revive their traditions a) are examples of hidden ethnocide. b) suggest that modern technology is always an agent of cultural imperialism. c) contradict Gramsci's theory of hegemony. d) are becoming increasingly rare, due to the ballooning cost of the technologies involved. e) are becoming more common.
e) are becoming more common.
What are the effects of globalization on language? a) The development of programs to prevent language loss. b) The increasing number of loan words in languages increases. c) A diminishment of the diversity of languages around the world. d) Some languages are being lost when coming into contact with more political powerful speakers of other languages. e) All answers are correct.
e) All answers are correct.
Which of the following is NOT true of your professor's applied anthropological research? a) Applied anthropological research must understand wider political forces such as government structures at various levels. b) Applied anthropologists often work with elite members of societies. c) Applied anthropologists often work with the marginalized and excluded sectors in societies. d) Applied anthropological research must understand wider economic forces such as globalization. e) Applied anthropological research on the effects of natural disasters has no point because humans have no role to play in those effects.
e) Applied anthropological research on the effects of natural disasters has no point because humans have no role to play in those effects.
As discussed in the text, what Caribbean people have been characterized as living "between two islands" (Grasmuck and Pessar 1991)? a) Cubans b) Jamaicans c) Puerto Ricans d) Trinidadians e) Dominicans
e) Dominicans
________ refers to the specialized set of terms and distinctions that are particularly important to certain groups. a) Syntactical vocabulary b) Vernacular vocabulary c) Spatial vocabulary d) Temporal vocabulary e) Focal vocabulary
e) Focal vocabulary
As we see in the film "Pidgin: The Voice of Hawai'i," what is a historical and social factor that led to the development of pidgin in Hawai'i? a) All answers are correct. b) Immigrant groups not having proper languages of their own and so they had to be taught by plantation owners. c) Immigrant groups working on plantations completely forgetting their native languages. d) Immigrant groups working on plantations not having the ability to adapt to new circumstances. e) Immigrant groups from many parts of the world working on plantations needing to communicate with each other.
e) Immigrant groups from many parts of the world working on plantations needing to communicate with each other.
Which of the following statements about chimpanzee call systems is NOT true? a) They consist of a limited number of sounds. b) They consist of sounds that vary in intensity and duration. c) Calls cannot be combined when multiple stimuli are present. d) They are stimuli dependent. e) Like language, they include displacement and cultural transmission.
e) Like language, they include displacement and cultural transmission.
This is the smallest unit of sound that speakers of a language recognize as distinct from other sounds: a) Morphemes b) No answers are correct. c) Syntax d) Lexicon e) Phonemes
e) Phonemes
As we see in the film "Pidgin: The Voice of Hawai'i," because pidgin is stigmatized a) No answers are correct. b) There are no groups trying to promote pidgin. c) Pidgin is dying on its own and so most Hawaiians feel there is no need to either prohibit or promote pidgin. d) There is widespread apathy - no one really cares about pidgin one way or another. e) There are groups trying to promote pidgin to improve the image of the language.
e) There are groups trying to promote pidgin to improve the image of the language.
Which of the following best illustrates urban applied anthropologists' ability to help social groups deal with urban institutions? a) analysis of differences between personalistic and naturalistic disease theories among the rural poor of the U.S. b) "culture at a distance" studies among Japanese and Germans in an attempt to predict the behavior of the enemies of the United States c) anthropological analysis of the relation between Malagasy descent groups and the state d) Kottak's comparative study of development projects from around the world e) Vigil's study of gang violence in the context of large-scale immigrant adaptation to U.S. cities
e) Vigil's study of gang violence in the context of large-scale immigrant adaptation to U.S. cities
Which of the following does NOT illustrate the kinds of work that applied anthropologists do? a) applying the tools of forensic anthropology to work with police, medical examiners, the courts, and international organizations to identify victims of crimes, accidents, wars, and terrorism b) working for or with international development agencies, such as the World Bank and the U.S. Agency for International Development c) helping the Environmental Protection Agency address environmental problems d) using the tools of medical anthropology to work as cultural interpreters in public health programs e) borrowing from fields such as history and sociology to broaden the scope of theoretical anthropology
e) borrowing from fields such as history and sociology to broaden the scope of theoretical anthropology
Words that clearly descend from the same ancestral word are known as a) daughters. b) homonyms. c) subgroups. d) synonyms. e) cognates.
e) cognates.
Sapir and Whorf argued that the grammatical categories of different languages lead their speakers to think about things in particular ways. However, studies on the differences between female and male Americans with regard to the color terms they use suggest that a) women spend more money on status goods than do men. b) in support of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, different languages produce different ways of thinking. c) changes in the U.S. economy, society, and culture have had no impact on the use of color terms, or on any other terms for that matter. d) women and men are equally sensitive to the marketing tactics of the cosmetic industry. e)contrary to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, it might be more reasonable to say that changes in culture produce changes in language and thought, rather than the reverse.
e) contrary to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, it might be more reasonable to say that changes in culture produce changes in language and thought, rather than the reverse.
What term refers to languages that have descended from the same ancestral language? a) brother languages b) F2 languages c) protolanguages d) sibling languages e) daughter languages
e) daughter languages
Development anthropology is the branch of applied anthropology that focuses on social issues in, and the cultural dimension of, which type of development? a) political b) scholastic c) ethical d) theoretical e) economic
e) economic
The U.S. baby boom of the late 1940s and 1950s a) brought anthropology into most high school curricula. b) produced a new interest in ethnic diversity. c) worked to shrink the world system. d) promoted renewed interest in applied anthropology during the 1950s and 1960s. e) fueled the general expansion of the U.S. educational system, including academic anthropology.
e) fueled the general expansion of the U.S. educational system, including academic anthropology.
A key feature of language that helps explain anthropologists' continued interest in studying it is that it a) tells us a lot about the present, although nothing about the past. b) helps them distinguish between the more and less evolved human races. d) rarely changes, so it provides a good window into linguistic uses of the past. d) enables us to compare human and nonhuman primate linguistic grammars. e) is always changing
e) is always changing
Identities are a) fixed by both genotype and phenotype. b) never dependent on context. c) creative constructs and therefore of little real consequence. d) fictions. e) not fixed; they are fluid and multiple.
e) not fixed; they are fluid and multiple.
Shamans and other magico-religious specialists are effective curers with regard to what kind of disease theory? a) ritualistic b) exotic c) naturalistic d) scientific e) personalistic
e) personalistic
What is the study of the sounds used in speech? a) phonetics b) phonemics c) phones d) phonemes e) phonology
e) phonology
Which of the following was studied by Sapir and Whorf? a) the interaction of thought and surface structure b) the influence of deep structure on semantic domains c) the influence of deep structure on surface structure d) the influence of culture on language e) the influence of language on thought
e) the influence of language on thought
Anthropology may aid in the progress of education by helping educators avoid all of the following EXCEPT a) indiscriminate assignment of nonnative English speakers to the same classrooms as children with "behavior problems." b) incorrect application of labels such as "learning impaired." c) sociolinguistic discrimination. d) ethnic stereotyping. e) tolerance of ethnic diversity.
e) tolerance of ethnic diversity.
When does copula deletion (absence of the verb "to be") occur in AAVE? a) in the past tense b) in the future tense c) in SE, not AAVE d) randomly e) where SE has contractions
e) where SE has contractions
