ANT300 Chapter 13

Summarize the history of the game of cricket in the Trobriand Islands and describe two of the ways it has been adapted by the Trobrianders.

Cricket was introduced to the Trobriand Islands by British colonialists in an attempt to substitute it for inter-tribal warfare. The Trobrianders replaced white clothing with their regular dress. They introduced opening songs for the teams that often had sexual overtones. They changed scoring to ensure that the home team wins, and matches are held in conjunction with hospitality and feasts.

Define ethnomusicology and discuss an example of it.

Ethnomusicology is the cross-cultural study of music. An example is the analysis of country music in Brazil. Its performance and lyrics emphasize kinship and nostalgia. Compared to American country music, Brazilian country music is typically performed by two males, who are either real or fictive brothers, whose voices blend in the songs.

Gullah men are largely responsible for "sewing" sweetgrass baskets.

False

The Waanyi Women's History Project sought to preserve indigenous Australian women's culture in order to display it to tourists.

False

What is one general way that the production of art is linked to modes of livelihood?

In industrial/digital cultures the production of art for sale typically requires specialized knowledge.

An example of a form of theater is __________.

Kathakali

Define material cultural heritage and intangible cultural heritage. List an example from the text of each.

Material cultural heritage includes the sites, monuments, buildings, and movable objects considered to have outstanding value to humanity. An example is the Heritage site of Carthage in present-day Tunisia. UNESCO defines intangible cultural heritage as including oral traditions, languages, performing arts, rituals and festive events, knowledge and practices about nature and the universe, and craftmaking. An example is the Hawai'ian hula and related activities.

A prominent interpretation offered by cultural anthropologists about games and sports sees them as __________.

"microcosms" of society

Summarize the questions and type of research related to gender and expressive culture. Discuss one example of anthropological research on gender in art/expressive culture/performance. .

Questions about gender and expressive culture include the gender division of labor in producing art/music/theater—who plays what roles, are roles equal in status, does expressive art portray gender equality or inequality? Study of music among the gender egalitarian Temiar of Malaysia revealed that male and female roles in musical performances are also equal.

An anthropologist is advising a minority culture about how to preserve its cultural heritage. They are concerned that their characteristic fabric coloring and patterning style is being copied and manufactured by an international corporation and sold as an "authentic" product of their culture. The anthropologist should advise this group to pursue the issue according to what policy or legal framework?

UNESCO's 2003 effort to maintain intangible cultural heritage

The origin of the cultural heritage of the Gullah people of South Carolina is in __________.

West and Central Africa

After the British introduction of cricket to the Trobriand Islands, local changes to the game involved __________.

abandoning the white clothing of the British game

Among the Temiar of Malaysia, economic and musical roles are __________.

balanced and complementary between men and women

Gers, or yerts, are associated with which mode of livelihood?

pastoralism

The anthropology of tourism has focused mainly on __________.

the impact of Western tourism on indigenous peoples

A study of Japanese interior decoration __________.

used home decorating magazines as a major source of data

Ruins of an ancient city are an example of material cultural heritage.

True

The definition of art used by anthropologists is broader than that used by art historians.

True

Analyze why anthropologists focus on studying the artist as much or more than the art product itself. List some of the methods they might use. Choose a living artist from your microculture and describe what you would study about him or her.

insisted that art must be studied in its cultural context and that the best way to do that is to focus on the artist rather than the art. Focusing on the artist provides a close-up understanding of his or her training, motivation, and choice of styles. Research methods often involve becoming a trainee or apprentice in the particular art form. Therefore, anthropologists have learned to play African drums and make pottery, for example. The respondent's example should reflect an anthropological perspective.

The traditional Western distinction between "fine art" and "folk art" __________.

is a judgment based on one group's understanding of esthetics