Antebellum America and American Sectionalism
What were the West's major political interests?
1. internal improvements 2. roads 3. canals 4. cheap land 5. uncontrolled banking
What were other reasons why women protested?
1. limited access to education 2. limited the rights to own and control property 3. it was very hard for women to obtain a divorce
What was De Facto segregation like when practiced throughout the north?
1. this was segregation by culture not law 2. African americans could not exercise same rights as whites 3. they were purposefully disenfranchised by law 4. preformed the least attractive jobs
By 1830 how many slaves were in America?
2 million
What was the Seneca Falls Convention?
Called for women's rights, met and determined to advocate for women's rights when they were denied the right to participate at an abolitionist convention (not about right to vote)
Who were the major leaders of the women's rights movement?
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott
Who were the organizers of the Seneca Falls (New York) Convention in 1848?
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott
True or false: Abolitionists had a huge political effect (liberty party), but had little emotional effect
False. Abolitionists had little political effect (Liberty Party), but had a massive emotional effect
True or False: The south supported internal improvements but opposed cheap land as they moved west to plant more cotton
False. They opposed internal improvements, but supported cheap land as they moves west to plant more cotton
Who was an escaped slave, who published the North Star newspaper and his intelligence brought hope of a better life for many slaves?
Frederick Douglas
What was a national scope and contributed to the development of reform movements that further divided the nation?
Great Awakening
Was a religious revival movement in the early 1800s
Great awakening
Who wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin, that showed the dark side of slavery?
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Who ran the underground railroad?
Harriet Tubman
Who was a slave who led a violent attack on southerners, was eventually tried and hung and pushed southerners to create harsher laws to control slaves?
Nat Turner
Who did settlers in the old northwest reflect the values of?
New England
Was this a split in the abolitionist movement? Could not agree whether slaves should be speaking in public about any issue
No, the could not agree whether women should be speaking in public about any issue, let alone slavery
Where were the Quakers?
Pennsylvania
Among who did the abolitionist movement first develop?
Quakers
When was the first time to get women's rights?
Seneca Falls Convention
From where did the wealth educate their children privately, did not provide public education fro poor whites, and outlawed teaching Africans to read?
South
Where was the culture strongly influenced by its colonial beginnings and its economy?
South
What activities led to a strengthening of the resolve of slave owners to justify their culture and further divided the nation?
The splits in the abolitionist movement
What were jobs like for northern African-americans?
They were often the last hired and the first fired and did the jobs that were least attractive
True or False: Many northerners were not abolitionists, and even some abolitionists did not agree with equal rights for blacks
True
True or False: in the north, African americans were purposefully disenfranchised by law at the same time that universal manhood suffrage was established
True
True or False: some northern states continued to have slaves into the 1830s
True
Who published the newspaper The Liberator, and pushed for emancipation (immediate release of all salves) and was banned in the south?
William Lloyd Garrison
What was the protective tariff?
a tax on imports used to help domestic industry
What was the most prominent reform movement?
abolition
What did the West think of the national bank?
agreed with the south on this matter
pre-civil war period in American history roughly from 1815 to 1860
antebellum period
What led to the regions developing different social values and political interests which led to political conflict and ultimately to war?
as the result of growing economic differences between the north, south, and the west
What was the labor force like in the north?
attracted immigrants, especially Germans and Irish, to work in the factories in growing town and cities
What was the African influence in the South?
because of large slave population and significant numbers of free blacks, African Americans contributed substantially to the culture and social structure of the south
What featured diverse populations in the north?
commercial centers like New York
What led to a lack of industry in the south?
continued to invest in slavery and agriculture
What was the labor force like in the south?
continued to rely on slave labor
How did the American system work and who was it developed by?
developed by henry clay, it linked all regions together economically; in hopes of easing the stress that many regional differences had caused
What contributed to the disagreements over the admission of the new states of Missouri, Texas, California, and Kansas?
different economic interests contributed to political differences over the extension of slavery into the west
What did the completion of the Erie Canal strengthen?
economic and political ties between the Northeast and the Northwest
What contributed to the political debate over the creation and continuation of the national bank?
economic differences
What did the Quakers believe?
everyone, even slaves, had an inner light
What was the labor force like in the West?
had a mixture of slaves, white, and immigrants (especially from China)
What was urban slavery like?
had freer lives than rural slaves. Would work on the docks or factories with their owners receiving their wages
Why did the west accept the protective tariff?
in exchange for northern support for their own interests
What were some other reform movements during this time?
in the areas of education, temperance, and the treatment of the mentally ill and prisoners met with some success during this period
Where did freedmen in the South mostly live and why?
in the cities where they could find work as artisans
What led to self-interested sectionalism?
increased regional pride
What was developed in the north in part because capital (money) earned through the shipping industry was available for investment in factories?
industry and finance (banking)
Where was the women's rights movement active and what was it tied to?
it was active in the north and tied to the abolitionist movement
Why were immigrants attracted to the north?
jobs in growing industries (they contributed to the cultural diversity and growing population of the region)
Why did the south come?
monetary issues
Why did the south develop fewer large towns or commercial cities?
navigable rivers brought ships close to the fields
Where were the Puritans?
new England
Was the women's rights movement successful in the antebellum period in securing additional rights for women?
no
Were free blacks granted civil or political rights?
no
Were most African americans living in the south freed?
no, most were slaves
Where were merchants and banking?
north
Who featured safe harbors and fast moving rivers for good trade?
north
Who was affected by the culture of the Puritans who settled New England and the Quakers of Pennsylvania?
north
Who's education was established early by the Puritans of Massachusetts Bay to enable the faithful to read the Bible and reformers called for public education in order to assimilate immigrants?
north
What did the South think about the protective tariff?
opposed it
What did the south think of the national bank?
opposed it because they viewed it as giving too much economic power to wealthy northeasterners and favored state banks that would offer cheap loans
What led to the nullification crisis in the South?
opposement of protective tariff
Why did the North come?
religious purposes
What did the south state about slaves?
slaves should be happy to be a part of a Christian nation. The "happy slave" depicted as part of the plantation family
What was the goal of the American system?
sought to unite the North and South economically, to overcome their growing differences
Where did large plantations produce a privileged class that dominated the government, society, and culture?
south
Where was commercial farming?
south
Who argued that slavery was a positive good because slaves were better off than industrial workers in the north?
south
Who featured large stretches of fertile land for strong agriculture?
south
What did the Gag rule do (1836)?
southerners pushed this though congress. It stopped all debate on slavery in congress and anti-slave protests in Washington DC; repealed in 1844
What did Manifest Destiny strengthen?
strong individualism that naturally arose among those settling the West
What did the North think of the protective tariff?
supported by northeasterners in order to protect their infant industries from foreign competition
What did the Erie Canal connect?
the Atlantic ocean to the great lakes via the Hudson river
What did the conditions of the slaves lives depend on in the south?
the conditions of their lives depended in large part on where they lived and the benevolence of their masters
What was immigration like in the south?
the region did not attract as many immigrants because there were few jobs in industry or available land
African Influence in the North...
there were relatively few slaves in the North and by 1840 most had been emancipated so they did not significantly impact the culture of the region
What were the free blacks rights in the north?
they could not exercise the same rights as white, except to legally marry
What did the north think of the national bank?
they favored it
What was the goal of the abolitionist movement?
to have slavery abolished in America
True or False: The majority of Southerners in the antebellum period lived on family farms and di not own slaves
true
True or False: southern states influenced the culture of states such as Kentucky, Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas
true
What was the secret route that slaves used to escape slavery?
underground railroad
What was rural slavery like?
were worked hard on the plantations
Who featured large agricultural lands and areas of large mineral deposits?
west
Who remained largely agricultural, growing crops that were suited to it various geographic regions?
west
What sparked renewed cries for abolition?
western expansion
As the ties between the North and West grew, how did it make the relations between the North and South?
worse
Did freedman in the south have better job opportunities than in the north, and if so, why?
yes because many of them had skills that were in high demand