ANTH 1 Unit 4 Practice Exam

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The low levels of genetic variation in contemporary human populations is likely due to the fact that contemporary humans arose from a

Small population recently in the past

Which of the following statements is true?

The expression of any genotype always depends on the environment

Phenotypic traits such as height are

Determined by an interaction between genes and environment

Genetic variation refers to

Differences among individuals in the genes they inherit

Variation refers to

Differences between individuals or populations of individuals

T/F: All observed adaptive differences between individuals are the result of genetic differences

False

T/F: Classification of people in Brazil is based on skin color only

False

T/F: Humans are the only species to exhibit homosexual behaviors

False

T/F: It is easy to determine the relative importance of genetic and environment influences for particular phenotypic traits

False

T/F: Most human genetic variation exists between (not within) races

False

T/F: Natural selection cannot affect behavior

False

T/F: The small amount of genetic variation in living humans indicate that we are descended from a large population of about 1 million people

False

T/F: Variation in mtDNA shows that humans are more genetically variable than other species, such as chimpanzees

False

Modern _____ populations are genetically more variable than other populations

African

Variation within groups refers to differences

Among individuals in the same group and is usually genetic

Evolutionary theory predicts that human females will prefer males who

Can provide the most resources

Sickle-cell anemia

Causes unusually shaped red blood cells

Genetic drift

Causes variation between groups

Natural selection

Causes variation between groups

Adaptive Lag

Causes variation within groups

Balanced Polymorphism

Causes variation within groups

Selection-mutation balance

Causes variation within groups

T/F: Geographical distance is a very good predictor of genetic distance between human population

True

T/F: It is different to determine the source of variation in humans because parents and offspring can share traits because of shared genes, shared environment, or shared culture

True

T/F: On average, males are more concerned about their mates' sexual, rather than their emotional, infidelity than females because of the possibility of their mate's offspring being fathered by another male

True

T/F: Studies of mtDNA indicate that any two humans taken at random from different human populations are more similar to one another than any two chimpanzees taken from different chimpanzee populations

True

T/F: The ability to digest lactose as an adult has evolved since people began domesticating livestock

True

T/F: The gene tree for the complete mitochondrial genomes of people from all over the world indicates that all modern human are descended from an African population

True

Genetic results for "Block" and "White" Brazilians reveal

Little correlation between phenotype and ancestry

Phenotypic traits result

From an interaction of genes and environment

Scientists conventionally divide human variation into which two components?

Genetic and environmental

Classifying humans into races is not possible because

Genetic variation is continuous

Evolutionary theory predicts that human males will prefer females who

Have high reproductive value

T/F: Different traits tend to classify people into different groups

True

Generally, Buss' cross-cultural data show that

Males and females differ in their mate preferences in ways predicted by evolutionary theory

Variation at a single locus can be maintained by

Mutation and heterozygote advantage

A selection-mutation balance occurs when

Mutation introduces alleles that selection does not favor

In Buss' cross-cultural survey of mate preferences he found that males and females most about

Mutual attraction and love

Body size varies among human groups. This variation may be caused in part by

Natural selection

Adaptive lag can cause variation because environments have recently changed and genes that were previously beneficial have not yet been eliminated. This may describe

Non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDD)

Most modern scientists studying human variation believe that humans can be divided into

One race: Human

T/F: Genetic drift creates genetic variation among isolated groups

True

T/F: Although human mate preferences reflect evolved psychological explanations, they also are strongly influenced by culture, the economic environment, and other contextual factors

True

T/F: Because parental investment lasts for many years, we would expect both men and women to value traits in their partners that help them sustain their relationsips

True

Most genetic variation exists

Within groups of humans


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