ANTH 111 Concept check 4-5

As cities and states emerged, there was an increase in demand for higher yields to support growing populations. What did this force farmers to do? A. own more land in order to grow more crops B. work as peasants on small plots of land owned by the state C. figure out new ways to store surplus D. take on more important roles in government

B. work as peasants on small plots of land owned by the state

Which of the following does not describe a sociocultural construction? A. norms relating to the roles of women B. rules defining kinship relationships and obligations C. the genetic relatedness of family members D. rules pertaining to individuals being assigned to racial categories

C. the genetic relatedness of family members

Match the form of social organization with associated features (Bands, Chiefdom, State, Tribes) A. military, economic, religious, and political power concentrated in a single position, major building projects, use of coercive power to force people to carry out commands, and inherited form of leadership. B. societies rely on extended family structures and councils for leadership; lineages, segmented lineages, big men, and age sets; acephalous C. an institution that exercises centralized rule over a territory. D. gatherer-hunters, living in small groups, acephalous

Band - D Chiefdom - A State - C Tribes - B

Which of these groups of people would NOT be considered a family? A. a single woman with an adopted child B. a woman who never married who lives next door to her widowed mother C. a married couple of the same sex who are raising a child D. two friends that share a home and co-own a business

D. two friends that share a home and co-own a business

Which description BEST defines gender? A. biological categories of male, female, and intersex B. erotic thoughts, desires, and practices and the sociocultural identities associated with them C. cultural roles associated with the biological categories of male and female D. sociocultural identities associated with specific forms of sexuality

C. cultural roles associated with the biological categories of male and female

Which of the following BEST describes the universalist/economic approach to understanding economic processes? A. relies upon fieldwork rather than statistics to understand economic processes B. focuses on the differences between economic assumptions in various cultures C. creates universal rules based on those cultures that are egalitarian D. assumes that economic processes work the same way all over the world

D. assumes that economic processes work the same way all over the world

Match the term with its definition (heteronormativity, gender essentialism, intersectionality, sexual orientation) A. sociocultural identities associated with specific forms of sexuality B. refers to the intersection of race, class, ethnicity, age, gender, and physical ability C. the idea that gender-based traits are deep and consequential D. the view that heterosexuality is the most "natural" form of sexuality

Heteronormativity - D Gender essentialism - C Intersectionality - B Sexul Orientation - A

Which of the following BEST defines the meritocracy of the American Dream? A. the idea that racism is endemic and enshrined in law and social institutions B. an ideal society in which individuals are blind to race and ethnicity C. the claim that inequity can only be understood through the lens of race D. the idea that people succeed based entirely on their own effort and abilities

D. the idea that people succeed based entirely on their own effort and abilities

Which statement is NOT true of kinship systems? A. Cross-culturally, biology defines who one's closest relatives are. B. Cultural definitions regarding specific kinship relationships vary widely. C. Kinship creates a network of relationships between individuals. D. All cultures have some system for determining kinship.

A. Cross-culturally, biology defines who one's closest relatives are.

Which term describes the marriage of one man to more than one woman at the same time? A. patriarchy B. polygyny C. polyandry D. serial monogamy

B. polygyny

Which of the following is NOT associated with globalization? A. the economies of the United States and Western European since the late 1970s B. the rise of the Industrial Age and the growth of local factories C. the moving of factories to countries such as China and Brazil for cheaper labor D. markets expanding beyond the location where products are manufactured

B. the rise of the Industrial Age and the growth of local factories

Which statement does NOT describe European colonialism in Africa? A. Europeans imposed power over existing African political systems. B. Africans became forced labor on colonial projects like mining and building roads. C. Africans were encouraged to start import-export trade and their own factories. D. Europeans asserted authoritarian and militaristic power over African populations.

C. Africans were encouraged to start import-export trade and their own factories.

What term describes the transfer of material and symbolic value from a groom to the bride's family? A. potlatch B. arranged marriage C. bride wealth D. dowry

C. bride wealth

Which term refers to a hierarchical organization of different groups of people based on traits such as race, socioeconomic status, religion, or gender? A. neoliberalism B. symbolic violence C. social stratification D. structural inequalities

C. social stratification

Which statement is NOT true of the approach Native American cultures typically took to variant genders? A. Variant-gender individuals often became healers and spiritual leaders. B. The category of "two-spirit" people referred to people with both male and female spirits. C. Variant-gender individuals often had specialized work roles. D. Variant-gender individuals were considered homosexual.

D. Variant-gender individuals were considered homosexual.

Which of the following is not one of the four different levels of social inequality? A. interpersonal inequalities B. structural inequalities C. systemic inequalities D. functional inequalities E. institutional inequalities

D. functional inequalities

Inequity refers to unequal distribution of resources, while inequality refers to the unequal distribution of resources due to some having more power than others. (T/F)

False

Research on masculinity demonstrates that "male" is a stand-alone category and is only held in opposition to "female" when women are not present. (T/F)

False

Match the mode of subsistence with its description/characteristic/feature. (Industrialism, plant cultivation, pastoralism, gathering-hunting) A. this mode of subsistence is associated with the care and use of domesticated herd animals B. humans have practiced this mode of subsistence for most of their evolutionary history C. Four key characteristics for this mode of subsistence include urbanization, regimented and controlled work conditions and wages earned, the rise of social classes, and an increase in commodity consumption D. can include slash-and-burn techniques, but also irrigation systems, a plough, and more intensive technologies

Industrialism - C Plant Cultivation - D Pastoralism - A Gathering-Hunting - B

Match the form of kinship structure with its characteristics. (Lineal, generational, bifurcate merging) A. Distinction in kinship terms occurs only along gender and generational lines B. Nuclear family is emphasized, bilateral descent C. EGO's parents' same-sex siblings and their offspring are incorporated into the immediate family; cross and parallel cousins

Lineal - B Generational - A Bifurcate merging - C

Anthropologists seek to understand how people perform gender, meaning how they enact gender norms on an everyday basis. (T/F)

True

EGO identifies the person whose kinship chart is being depicted and serves as the starting point for showing relationships with other individuals. (T/F)

True

Gender ideology represents a set of ideas about gender relations, behaviors, and norms as they are embedded in the institution, family, religion, and other sociocultural spheres. (T/F)

True

General purpose money is money exchanged for goods and services having a specific value, while special purpose money is only used for special events and purposes. (T/F)

True

When an ideology and perceived social reality becomes the dominant view over other groups, it becomes hegemony. Hegemony is a set of ideas used to support the existing social order. (T/F)

True

When citizens of a nation-state are joined together by rituals and practices that give them a sense of belonging and collectivity, even with people they've never met, this can be considered an imagined community. (T/F)

True

What economic model prioritizes privatization of public services? A. structural violence B. neoliberalism C. neocolonialism D. Marxism

b. neoliberalism

"Social movements" describes organized action by a group within the government to create social change. (T/F)

false