anthro 161

holism

-STUDY IN DEPTH -combine the study of human pre-history from many different perspectives

qualitative method

-aim to produce an in-depth and detailed description of social behaviors and beliefs

3 key concerns shaped anthro

1) industrialization 2) evolution 3) colonialism

ethnocentrism

-MY CULTURE>YOURS -the assumption that one's own way of doing things is correct, while dismissing others practices as wrong -antrho must be especially mindful of this bc it can provoke intertolerance and make cross-culture understanding impossible

The cognitive theory of culture most closely states that

culture operates through models and logical systems.

When anthropologists attempt to make a typology that places societies on a hierarchy according to the tools they use, they are doing which kind of anthropology?

neo evolutionism

ethnographic method

-book on culture -methods to use and find info

linguistic anthropology

-community through language -shapes group -order their environment using linguistic categories

4 subfields of anthropology

-cultural -archaeology -biological -linguistic

diversity

-describe and explain human diversity the sheer variety of ways of being human around the world

inculturation

-feel natural -not aware -all you know -hard to realize you are in a box -adopt norms -until someone points out the difference

the school emphasized that processes of enculturation shape the characteristics of a persons individual makeup

culture and personality

cultural model

-feelings: anger to us may not feel that way or be used different/might be related to a different feeling

biological antrhopology

-human evolution -health and disease -non human primates -genetics -nutrition

subfield that studies human evolution, genetics, nutrition

biological anthropology

ethics

-informed concent -what is the problem, why, what used for -medication for malaria

functionalism

-institutions (government, politics, economic: capitalistic, religious, social: growing up--> college --> family) -keeps society functioning -reinforces stability -fit into the system

colonialism

-teach how to become civilized -historical practice of more powerful -countries claiming possession of less powerful ones -salvage paradigm -not everyone evolved to societies

cultural relativism

-the moral and intellectual principle that one should withhold judgement about seemingly strange or exotic beliefs (w/out bias)

cultural models and personal cognitive models are the same thing

FALSE

When an anthropologist sees a culture as an integrated system of symbols, economic practices, and political struggles without one clear "truth," he or she is using which theoretical approach?

post structuarlism

enculturation

process of learning culture from a very young age

historical archaeologists excavate sites where writen historical documentation exists that provides an accurate description of the way ppl lived

FALSE

there is rarely any guessing involved in the development of theories bc they are tested repeatedly

TRUE

When anthropologists analyze the subordination of women in society as a result of thinking that men are "good" and women are "bad," they are using which approach?

structuralism

functionalism

the theory of culture that proposes that cultural practices beliefs and instituation fulfill the psychological and physical needs of society

evolution

-CHANGE OVER TIME -by natural selection challenged beliefs of society (Charles Darwin) -Evolutionary theories were subsequently applied to the study of culture

scientific method

-develop -test -disprove hypothesis

limits of relativism

-often places anthropologists in a moral predicament -ex: infanticide, genital mutilation, human sacrifice and other practices (nazi)

archaeological anthropology

-past cultures -excavating -hunting and gathering--> farming

cultural antrhopology

-social lives of living communities -ethnic groups -occupations -institutions

industrialization

-societies -populations -disrupted american and european societies by bringing large numbers of rural people into towns and cities to work in factories -studying how villages and cities were structured

symbols

-something that conventionally and arbitrarily stands for something else -particularly stable -easily remembered -preserve a culture

activities that are biologically based such as eating and sleeping are universally the same for all humans

FALSE

all humans are born with some culture

FALSE

although cultural differences produce different behaviors and practices, humans feel emotions in the same way worldwide

FALSE

contemporary cultural anthropologists still rank societies along an evolutionary scale from primitive to advanced

FALSE

culture can be transmitted virtually through the internet in addition to face to face interaction

TRUE

social evolution

The idea that each society passes through stages of development starting with primitive and ending with complex is called

historical particularism

The theory that each society develops particular cultural traits and undergoes a unique process of change is called

rituals

call community to show how important sharing is

instinct

complex behaviors that cannot be altered, do not have to be taught

moral and intellectual principle that one should withhold judgment about seemingly strange or exotic beliefs and practices is

cultural relativism

holism

efforts to synthesize distinct approaches and finding into a single comprehensive interpretation

bronislaw monizowksy

functionalism

mask+birds

greed in society, stories we tell reflect cultural values

franz boas

historical particularism

clifford geertz

interpretivist anthropology

When an anthropologist studies the symbolism in the origin myth of a community, the anthropologist is using which approach?

interprevist approach

marvin harris

neo evolutionsiam

social institution

organized sets of social relationships that link individuals to each other in structured ways.

renalto rosado

post structuralism

informed concent

practice of anthropologists explaining their research and being clear about the risks involved

culture

shapes thought and action, based on a set of beliefs, moral/ethical principle that you did not create

human terrain project

when anthropologists work with armed forces

culture shock

you don't know how to act/live/be in this environment supposed to act profound notions of sensibility