anthro 161
holism
-STUDY IN DEPTH -combine the study of human pre-history from many different perspectives
qualitative method
-aim to produce an in-depth and detailed description of social behaviors and beliefs
3 key concerns shaped anthro
1) industrialization 2) evolution 3) colonialism
ethnocentrism
-MY CULTURE>YOURS -the assumption that one's own way of doing things is correct, while dismissing others practices as wrong -antrho must be especially mindful of this bc it can provoke intertolerance and make cross-culture understanding impossible
The cognitive theory of culture most closely states that
culture operates through models and logical systems.
When anthropologists attempt to make a typology that places societies on a hierarchy according to the tools they use, they are doing which kind of anthropology?
neo evolutionism
ethnographic method
-book on culture -methods to use and find info
linguistic anthropology
-community through language -shapes group -order their environment using linguistic categories
4 subfields of anthropology
-cultural -archaeology -biological -linguistic
diversity
-describe and explain human diversity the sheer variety of ways of being human around the world
inculturation
-feel natural -not aware -all you know -hard to realize you are in a box -adopt norms -until someone points out the difference
the school emphasized that processes of enculturation shape the characteristics of a persons individual makeup
culture and personality
cultural model
-feelings: anger to us may not feel that way or be used different/might be related to a different feeling
biological antrhopology
-human evolution -health and disease -non human primates -genetics -nutrition
subfield that studies human evolution, genetics, nutrition
biological anthropology
ethics
-informed concent -what is the problem, why, what used for -medication for malaria
functionalism
-institutions (government, politics, economic: capitalistic, religious, social: growing up--> college --> family) -keeps society functioning -reinforces stability -fit into the system
colonialism
-teach how to become civilized -historical practice of more powerful -countries claiming possession of less powerful ones -salvage paradigm -not everyone evolved to societies
cultural relativism
-the moral and intellectual principle that one should withhold judgement about seemingly strange or exotic beliefs (w/out bias)
cultural models and personal cognitive models are the same thing
FALSE
When an anthropologist sees a culture as an integrated system of symbols, economic practices, and political struggles without one clear "truth," he or she is using which theoretical approach?
post structuarlism
enculturation
process of learning culture from a very young age
historical archaeologists excavate sites where writen historical documentation exists that provides an accurate description of the way ppl lived
FALSE
there is rarely any guessing involved in the development of theories bc they are tested repeatedly
TRUE
When anthropologists analyze the subordination of women in society as a result of thinking that men are "good" and women are "bad," they are using which approach?
structuralism
functionalism
the theory of culture that proposes that cultural practices beliefs and instituation fulfill the psychological and physical needs of society
evolution
-CHANGE OVER TIME -by natural selection challenged beliefs of society (Charles Darwin) -Evolutionary theories were subsequently applied to the study of culture
scientific method
-develop -test -disprove hypothesis
limits of relativism
-often places anthropologists in a moral predicament -ex: infanticide, genital mutilation, human sacrifice and other practices (nazi)
archaeological anthropology
-past cultures -excavating -hunting and gathering--> farming
cultural antrhopology
-social lives of living communities -ethnic groups -occupations -institutions
industrialization
-societies -populations -disrupted american and european societies by bringing large numbers of rural people into towns and cities to work in factories -studying how villages and cities were structured
symbols
-something that conventionally and arbitrarily stands for something else -particularly stable -easily remembered -preserve a culture
activities that are biologically based such as eating and sleeping are universally the same for all humans
FALSE
all humans are born with some culture
FALSE
although cultural differences produce different behaviors and practices, humans feel emotions in the same way worldwide
FALSE
contemporary cultural anthropologists still rank societies along an evolutionary scale from primitive to advanced
FALSE
culture can be transmitted virtually through the internet in addition to face to face interaction
TRUE
social evolution
The idea that each society passes through stages of development starting with primitive and ending with complex is called
historical particularism
The theory that each society develops particular cultural traits and undergoes a unique process of change is called
rituals
call community to show how important sharing is
instinct
complex behaviors that cannot be altered, do not have to be taught
moral and intellectual principle that one should withhold judgment about seemingly strange or exotic beliefs and practices is
cultural relativism
holism
efforts to synthesize distinct approaches and finding into a single comprehensive interpretation
bronislaw monizowksy
functionalism
mask+birds
greed in society, stories we tell reflect cultural values
franz boas
historical particularism
clifford geertz
interpretivist anthropology
When an anthropologist studies the symbolism in the origin myth of a community, the anthropologist is using which approach?
interprevist approach
marvin harris
neo evolutionsiam
social institution
organized sets of social relationships that link individuals to each other in structured ways.
renalto rosado
post structuralism
informed concent
practice of anthropologists explaining their research and being clear about the risks involved
culture
shapes thought and action, based on a set of beliefs, moral/ethical principle that you did not create
human terrain project
when anthropologists work with armed forces
culture shock
you don't know how to act/live/be in this environment supposed to act profound notions of sensibility