Anthro 2ac

Archaeologists working at Head-Smashed-In-Buffalo-Jump have found the following bison bones: 7 right femurs, 10 left femurs, 15 various ribs, and 5 skulls. What is the Minimum Number of Individuals (MNI)? (4)

10

An archaeologist determines that only 12.5 percent of an ecofact's original carbon-14 remains. How many years old is the ecofact? (4)

17,190 (half life x 3)

As part of their project design, the Estate Little Princess Project organized decision making in this way:

A core team with rotating duties as co-Principle Investigators

According to lecture, contemporary Kashaya scholars identified an area at Fort Ross/Metini consistently swept clean of artifacts as likely evidence of: (3)

A dance house

Which of the following could be considered a feature in archaeology? (Select all that apply) (3)

A hearth where a fire was built for cooking food, The brick foundation remains of a house, A road indicating the path of a procession

The Smithsonian's National Museum of African American History and Culture is important for Tara Roberts, since:

A museum exhibit inspired her research

As Dr. Jillian Swift's research has shown, chemical isotope analysis is particularly useful for considering ancient diets. Why is this? (4)

All of these are true

An archaeologist encounters a bottle with an elaborate label from a local brewery, but no beer inside anymore. The bottle was likely used as: (3)

Any of these: further testing is needed to avoid assumptions about an object's use

Which of these best describes the time period that *archaeology* focuses on?

Any time when humans have existed

According to lecture, which of the following is true (as opposed to one of the seven common archaeological myths)?

Archaeologists tend to work in teams of multiple experts, Most materials recovered during archaeological work belong safely in a museum

Match the following words to their corresponding example: (3)

Artifact = A piece of a broken ceramic pot (known as a "sherd") Ecofact = A discarded bone with markings from some form of cutlery Feature = A post hole (circular stains in soil left behind by rotted wooden posts)

According to your textbook, radiocarbon dating must be calibrated. This is because: (4)

Atmospheric concentration of carbon-14 has changed over time, especially before 1000 BCE

Archaeologists have found evidence that the famous Birka Warrior was (5)

Biologically Female

Some examples of environments where well-preserved human remains have been found include the following: (Select all that apply) (3)

Bogs, Glaciers, Deserts

Spanish explorers on the Portola Expedition (1769) described the California landscapes they saw as (4)

Burnt in some spots and not in others

At the time of death, living things: (4)

Cease to absorb carbon-14 through carbon dioxide.

Salvage ethnography involved:

Collecting objects with the assumption that Indigenous culture would vanish

The style of pottery known as _____________________ is important for the African diaspora because it was often made by enslaved individuals, and later rejected following emancipation.

Colonware

The African Burial Ground in New York City was rediscovered in 1991. What happened upon its discovery? (5)

Construction was halted and analysis done on the bodies after community protests. The building was later modified and a memorial built.

According to your textbook, at the Ozette site, both the archaeologists and the Makah: (3)

Cooperated through the involvement of elders and young people

According to lecture, which of the following is true regarding the opening of Tutankhamun's tomb? (5)

Curses are a reminder that mistreatment of the dead or lack of attention to the living can cause harm, Archaeologist Howard Carter's canary died the day the tomb was opened, prompting the Egyptian crew to express unease

____________ is an excellent resource for finding out more specifically about sites related to the African Diaspora from the 1500s - 1800s.

DAACS

Archaeologists determined that the Aztec curse of "One Rabbit" years in the Mesoamerican calendar cycle really did correlate with cycles of drought across a few hundred year period. What method is most useful for indicating cycles of drought? (4)

Dendrochronology

An archaeologist who is interested in studying change-over-time would use a _______________ analysis. (3)

Diachronic

According to Abd el-Gawad and Stevenson, match the following (5)

Egyptian Arabic = Not used in museum labels and catalogs Classical Arabic = Used in museum labels and catalogs Modern Egypt = Perceived by Westerners as "Eastern" Ancient Egypt = Perceived by Westerners as "Western"

Archaeologists working at a Donner Party camp found multiple lines of evidence that suggested what peoples' lives were like starving in the Sierras in the mid-1800s. Please match the evidence with the analysis. (4)

Finely chopped bones of horses, cows, and dogs = Boiling of potential food sources for maximum nutrients Broken pieces of China = The use of everyday objects despite dire circumstances Burned Iron Nails = Use of property such as wagons and furniture as fuel

According to the class on Museum Anthropology, which of the following famous artifacts is the only one to have been successfully repatriated from museums?

Gold artifacts from Machu Picchu

Gertrude Caton-Thompson worked on the site ______________________ , confirming the site's local cultural origins which other archaeologists had debated.

Great Zimbabwe

The Parthenon Marbles (or "Elgin Marbles") are a subject of dispute between the United Kingdom and Greece. What is that dispute?

Greece demands they be repatriated since they were taken while Greece was under foreign rule.

According to your reading, archaeologists working on the US-Mexico border have found that shoes are most often:

Inexpensive sneakers, not well adapted to the necessities of the desert

According to lecture, the term "Two-Spirit" (5)

Is a recent term that some people have embraced to describe multiple Native North American genders

The term "Caucasian" is used as a synonym for European ancestry because (check all that apply): (5)

Johann Friedrich Blumenbach believed a skull from the Caucusus mountains was the prettiest in his collection

According to lecture, one sampling technique is especially useful for community collaborative projects. It is: (3)

Judgemental

According to lecture, archaeologists working at Metini/Fort Ross found that chips of stone from tool making decreased over time, while similar chips of class increased over time. This suggests that: (3)

Kashaya Pomo technology adapted to include new materials.

__________________ is a great example of both cultural and natural formation processes, representing BOTH purposeful cultural preservation and natural preservation. (3)

King Tut

What kind of fuels create the easiest path for wildfires to reach the canopy in a forest setting? (4)

Ladder Fuels

The natural frequency of ______________ helps archaeologists estimate the natural fire return interval for an environment without human presence. (4)

Lightning

Which of the following faunal remains are most widely useful for archaeologists for determining ancient environmental conditions? (4)

Microfauna such as microscopic organisms, insects, and rodents

A shell bead is found lower in the ground than a plastic bead. Is the shell bead older? (4)

Not necessarily. It depends on the depth of layers rather than the depth of objects.

You have only fragmentary bones from an individual. A microscopic examination of ________________ could be used to determine their approximate age at death. (5)

Osteons

______________ form as plants take up silica from groundwater, creating unique shapes and textures. (4)

Phytoliths

According to the lecture, what signs of evidence suggested that cannibalism took place among the crew of the lost Franklin Expedition? (3)

Pot polishing, intentional butchery, Mix of human remains and other food waste

According to your reading, since the mid-1990s the policy used on the US-Mexico border has been known as _____________________, driving hopeful migrants into the hostile terrain of the desert. (2)

Prevention Through Deterrence (PTD)

Ethnoarchaeology and experimental archaeology are both _______________ techniques, emphasizing hypothesis-making and the scientific process in archaeological interpretation.

Processual

According to archaeologist Laurie Wilkie, "archaeological doing starts not with a trowel but with

Questions

While skeletal differences can be related to an individual's ancestry, it is very difficult to identify an individual's ______________ based on skeletal analysis alone. (5)

Race

Dr. Morris studied her own family's past at their home in Illinois. Her work examining census records helped to show that:

Race is a social construct, changing depending on point of view

According to your textbook, ______ and ________ led directly to a rise in archaeological science in the mid-twentieth century.

Radiocarbon dating and the study of DNA

According to lecture and discussion section, which of the following principles is *NOT* included in the Society for American Archaeology (SAA) Code of Ethics? [https://www.saa.org/career-practice/ethics-in-professional-archaeologyLinks to an external site.]

Respect and Representation

According to lecture, Blackbeard raided Charles Towne, South Carolina in search of: (3)

STD medicine

An archaeologist needs to quickly but consistently dig holes for samples to determine where to dig further. What method would accomplish this? (3)

STPs

_________________ is the best aerial reconnaissance method for dealing with extremely large scale sites. (3)

Satellite Imaging

Abd el-Gawad and Stevenson point out that comics as a form of media specifically have the power of: (5)

Satire, Expression, Dissent

_______________ refers to a stylistic sequence made through comparing rises and falls in the popularity of a particular object's design. (4)

Seriation

While caves and tool-stone outcroppings are important for identifying potential archaeology sites, on the Channel Islands, archaeologists more often look for: (3)

Shell middens

Please match the sampling strategy with its corresponding definition. (3)

Systematic = is fast and evenly spread across an entire site area. Stratified Random = envolves dividing the site into different areas often based on landscape features such as hills/valleys or rivers. Random = is inherently biased since clusters of locations can appear anywhere within it. Stratified Unaligned Systematic = combines techniques by dividing the study area into equally sized locations, followed by random locations within them.

New research based on footprints found in the US southwest suggests humans may have been in North America before 21,000 years ago. 21,000 years ago was the radiocarbon date of organic material in the layer above the footprints. Therefore, this layer functioned as a: (4)

TAQ (date before which)

You are interested in learning the age of an individual based on their skeleton. Which part of the anatomy is most likely to indicate age? (5)

Teeth

Temperate conditions: (3)

Tend to destroy delicate materials because of fluctuating rain and relatively warm temperatures.

Religious extremism led to the destruction of the archaeological site of _______________ in 2001.

The Bamiyan Buddhas

According to the most recent analysis, Kennewick Man is closely *genetically* linked with:

The Colville or other tribes from the Kennewick, Washington area.

According to your textbook, LiDAR renders are especially useful because: (3)

The angle of the sun can be digitally manipulated to view the landscape in optimal lighting.

The skeleton of a child is found with a narrow pelvis. Which of the following is likely? (5)

The child could be male or female: children's skeletons are difficult to assign sex.

For Native American human remains discovered *before* 1990, NAGPRA stipulates they be returned to:

The clearly culturally identifiable descendant.

When using a trowel for excavation, the most common method is to use (3)

The edge, since it can scrape the surface lightly

An ancient pot was discovered in a Chinese tomb with many identical impressions baked into its surface that match the shape of the seeds of a watermelon. Which of the following can be determined based on the pot? (4)

The maker of the pot had access to a watermelon seed.

For Native American human remains discovered *after* 1990, NAGPRA stipulates they be returned to:

The most likely descendant.

In the work of Dr. Whitney Battle-Baptiste, the phrase "captive African domestic sphere" refers to _________________, recentering attention on the lives of enslaved people.

The plantation or "slave quarters"

The underwater sites of the Queen Anne's Revenge has been controversial with some doubting such a famous ship could really be recovered. According to lecture, which of these lines of evidence (among others) have helped identify the ship beyond reasonable doubt? (Select all that apply) (3)

The ship's number of cannons, The ship's measurements indicating national origin

Paleopathology refers to: (5)

The study of ancient diseases through examination of human remains.

According to Laurie Wilkie, _________ is a tool that scholars use to do research - like glasses to see the world.

Theory

NAGPRA is made more complicated because:

There is no unified Indigenous tradition that can be fit into law

According to your textbook, who conducted one of the first *documented* archaeological excavations on land in the U.S.?

Thomas Jefferson

Which of the following are closely associated with the roles and materials of Aztec women during and before the 1500s? (check all that apply) (5)

Trade and the marketplace, Cueitl (traditional skirt with sash), Huipil (traditional blouse or dress)

____________ refers to the systematic organization of artifacts based on shared attributes like style, size, color, or material. (4)

Typology

According to lecture, the site of the Emeryville Shellmound:

Was excavated, poisoned, and demolished in the early 20th century to make way for a mall.

According to your reading, archaeologists working on the US-Mexico border found that factory suppliers for migrants produced ____________________ in black rather than white because of the supposedly increased difficulty of spotting them in the desert.

Water Bottles

According to lecture, statues and buildings from ancient Greece and Rome:

Were often colorful, but their colors have faded over time, leading to misconceptions about the past.

According to your textbook, is there a quantitative bias toward more recent times when archaeologists focus only on surface finds? (3)

While there is some, surprisingly most surface surveys are multi-period.

According to the Atalay et al 2017 comic book reading, how should Historical Societies and Private Collectors handle human remains?

While they are *not* subject to NAGPRA, they can still "do the right thing" and follow the spirit of the law to return remains.

An archaeologist finds a well-preserved timber-framed structure with signs of burning. Is it possible to find an absolute date for the structure without chemical analysis? (4)

Yes: the tree rings could likely be cross-dated with other tree rings even without lab analysis.

Drawing on both reading and lecture, the analysis of the sites of the Serpent Mound and Great Zimbabwe are similar because:

archaeologists doubted the Indigenous people of both sites could have constructed these monuments.

an ___________ describes a group of artifacts recurring together at a particular time and place, and representing the sum of human activities.

assemblage

During the first half of the 20th century (1900-1950), archaeologists focused on

classification of artifact types and studying evidence of migration and diffusion.

According to archaeologist Laurie Wilkie, knowledge is ____________, not extracted. (1)

constructed

Abd el-Gawad and Stevenson use the idea of museums as _______________, as "social spaces where cultures meet, clash, and grapple with one another," often in asymmetrical power relations. (5)

contact zones

The 19th-century anthropological belief in the development of culture from primitive, to barbarous, to civilized:

is flawed because it assumes a unilinear progression of culture toward a European norm.

According to your reading, Darwin's On the Origin of Species was important to archaeologists because:

it demonstrated how biological changes could occur over time through "natural selection."

The so call __________ system was devised by European antiquarians to legally extract archaeological artifacts from countries like Egypt in exchange for Western expertise (5)

partage

According to Ayana Flewellen and her co-authors, community archaeology seeks to:

serve local people, stakeholders, descendant people (ALL OF THESE)

The site of Teotihuacan is significant for understanding the history of human thought about the past, because:

the Aztecs mythologized it as part of their supposed Toltec ancestry and identity.

According to the latest analysis, large human-made mounds located along the Mississippi were built by

the ancestors of the same Native Americans who have continued to live on the land today.