anthro quizzes

"Social facts reinforce the collective conscience to maintain social solidarity" is a thought attributed to:

Durkheim

Which of the following anthropologists focused on symbols as the central way that culture is composed?

Geertz

Which of the following anthropologists used liminality to describe how social structures make sense of the out-of-ordinary?

Victoria Turner

According to Durkheim, society changes (or "evolves") because of

population growth

What is the estimated number of enslaved Africans believed to have been transported to the Americas from the 16th to the 19th century?

10-12 million

The formal rules of a language, including how it sounds, is the study of

descriptive linguistics

What is meant by the phrase "closed corporate community"?

groups of peasants who work as farmers to support those living within their own community

Technological development, agricultural development, urbanization, industrialization, and communication infrastructure are the five processes of:

modernization

What occurs when a social movement changes the structure of the political system, whether through peaceful or violent action?

revolution

Which occupational area employs the greatest number of immigrants to the United States?

agriculture and meatpacking

What term refers to the process of raising animals to obtain animal by-products?

animal domestication

Which of the following BEST describes the universalist approach to understanding economic processes?

assumes that economic processes work the same way all over the world

"Social conflicts caused by material needs result in political and historical events as people seek to find solutions." This idea attributed to Marx is known as:

dialectical materialism

Which type of colonization happens when large areas of land are occupied by imperial forces for resource extraction and locals are forced to build the infrastructure of their own subjugation and environmental ruin?

economic colonization

The biological ability of humans to make sounds and put them into meaningful sequences is the study of

evolutionary linguistics

The first method of farming developed by humans is known as what?

extensive horticulture

Primitivism and orientalism are types of cultural relativism.

false

Society is synonymous with nation or civilization.

false

What mode of subsistence have humans practiced for most of their evolutionary history?

gathering-hunting

Education, government, medicine, and family are different areas of dense social complexity. These structures are referred to as

institutions

What economic model prioritizes privatization of public services?

neoliberalism

What mode of subsistence is associated with the care and use of domesticated herd animals?

pastoralism

What term refers to the ability to convince others and build group consensus?

persuasive power

The rights and obligations of a particular status are

roles

Which type of colonization best describes what happened to the Indigenous people of North America?

settler colonization

The ways that individuals perceive aspects of social and natural reality and divide that reality into categories that are culturally variable are called

social constructions

The feeling of connectedness we feel to other members within our group is called

social solidarity

Which description BEST defines evolutionary social theory (cultural evolution)?

societies moving from one form of social organization to another in a linear evolutionary sequence

What term did Elman Service use for a type of acephalous society that relies on extended family structures for leadership, decision-making, and conflict resolution?

tribal societies

Humans have the ability to ascribe meaning to things, allowing for knowledge structures to form that make life and social relations possible.

true

Which is an example of embodiment?

Dressing professionally while at work to maintain a good working relationship with colleagues

What is the name for the time period from the 18th to the 20th century during which institutions of European political control were standardized, particularly in Africa?

classic colonialism

In Durkheim's organic solidarity, everyone in the community participates in all the same economic activities.

false

What movement represents the largest diaspora in history, with some 18 million people no longer living in their country of origin?

indian diaspora

French philosopher Michel Foucault used which term to describe how people engage in risky public speech in order to speak truth about power?

parrhesia

The creation of classes in a society to reflect different levels of capital is referred to as:

social stratification

Which description BEST defines sexual orientation?

sociocultural identities associated with specific forms of sexuality

Which of the following is NOT associated with globalization?

the rise of the Industrial Age and the growth of local factories

Examining how people use a language in real settings rather than studying language as a formal set of rules is which kind of linguistics?

sociolinguistics

What do anthropologists believe was the first step in the development of agriculture?

gatherer-hunters growing plants in areas that were more convenient for them

Which kinship structure highlights the nuclear family?

lineal kinship

What term describes how people interact with their environments in order to make a living?

mode of subsistence

British historian Basil Davidson has argued that African societies such as the Asante and Zulu were proto-states, which means what?

states in formation at the time of European colonization

Which of the following is NOT a likely research area for a sociobiologist?

the degree to which there is gender equity in terms of pay and title in contemporary corporations

Which of the following BEST describes French philosopher Michel Foucault's concept of biopower?

the power of the state to regulate the bodies of citizens

Culture is something that is understood by both actor and audience, outside of formal rules.

true

In Durkheim's mechanical solidarity, the strongest cohesive factor is kinship

true

In social settings, meaning emerges from conversation and social interaction, not (just) from rules.

true

Status and roles help to create structure to interact with others in society.

true

Which of the following BEST describes the way gender is presented in Chapter 12?

a powerful sociocultural construct embedded in social practices and institutions

What term refers to small seminomadic groups who are gatherer-hunters?

bands

Which theory views social inequality as a struggle between economic classes?

conflict theory

The unilateral decision of one social group to take control over the symbols, practices, and objects of another is called

cultural appropriation

Why do humans lives in a society?

for collective survival

Cultural relativism was the basis for:

historical particularism

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of chiefdoms?

reliance on the extended community in making decisions

Research suggests that what percentage of differences in skill levels is related to gender?

5%

Bands, tribes, chiefdoms, and states are differentiated by

Political and subsistence patterns