anthro quizzes
"Social facts reinforce the collective conscience to maintain social solidarity" is a thought attributed to:
Durkheim
Which of the following anthropologists focused on symbols as the central way that culture is composed?
Geertz
Which of the following anthropologists used liminality to describe how social structures make sense of the out-of-ordinary?
Victoria Turner
According to Durkheim, society changes (or "evolves") because of
population growth
What is the estimated number of enslaved Africans believed to have been transported to the Americas from the 16th to the 19th century?
10-12 million
The formal rules of a language, including how it sounds, is the study of
descriptive linguistics
What is meant by the phrase "closed corporate community"?
groups of peasants who work as farmers to support those living within their own community
Technological development, agricultural development, urbanization, industrialization, and communication infrastructure are the five processes of:
modernization
What occurs when a social movement changes the structure of the political system, whether through peaceful or violent action?
revolution
Which occupational area employs the greatest number of immigrants to the United States?
agriculture and meatpacking
What term refers to the process of raising animals to obtain animal by-products?
animal domestication
Which of the following BEST describes the universalist approach to understanding economic processes?
assumes that economic processes work the same way all over the world
"Social conflicts caused by material needs result in political and historical events as people seek to find solutions." This idea attributed to Marx is known as:
dialectical materialism
Which type of colonization happens when large areas of land are occupied by imperial forces for resource extraction and locals are forced to build the infrastructure of their own subjugation and environmental ruin?
economic colonization
The biological ability of humans to make sounds and put them into meaningful sequences is the study of
evolutionary linguistics
The first method of farming developed by humans is known as what?
extensive horticulture
Primitivism and orientalism are types of cultural relativism.
false
Society is synonymous with nation or civilization.
false
What mode of subsistence have humans practiced for most of their evolutionary history?
gathering-hunting
Education, government, medicine, and family are different areas of dense social complexity. These structures are referred to as
institutions
What economic model prioritizes privatization of public services?
neoliberalism
What mode of subsistence is associated with the care and use of domesticated herd animals?
pastoralism
What term refers to the ability to convince others and build group consensus?
persuasive power
The rights and obligations of a particular status are
roles
Which type of colonization best describes what happened to the Indigenous people of North America?
settler colonization
The ways that individuals perceive aspects of social and natural reality and divide that reality into categories that are culturally variable are called
social constructions
The feeling of connectedness we feel to other members within our group is called
social solidarity
Which description BEST defines evolutionary social theory (cultural evolution)?
societies moving from one form of social organization to another in a linear evolutionary sequence
What term did Elman Service use for a type of acephalous society that relies on extended family structures for leadership, decision-making, and conflict resolution?
tribal societies
Humans have the ability to ascribe meaning to things, allowing for knowledge structures to form that make life and social relations possible.
true
Which is an example of embodiment?
Dressing professionally while at work to maintain a good working relationship with colleagues
What is the name for the time period from the 18th to the 20th century during which institutions of European political control were standardized, particularly in Africa?
classic colonialism
In Durkheim's organic solidarity, everyone in the community participates in all the same economic activities.
false
What movement represents the largest diaspora in history, with some 18 million people no longer living in their country of origin?
indian diaspora
French philosopher Michel Foucault used which term to describe how people engage in risky public speech in order to speak truth about power?
parrhesia
The creation of classes in a society to reflect different levels of capital is referred to as:
social stratification
Which description BEST defines sexual orientation?
sociocultural identities associated with specific forms of sexuality
Which of the following is NOT associated with globalization?
the rise of the Industrial Age and the growth of local factories
Examining how people use a language in real settings rather than studying language as a formal set of rules is which kind of linguistics?
sociolinguistics
What do anthropologists believe was the first step in the development of agriculture?
gatherer-hunters growing plants in areas that were more convenient for them
Which kinship structure highlights the nuclear family?
lineal kinship
What term describes how people interact with their environments in order to make a living?
mode of subsistence
British historian Basil Davidson has argued that African societies such as the Asante and Zulu were proto-states, which means what?
states in formation at the time of European colonization
Which of the following is NOT a likely research area for a sociobiologist?
the degree to which there is gender equity in terms of pay and title in contemporary corporations
Which of the following BEST describes French philosopher Michel Foucault's concept of biopower?
the power of the state to regulate the bodies of citizens
Culture is something that is understood by both actor and audience, outside of formal rules.
true
In Durkheim's mechanical solidarity, the strongest cohesive factor is kinship
true
In social settings, meaning emerges from conversation and social interaction, not (just) from rules.
true
Status and roles help to create structure to interact with others in society.
true
Which of the following BEST describes the way gender is presented in Chapter 12?
a powerful sociocultural construct embedded in social practices and institutions
What term refers to small seminomadic groups who are gatherer-hunters?
bands
Which theory views social inequality as a struggle between economic classes?
conflict theory
The unilateral decision of one social group to take control over the symbols, practices, and objects of another is called
cultural appropriation
Why do humans lives in a society?
for collective survival
Cultural relativism was the basis for:
historical particularism
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of chiefdoms?
reliance on the extended community in making decisions
Research suggests that what percentage of differences in skill levels is related to gender?
5%
Bands, tribes, chiefdoms, and states are differentiated by
Political and subsistence patterns
