Anthropology 1010- Chapter 5

A person may express racism through prejudiced beliefs or discriminatory actions. These may be acts of commission or acts of omission, but anthropologists refer to both as individual racism.

A person may express racism through prejudiced beliefs or discriminatory actions. These may be acts of commission or acts of omission, but anthropologists refer to both as individual racism.

Racial systems were challenged and reshaped in the postcolonial period through a variety of movements. Match each movement to the country or countries where it took place.

Anti-apartheid movement - South AfricaCivil rights movement - United States Racial democracy - Brazil

Identify these processes as beginning either during the colonial period or the postcolonial period.

Colonial Period -use of "race" to justify the transatlantic slave trade -invention of classifications of people based on phenotype Postcolonial Period -Anti-racist national movements challenged institutionalized violence and racism. -National liberation movements struggled to end occupations by foreign powers.

This cartoon, published in 1903 in the magazine Judge, shows anti-immigration sentiment in the United States at the time. Identify which concepts are directly exhibited in the cartoon and which are not.

Concept Exhibited in the Cartoon nativism racism Not a Concept Exhibited in the Cartoon colonialism miscegenation

While the United States and Brazil are the largest multiracial countries in the Western Hemisphere, race has been treated differently in each country. Identify whether the following statements apply to Brazil or the United States.

Describes Race Relations in the United States has applied the rule of hypodescent has barred interracial marriage Describes Race Relations in Brazil uses hundreds of categories and terms for various races race intersects closely with class, and racial categories can be shifted

Racialization is the process of categorizing and attributing supposedly racial qualities to people based on perceived characteristics. Identify whether or not these are examples of racialization.

Example of Racialization the creation of the category "Middle Eastern" as a race in the United States European immigrants in the United States calling the Chinese immigrants "Yellow Peril" Not an Example of Racialization the court dismissal of a Chinese man as a reliable eyewitness due to his race the use of microaggressions against minorities

Race is a biological concept rooted in genetic differences between people.

FALSE

In Brazil, the Portuguese colonial government did not forbid miscegenation, nor did it apply the rule of hypodescent. This resulted in Brazilian society developing many racial categories, such as pretinha.

In Brazil, the Portuguese colonial government did not forbid miscegenation, nor did it apply the rule of hypodescent. This resulted in Brazilian society developing many racial categories, such as pretinha.

White privilege refers to the benefits and opportunities that whites enjoy based solely on their skin color and perceived race. What does anthropologist Jane Gibson's study of low-income whites in Florida suggest about white privilege?

Not all whites experience equal amounts of white privilege.

Identify whether or not these reasons are why it is impossible to distinguish clear genetic boundaries between one human population and another.

Reason Humans are 99.9 percent genetically the same. Humans have been exchanging genetic material for 200,000 years. Human variation changes gradually in a geographic continuum. Not a Reason Human genes are incredibly diverse, varying from person to person.

Identify whether or not these are possible reasons why it is difficult for people in the United States to acknowledge the continuing existence of racism.

Reason People believe that mainstream U.S. society is a meritocracy. Color blindness is seen as a solution to racism in the United States. Not a Reason U.S. laws are enforced equally regardless of race. There is no longer institutional racism in the United States.

A racial ideology is a set of ideas about race that justify and normalize discriminatory actions. Identify whether or not these are situations shaped by racial ideologies.

Shaped by Racial Ideologies white colonists' beliefs that slavery was natural European settlers' beliefs that they had the right to "civilize" the American West Not Shaped by Racial Ideologies upper-class Dominicans' beliefs that they are black police officers' beliefs that they could cut off poor whites' livelihood in Florida

Anthropologists often use the plural term racisms. What does this term refer to?

The variety of ways race has been constructed among people of different places

Anthropologist Donna Goldstein explored how poor Brazilian women use humor to cope with persistent brutality. Which describes Goldstein's observation of poor Brazilian domestic workers' "laughter out of place"?

They laughed at different things than their employers while watching TV together.

Race relations play out differently depending on a variety of historical, cultural, and social factors. Match each racial situation to the country to which it pertains.

U.S.- This country defined thedominant category as"Aryan" or "Caucasian"and legal debates wereimportant in definingwho belonged to theseprivileged groups. Brazil-This country has manynuanced racial categoriesand has been referred toas a "racial democracy." South Africa-This country developed alegal system called"apartheid" that establishedwhite dominance as a keygovernmental structure.

Chinese immigrants first arrived in the United States in large numbers during the 1850s. Identify whether or not the initial wave of Chinese immigrants experienced racial prejudice in these particular ways.

Way Chinese Immigrants Experienced Prejudice They were treated with hostility by federal and state governments. They were called derogatory names. Not a Way Chinese Immigrants Experienced Prejudice They were not allowed to have jobs. They were stereotyped as better at math.

The first example of the term white can be traced to a public document written in Virginia in 1691. Identify whether or not these are major ways in which white privilege was subsequently invented and reinforced in Virginia in the 1700s.

Way White Privilege Was Invented Whites were given more legal privileges. Whites were counted as whole people in censuses. Not a Way White Privilege Was Invented Whites usually earned more money than blacks. Whites were given financial assistance from the government.

Beginning in the 1400s, many European countries began colonial activities to further their economic power. Identify the correct definition of colonialism.

the use of military, economic, and political power beyond a country's borders to enhance its global power

Contemporary worldwide expressions of racism, and the notion of race itself, are historically rooted in which practice?

colonialism