Anthropology

According to Edward Sapir, languages may be different but the way we think about the world is basically the same. T or. F

F

All languages express three tenses (past, present, and future) in their structure. T or F

F

Cultural anthropology is one of the most quantitative of the social sciences.

F

Cultural appropriation involves relationships of power. T or F

F

Environmental anthropologists accept the idea that all indigenous people are environmentalists. T or. F

F

Languages change very slowly, taking generations or even centuries. T or F

F

Activities that are biologically based, such as eating and sleeping, are universally practiced in the same way for all humans. T Or F ?

False

Which mode of subsistence includes the search for edible things?

Forging

Which of the following is not true of how food preferences relate to gender? Foods take on qualities associated with one gender or another. Men always love meat, no matter which culture they are from. Men and women are enculturated to eat certain foods. Foods are linked to gender-appropriate behaviors.

Men always love meat, no matter which culture they are from.

What term best describes people who leave their homes to work for a time in other regions or countries?

Migrants

Culture consists of the collective processes that make the artificial seem natural. T or F

T

All knowledge systems about nature, including science, are culturally based. T or F

True

Foragers tend work less to survive than agriculturalists or pastoralists. t OR F

True

A key principle of the holistic perspective developed by Franz Boas is:

a goal of synthesizing the entire context of human experience

Linguists refer to mixed languages with a simplified grammar that people rarely learn as a mother tongue as:

a pidgin language.

Food security refers to:

access to sufficient nutritious food to be healthy and active.

A central technique involved in an informal, open-ended interview is to:

allow questions to emerge in the course of the interview.

An anthropologist interested in a cultural insider's perspective on that insider's culture is seeking:

an emic perspective.

World systems theory helped anthropologists:

better explain the historical emergence of development patterns throughout the world.

In evolutionary terms, humans are distinct from other primates with respect to their ability to use language because we:

can speak using a larynx

Throughout human history, humans have tended to adapt to the land in a way that is supportive of population size, a practice referred to as:

carrying capacity.

Which of the following best describes the methodology of multisited ethnography?

comparative

The subfield of anthropology that studies human diversity, beliefs, and practices is called:

cultural anthropology

The process of promoting one culture over others, through formal policy or less formal means, is referred to as:

cultural imperialism.

The moral and intellectual principle that one should withhold judgment about seemingly strange or exotic beliefs and practices is called:

cultural relativism

This concept refers to the taken-for-granted notions, rules, moralities, and behaviors within a social group that feel natural:

culture

The circulation of arm bands and necklaces as part of the Kula ring in the Trobriand islands is an example of __________ reciprocity.

delayed

Push-pull factors:

describe the factors that "push" people to migrate from their homes and that "pull" them to host countries.

Foodways are subject to large-scale industrial processes, trade relationships, and trends, suggesting that they are:

dynamic

Assuming your culture's way of doing things is the best is called:

ethnocentrism

The study of how people classify things in the world is called:

ethnoscience

The theory of culture that proposes that cultural practices, beliefs, and institutions fulfill the psychological and physical needs of society is called:

functionalism.

When a parent feeds and houses a child for the first eighteen years of their life, the parent is engaged in __________ reciprocity.

generalized

The sushi burrito, a blending of two regional foods as a result of globalization, is an example of:

hybridization.

The concept of language ideology refers to:

ideas people have about some languages or dialects being superior or inferior to others.

The defining feature of historical particularism is:

individual societies develop particular cultural traits and undergo a unique process of change.

The people anthropologists gather data from are called:

informants

A process that increases yields and includes prepping soil, technology, a large labor force, water management, and plant and soil modification is:

intensification

Examples of social institutions are: A.texts, books, and archival materials. B.material artifacts. C.kinship, marriage, and farming. D.numbers and the alphabet.

kinship, marriage, and farming.

During anthropological fieldwork, cultural anthropologists might:

learn the local language, record people's economic transactions, and study how environmental changes affect agriculture.

The exchange of brass rods for the purchase of cattle or the payment of a bride price is an example of the use of:

limited-purpose money.

If a development anthropologist were to get involved in a project in your city that is revitalizing a poor neighborhood, she or he would probably emphasize the overarching importance of:

listening to the priorities of the neighbors.

The recent rise of autonomy movements among Hawaiian separatists and Basques in Europe are examples of:

localization.

How words fit together to make meaningful units is called:

morphology

Gift exchange for Marcel Mauss is based in:

obligation.

What relationship between nature and human does Western thought emphasize?

oppositional

During colonialism, the perception of non-Western peoples as primitive or savage is referred to as the process of:

othering

From an anthropological perspective, the main reason Wall Street banks are not the bastions of individualism and cold rationalism many think they are is that:

personal relationships and local knowledge are critical to successful transactions.

Economies in which people seek high social rank, prestige, and power instead of money and material wealth are known as:

prestige economies.

A hypothetical common ancestral language of two or more living languages is called a:

proto-language

The purpose of field notes is to:

provide written records of information that an anthropologist collects.

The collection of goods in a community and the subsequent redivision of those goods among members of a society is called:

redistribution.

Anthropology emerged as an academic discipline in:

the 1800s

A qualitative approach to studying social life in your university would emphasize all of the following except: the construction of statistical models to explain activities in the community. prolonged and intensive participation and observation in the community. the use of field notes, recordings, images, and documents to understand life in the community.

the construction of statistical models to explain activities in the community.

A cross-cultural perspective on eating insect larvae would reveal: that eating insects is culturally maladaptive. the cultural constructions of insects as food. that taste is biologically hardwired. that eating insects is disgusting in all cultures.

the cultural constructions of insects as food.

The themes of reciprocity and gift exchange are critical to anthropologists because:

the exchange of gifts is present in all societies.

Even though anthropologists use parts of the scientific method, some don't see what they do as science because:

they disregard the scientific ideal of the researcher's detachment from his or her subject of study.

A critical reason for taking fieldnotes is that there may be a long lag time between fieldwork and writing and publishing about it. True false

true

The term "dialect" refers to different variations of a single language.

true

Globalization is the:

widening scale of cross-cultural interactions caused by the rapid movement of money, people, goods, images, and ideas within nations and across national boundaries.

What is the term that refers to the proliferation of similar norms and knowledge shared across national boundaries?

world culture

Cultural economics operates with the view that: A. noncapitalist and capitalist economies are so different that they require different theoretical approaches. B. morals and economic activity are intertwined with one another. C.social inequality emerges from the conflicting interests of wealthy class and the working class. economics are ruled by practical reason.

. morals and economic activity are intertwined with one another.

To study culture one must travel to distant, far-off places. T or F

F

Which method is least likely to be used by a cultural anthropologist studying tuberculosis in a small community? observing the intake practices at a local clinic reading local media coverage of tuberculosis and other infectious diseases drawing blood from informants to analyze the exact strain of the virus

drawing blood from informants to analyze the exact strain of the virus

Which of the following analyses of Christmas shopping would be least likely to come from a follower of cultural economics? A.People always make decisions about what to buy on the basis of getting the lowest price. B.People might buy some gifts in a store and trade and barter for other gifts. C.People buy certain gifts to build their stature among friends and family. D.People buy gifts to reaffirm and strengthen social relations.

People always make decisions about what to buy on the basis of getting the lowest price.